Use of molasses as a carbon source during the nursery rearing of Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis (Latreille, 1817) in a Biofloc technology system     

Diego Moreira de Souza  Sabrina Medeiros Suita  Luis Alberto Romano  Wilson Wasielesky Jr  Eduardo Luis Cupertino Ballester 《Aquaculture Research》2014,45(2):270-277

The present work evaluated the use of molasses as a carbon source during the nursery rearing of Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis in a Biofloc technology system. During a 30 days trial, three replicate tanks were randomly assigned to the following treatments: 1.) molasses (with molasses addition) and 2.) control (without molasses addition). Bacteriological analysis was used to quantify the abundance of presumptive Vibrio spp. between control and molasses treatment. The concentration of this microorganism was lower in molasses compared with control. For the immunological analysis, shrimp haemolymph was collected to determine the total haemocyte count and the total protein concentration. The immunological results were not different between treatments. The performance results of shrimp reared with molasses addition showed that the survival rate (88.87 ± 6.36), the mean final weight (1.22 ± 0.38) and the specific growth rate (0.0309 ± 1.06) were significantly higher compared with control (80.5 ± 2.42; 1.03 ± 0.13; 0.0256 ± 0.97 respectively). Moreover, the addition of molasses contributed to the maintenance of water quality and lower concentration of presumptive Vibrio spp. The control presented an unstable variation of Vibrio spp. reaching values of 80 × 10² CFU/ml, while the highest result of molasses was 20 × 10² CFU/ml, confirming the beneficial effects of molasses addition.  相似文献   

Effect of Avocado sunblotch viroid (ASBVd) on avocado yield in Michoacan,Mexico     

J. R. Saucedo-Carabez  D. Téliz-Ortiz  S. Ochoa-Ascencio  D. Ochoa-Martínez  M. R. Vallejo-Pérez  H. Beltrán-Peña 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2014,138(4):799-805

The total yield of cv. Hass and Mendez avocado trees was evaluated in Grove 1 in Uruapan county: four trees were sunblotch-infected, four asymptomatic (molecularly positive), and four healthy. A further four healthy and four symptomatic trees were evaluated in Grove 2 in Tingambato county. There was a significant 75 % reduction in the total Hass fruit weight from symptomatic trees in Grove 1 (213 kg vs 751 kg in healthy trees) and a 52 % reduction (124 kg vs 255 kg) in Grove 2 (Tukey, p?=?0.05). This reduction was more severe in Mendez: 83 % in Grove 1 (183 kg vs 1,053 kg) and 76 % in Grove 2 (82 kg vs 340 kg). Yield of asymptomatic trees was reduced to 58 % in Mendez and 30 % in Hass. The average weight of 100 fruits was reduced by 13–28 % in Hass and 20–27 % in Mendez in Groves 2 and 1 respectively. The equatorial diameter of 100 symptomatic fruits was 8 % lower in Hass in both groves, and 20–28 % lower in Mendez. The polar diameter decreased by 8–10 % in Hass and 10–11 % in Mendez. The incidence of symptomatic fruits was 46–62 % in Hass and 20–28 % in Mendez. Yield of ASBVd symptomatic Hass and Mendez trees was significantly reduced and fruit morphology negatively affected.  相似文献   

Effect of salicylic acid treatment on tomato plant physiology and tolerance to potato virus X infection   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Tania Falcioni  Juan Pedro Ferrio  Ana Isabel del Cueto  Jordi Giné  María Ángeles Achón  Vicente Medina 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2014,138(2):331-345

Salicylic acid (SA) is an inducer of systemic acquired resistance (SAR) and could be a potential candidate in the control of plant virus diseases. In this study we assayed under controlled conditions the potential effect of three doses of exogenous SA treatment on tomato plants infected with Potato virus X (PVX) and measured their effects on: different physiological parameters (gas exchange, stable isotopes, chlorophyll content), the activation of secondary metabolism, viral accumulation and induction of the expression of pathogenesis-related proteins (PRs) such as ß-1, 3-glucanase (PR2) and chitinase (PR3). SA treatment increased the expression of PR2, the activity of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and the concentration of antioxidant compounds at 7 days post-treatment. Earlier expression of PR3 compared to PR2 was observed. SA treatment delayed the detection of PVX by ELISA in uninoculated leaves of mechanically infected tomato plants. Although the effect of PVX infection on physiological parameters was weak, moderate SA treatments showed enhanced photosynthesis, particularly for infected plants. The results obtained confirm that SA promotes major changes in the induction of resistance in tomato plants and suggest that treatment with exogenous SA could be considered to reduce the infections caused by PVX.  相似文献   

