Evaluation of Degree of Elasticity and Other Mechanical Properties of Wheat Kernels     

J. D. C. Figueroa  Z. J. E. Hernndez  M. J. J. Vles  P. Rayas‐Duarte  H. E. Martínez‐Flores  N. Ponce‐García 《Cereal Chemistry》2011,88(1):12-18

Three samples were selected representing bread, soft, and durum wheat. Uniaxial compression and stress relaxation tests were performed on wheat kernels. Force‐deformation curves from intact wheat grain typically exhibited at least two points of inflection (PI) at ≈0.1 and 0.2 mm displacement. The first PI is related to the mechanical properties of all the bran layers. The second PI (0.2 mm) seems to be the endosperm boundary near the aleurone layer. These structures had higher degree of elasticity (DE) compared to the inner endosperm (0.5–0.6 mm). Besides wheat class and specific structures of the caryopsis, moisture content is a prominent factor affecting the mechanical strength of kernels. Stress relaxation tests show that bread wheat kernels with 69.2% DE at 13% moisture decreased to 31.6% DE with additional 6% moisture content. Soft wheat kernels DE of 61.0% at 13% moisture decreased to 22.7% at 19.7% moisture. Stress relaxation revealed pronounced time‐dependence. However, the differences of stress values at 120–180 sec were not significant in all wheat classes and moisture contents evaluated. The stress values after 120 sec might be attributed to the elastic deformation of the kernels.  相似文献   

Relationship Between Soft Wheat Flour Physicochemical Composition and Cookie‐Making Performance     

Malena Moiraghi  Leonardo Vanzetti  Carlos Bainotti  Marcelo Helguera  Alberto Len  Gabriela Prez 《Cereal Chemistry》2011,88(2):130-136

Nowadays in Argentina, cookies, crackers, and cakes are made of flour obtained from bread wheat with additives or enzymes that decrease the gluten strength but increase production costs. The present research work aims to study the relationship between flour physicochemical composition (particle size average [PSA], protein, damaged starch [DS], water soluble pentosans [WSP], total pentosans [TP], and gluten), alkaline water retention capacities behavior, solvent retention capacities profile (SRC) and cookie‐making performance in a set of 51 adapted soft wheat lines with diverse origin to identify better flour parameters for predicting cookie quality. Cookie factor (CF) values were 5.06–7.56. High and significant negative correlations between sucrose SRC (–0.68), water SRC (–0.65), carbonate SRC (–0.59), and CF were found, followed by lactic SRC that presented a low negative but significant correlation (r = –0.35). The flour components DS (r = –0.67), WSP (r = –0.49), and TP (r = –0.4) were negatively associated to CF. PSA showed a negative correlation with CF (r = –0.43). Protein and gluten were the flour components that affected cookie hardness, but no significant correlation were found with pentosan or DS content. A prediction equation for CF was developed. Sucrose SRC, PSA, and DS could be used to predict 68% of the variation in cookie diameter. The cluster analysis was conducted to assess differences in flour quality parameters among genotypes based on CF. Clusters 1 and 4 were typified by lower CF (5.70 and 5.23, respectively), higher DS, pentosan content, and SRC values. Cluster 2 with a relative good CF (6.47) and Cluster 3 with the best cookie quality, high CF (7.32) and low firmness, and the lowest DS, TP, WSP content, and sucrose SRC values.  相似文献   

Fatty acid composition of intramuscular fat from Nellore steers fed dry or high moisture corn and calcium salts of fatty acids     

Saulo da Luz e Silva  Paulo Roberto Leme  Soraia Marques Putrino  Anglica Simone Cravo Pereira  Amaury Camilo Valinote  Jos Carlos Machado Nogueira Filho  Dante Pazzanese Duarte Lanna 《Livestock Science》2009,122(2-3):290-295

The purpose of this work was to evaluate the fatty acid composition of the Longissimus muscle from carcasses of Nellore steers fed diets with calcium salts of fatty acids (CSFA) and high moisture corn. Forty eight steers were fed during 70 days four diets containing dry corn (DC), high moisture corn (HM), dry corn plus CSFA (DC-CSFA) or high moisture corn plus CSFA (HM-CSFA). Fatty acid composition of the Longissimus muscle was determined by gas chromatography. Corn type had no effect on the ether extract percentage and in the content of the majority of the fatty acids, although steers fed HMC showed higher levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated/saturated ratio. Feeding CSFA increased ether extract percentage but had no effect on total of saturated, unsaturated and saturated: unsaturated ratio. Both high moisture corn and calcium salts of fatty acids increased CLA (cis9, trans11) and total CLA concentrations in intramuscular fat.  相似文献   