Striking genetic similarity between races of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris confirms a monophyletic origin and clonal evolution of the chickpea vascular wilt pathogen     

Jill E. Demers  Carla D. Garzón  María del Mar Jiménez-Gasco 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2014,139(2):303-318

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Thermal time requirements of root-knot nematodes on zucchini-squash and population dynamics with associated yield losses on spring and autumn cropping cycles     

María Dolores Vela  Ariadna Giné  Manuel López-Gómez  Francisco Javier Sorribas  Cesar Ornat  Soledad Verdejo-Lucas  Miguel Talavera 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2014,140(3):481-490

The present research was undertaken to evaluate the effects of soil temperature on the life cycle of root-knot nematodes (RKN) on zucchini-squash in growth chambers and to assess the relationship between Meloidogyne incognita soil population densities at planting (Pi), its multiplication rate, and crop losses of zucchini in field conditions. Thermal requirements for M. incognita and M. javanica were determined by cultivating zucchini plants in pots inoculated with 200 second stage juveniles (J2) of each Meloidogyne species at constant temperatures of 17, 21, 25, and 28 °C. Number of days from nematode inoculation until appearance of egg laying females and until egg hatching were separately recorded. For life cycle completion, base temperatures (Tb) of 12?ºC and 10.8?ºC and accumulated degree-days above Tb (S) of 456 and 526, were estimated for M. incognita and M. javanica, respectively. The relationship between fruit weight and M. incognita Pi fits the Seinhorst damage function, but differed accordingly to the cropping season, spring or autumn. Tolerance limits for M. incognita on zucchini were 8.1 J2 per 250 cm³ of soil in spring and 1.5 in autumn cropping cycles, and the minimum relative yields were 0.61 in spring and 0.69 in autumn. Zucchini-squash was a poorer host for M. incognita in spring than in autumn, since maximum multiplication rates (a) and equilibrium densities (E) were lower in spring (a?=?16–96; E?=?274–484) than in autumn (a?=?270–2307; E?=?787–1227).  相似文献   

Induction of defense mechanisms in seedlings of oilseed winter rape inoculated with Phoma lingam (Leptosphaeria maculans)     

Katarzyna Hura  Tomasz Hura  Renata Bączek-Kwinta  Maciej Grzesiak  Agnieszka Płażek 《Phytoparasitica》2014,42(2):145-154

The aim of this study was to find the biochemical markers of blackleg, evoked by the fungus Leptosphaeria maculans in seedlings of oilseed winter rape. Analyses of antioxidant enzymes activity and reactive oxygen species detection were performed 24, 48 and 72 h after inoculation. Moreover, measurements of the total pool of phenolic compounds, trans-cinnamic acid and ferulic acid were carried out. The results proved the virulence of Ph L5 isolate towards the rape seedlings. An increase in total phenolic content, including trans-cinnamic acid, was observed 24 h after inoculation. High activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase is probably another symptom of the defense mechanisms, despite the fact that it was not accompanied by elevated phenolics level, which were probably rapidly exhausted during Phoma lingam inoculation. A drop in phenolics content was balanced by higher activity of SOD, CAT and non-specific peroxidases. Enhanced activity of these enzymes was a response to the reactive oxygen species overproduction. ROS accumulation in indirectly inoculated first true leaves after inoculation may suggest a systemic defense response.  相似文献   

Segregation and associations of enological and agronomic traits in Graciano × Tempranillo wine grape progeny (Vitis vinifera L.)     

Shiren Song  María del Mar Hernández  Ignacio Provedo  Cristina M. Menéndez 《Euphytica》2014,195(2):259-277

The main objective of this research was the evaluation of the variability present in a segregating wine grape population derived from a cross between Graciano × Tempranillo, two Spanish varieties, in order to select improved genotypes with potential for producing high-quality wines in a climate change scenario. For that purpose, the phenotypic segregation of 16 agronomic traits related to production and phenology and 11 enological traits related to technical and phenolic maturity was studied in the progeny for three consecutive years. All traits presented transgressive segregation and continuous variation. Year effect was significant for all traits except total, extractable and skin anthocyanins content. However, a high level of genotype consistency for enological traits was revealed by repeatabilities and correlations between years. Significant correlations among traits were observed but most associations were weak. Furthermore, the CAPS (Cleaved Amplified Polymorphic Sequence) marker for the VvmybA genotype was tested to determine whether it would be useful in indirect selection for berry anthocyanins content. The results showed that the number of homozygous and heterozygous genotypes for the functional colour allele adjusted to a 1:1 segregation ratio, and that homozygous genotypes had significantly higher anthocyanins content. Principal component analysis found eight variables that contributed up to 80 % of the phenotypic variability present in the population. Seven groups of hybrids were distinguished based on ripening time, cluster weight, berry weight and anthocyanins content by cluster analysis; and fourteen genotypes were pre-selected for further research.  相似文献   

Ubiquitousness of Haloferax and Carotenoid Producing Genes in Arabian Sea Coastal Biosystems of India     

Jamseel Moopantakath  Madangchanok Imchen  Ranjith Kumavath  Rosa María Martínez-Espinosa 《Marine drugs》2021,19(8)

This study presents a comparative analysis of halophiles from the global open sea and coastal biosystems through shotgun metagenomes (n = 209) retrieved from public repositories. The open sea was significantly enriched with Prochlorococcus and Candidatus pelagibacter. Meanwhile, coastal biosystems were dominated by Marinobacter and Alcanivorax. Halophilic archaea Haloarcula and Haloquandratum, predominant in the coastal biosystem, were significantly (p < 0.05) enriched in coastal biosystems compared to the open sea. Analysis of whole genomes (n = 23,540), retrieved from EzBioCloud, detected crtI in 64.66% of genomes, while cruF was observed in 1.69% Bacteria and 40.75% Archaea. We further confirmed the viability and carotenoid pigment production by pure culture isolation (n = 1351) of extreme halophiles from sediments (n = 410 × 3) sampling at the Arabian coastline of India. All red-pigmented isolates were represented exclusively by Haloferax, resistant to saturated NaCl (6 M), and had >60% G + C content. Multidrug resistance to tetracycline, gentamicin, ampicillin, and chloramphenicol were also observed. Our study showed that coastal biosystems could be more suited for bioprospection of halophiles rather than the open sea.  相似文献   

Influence of High Molecular Weight Glutenins on Viscoelastic Properties of Intact Wheat Kernel and Relation to Functional Properties of Wheat Dough     

J. D. C. Figueroa  Tanja Maucher  W. Reule  R. J. Pea 《Cereal Chemistry》2009,86(2):139-144

High and low molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW‐GS and LMW‐GS, respectively) are the main factors determining the viscoelastic properties of wheat dough. The mechanical and viscoelastic properties of 29 samples of wheat kernels differing in HMW‐GS were evaluated with load‐compression tests. Samples were grouped by genotypes differing in HMW‐GS composition (allelic variants: Glu‐A1: null, 1, 2*; Glu‐B1: 7, 7+8, 7+9, 13+16, and 17+18; Glu‐D1: 5+10, 2+12). Groups representing Glu‐A1 1 and 2*; Glu‐B1 7, 7+9 and 17+18; and Glu‐D1 5+10 generally possessed hard grain and showed the largest kernel elasticity values, while those representing subunits Glu‐A1 null; Glu‐B1 7+8; and Glu‐D1 2+12 had soft kernels and showed lower elastic work values. Genotypes possessing HMW‐GS 1, 17+18 and 5+10 gave large SDS‐sedimentation values and better dough viscoelastic properties than those with allelels: null, 7+8, and 2+12. Kernel hardness showed significant correlation with the dough‐strength‐related parameters: SDS‐sedimentation; dough mixing time; and the alveographic parameters, W and P. There was a negative correlation between kernel plastic work and dough mixing time and the dough tenacity/extensibility parameters, P/L. The significant relationship between sedimentation tests and kernel elastic work seems to indicate that elastic work is related to genotype (protein composition). The general tendency was that higher values in kernel elastic work and size corresponded to better dough rheological quality. Mechanical properties of the kernel were significantly related to the elastic behavior measured in a single wheat kernel. The use of the compression test on individual kernels is easy, rapid and nondestructive and therefore seems to show potential use as a rapid tool in breeding to improve wheat quality.  相似文献   

Morphological characterization of wheat genetic resources from the Island of Madeira,Portugal     

Teresa M. M. dos Santos  Filipe Ganança  Jan J. Slaski  Miguel Â. A. Pinheiro de Carvalho 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2009,56(3):363-375

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