Search for <Emphasis Type="Italic">Salmonella</Emphasis> spp. in ostrich productive chain of Brazilian southeast region     

Oliveiro Caetano de Freitas Neto  Sonia Luisa Silva Lages  Adriano Oliveira Torres Carrasco  Angelo Berchieri Junior 《Tropical animal health and production》2009,41(8):1607-1614

We analyzed ostriches from an equipped farm located in the Brazilian southeast region for the presence of Salmonella spp. This bacterium was investigated in 80 samples of ostrich droppings, 90 eggs, 30 samples of feed and 30 samples of droppings from rodents. Additionally, at slaughter-house this bacterium was investigated in droppings, caecal content, spleen, liver and carcasses from 90 slaughtered ostriches from the studied farm. Also, blood serum of those animals were harvested and submitted to serum plate agglutination using commercial Salmonella Pullorum antigen. No Salmonella spp. was detected in any eggs, caecal content, liver, spleen, carcass and droppings from ostriches and rodents. However, Salmonella Javiana and Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica 4, 12: i:- were isolated from some samples of feed. The serologic test was negative for all samples. Good sanitary farming management and the application of HACCP principles and GMP during the slaughtering process could explain the absence of Salmonella spp. in the tested samples.  相似文献   

Factors affecting plasma prolactin concentrations throughout gestation in high producing dairy cows     

I. García-Ispierto  F. López-Gatius  S. Almería  J. Yániz  P. Santolaria  B. Serrano  G. Bech-Sàbat  C. Nogareda  J. Sulon  N.M. de Sousa  J.F. Beckers 《Domestic animal endocrinology》2009

The aim of the present study was to investigate possible relationships between plasma concentrations of prolactin and the following factors throughout gestation in lactating dairy cows: photoperiod, season, milk production, Neospora caninum-seropositivity, twin pregnancy, and plasma concentrations of pregnancy associated glycoproteins-1 (PAG-1), progesterone and cortisol. Pregnancy was diagnosed by trans-rectal ultrasonography on Day 40 post-insemination and by palpation per rectum on Days 90, 120, 150, 180 and 210 or until abortion in aborting cows. Blood samples were collected from each animal immediately before each pregnancy diagnosis. The study population was comprised of 73 non-aborting (54 Neospora-seropositive cows) and 20 aborting cows (all Neospora-seropositive) cows. In non-aborting cows, GLM repeated measures of analysis of variance revealed that lactation number and days in milk had no effect on plasma prolactin concentrations throughout gestation, whereas high plasma prolactin concentrations were significantly associated with high plasma levels of cortisol and PAG-1, with Neospora-seropositivity, positive photoperiod (increasing day length), twin pregnancy, and with low plasma progesterone concentrations. An interaction among plasma prolactin, plasma cortisol and milk production was observed in that plasma prolactin concentrations differed significantly throughout gestation and were highest in high-producing cows with high cortisol levels. In Neospora-seropositive non-aborting versus aborting cows, mean prolactin concentrations failed to differ on Days 40, 90, 120, 150 and 180 of pregnancy, whereas prolactin values were significantly lower (P = 0.03) in aborting animals on Day 210 of pregnancy. Our results indicate that a positive photoperiod and Neospora-infection lead to increased plasma prolactin concentrations throughout gestation. Reduced prolactin concentrations detected in Neospora-seropositive aborting cows compared to non-aborting animals suggests a protective effect of prolactin in N. caninum infection.  相似文献   

Factors Affecting Plasma Pregnancy-associated Glycoprotein 1 Concentrations Throughout Gestation in High-producing Dairy Cows     

B Serrano  F López-Gatius  P Santolaria  S Almería  I García-Ispierto  G Bech-Sabat  J Sulon  NM de Sousa  JF Beckers  JL Yániz 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2009,44(4):600-605

This study was designed to establish the factors, if any, which could affect plasma pregnancy-associated glycoprotein-1 (PAG-1) expression in a study population of 87 pregnant, high-producing dairy cows. The factors examined were: semen providing breed (Holstein-Friesian vs Limousin), outcome of gestation (male vs female newborn, and singleton vs twin pregnancies), lactation number, milk production at pregnancy diagnosis, plasma progesterone concentration, season of gestation (warm period, March–November vs cool period, December–February), and day of gestation (40, 90, 120, 150, 180 and 210). Pregnancy was diagnosed by transrectal ultrasound on day 40 post-insemination and by palpation per rectum on days 90, 120, 150, 180 and 210. Blood samples were collected from each animal immediately before each pregnancy diagnosis. The relative contributions of the different factors on PAG-1 concentrations were evaluated by GLM repeated measures analysis of variance. No significant effects of the herd, foetal sex, milk production, lactation number and plasma progesterone concentrations were observed. In contrast, twin pregnancy, the use of Limousin semen and conception during the cool period were correlated with significantly increased plasma PAG-1 concentrations throughout gestation. Our data indicate that both cow well-being during early placental development, determined in our conditions by reduced heat stress when conception occurred in the cool season, and crossbreed pregnancies lead to improved PAG-1 production throughout the gestation period.  相似文献   

Expression of conserved mucin domains by epithelial tissues in various mammalian species     

Lacunza E  Bara J  Segal-Eiras A  Croce MV 《Research in veterinary science》2009,86(1):68-478

Mucins are related to infectious and non-infectious diseases in Veterinary and Human Medicine. MUC1 mucin is a transmembrane glycoprotein expressed on the apical surface of human epithelia while MUC5AC is the predominant secreted mucin expressed in human gastric epithelium and goblet cells of lung and eyes. MUC5AC C-terminus cysteine rich regions and the cytoplasmic tail of MUC1 domains are conserved among several mammalian species. Objective: to compare the expression of MUC1 and MUC5AC mucins in mammalian epithelia. CT33 anti-MUC1 cytoplasmic tail (MUC1CT) polyclonal antibody and 45M1 anti-MUC5AC monoclonal antibody were employed. By immunohistochemistry, MUC1CT was expressed in most tissues while MUC5AC was restricted to gastric surface epithelium and goblet cells from trachea and lung. By western blot, MUC1CT showed a band at approximately 35 kDa in most tissues; MUC5AC revealed bands at >180 kDa in stomach and lung secretions from rat, cat, pig and cow. When rat MUC5AC was immunoprecipitated, a band at about 180 kDa was obtained.  相似文献   

The Andean hog-nosed skunk Conepatus chinga Molina, 1782 as a new definitive host for Spirometra erinacei Faust, Campbell & Kellog, 1929     

Luis A. Gmez-Puerta  Daniel S. Ticona  María T. Lpez-Urbina  Armando E. Gonzlez 《Veterinary parasitology》2009,160(3-4):334-336

This report describes the finding of Spirometra erinacei Faust, Campbell & Kellog, 1929 (Cestoda, Diphyllobothridae) infecting the small intestine of two Andean hog-nosed skunks (Conepatus chinga Molina, 1782), collected from the locality “Abra La Raya”, at Cusco, Peru. Four cestodes were studied and identified as S. erinacei. This is the first report showing that the Andean hog-nosed skunk is one of the natural hosts for this parasite.  相似文献   

Clinical, histopathological and epidemiological study of canine straelensiosis in the Iberian Peninsula (2003–2007)     

Gustavo A. Ramírez  Jaume Altimira  Beatriz García  Marcos Fernández†  Miquel Vilafranca 《Veterinary dermatology》2009,20(1):35-41

Straelensiosis is a relatively new disease described in dogs and produced by a trombiculid larva known as Straelensia cynotis . Few cases have been reported in the English literature. Straelensiosis has been observed in Southern France and Northern Portugal causing a distinctive nodular dermatitis. The present study describes the clinical, histopathological and epidemiological features of 19 cases diagnosed as straelensiosis in the north of Spain and Portugal (2003–2007). A follow-up of the animals after diagnosis was carried out. Differences with previously described cases were observed, especially concerning epidemiology and histopathology. The grade of response to different treatments and new microscopic features are discussed. The study concludes that S. cynotis can cause a nodular dermatitis in rural and hunting dogs in Spain and Portugal and is associated with particular seasonal and geographical factors.  相似文献   

Hematoporphyrin-based photodynamic therapy for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in cats     

Isabelle Ferreira  Sheila C. Rahal  Noeme S. Rocha  Ana H. Gouveia†  Thais P. Corrêa  Yuri K. Carvalho  Vanderlei S. Bagnato† 《Veterinary dermatology》2009,20(3):174-178

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) using a haematoporphyrin derivative (Photogem®, General Physics Institute and clustes Ltda) as photosensitizer and light emitting diodes (LEDs) as the light source was evaluated in 12 cats with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Lesions were illuminated with LEDs, (300 J/cm for 30 min) 24 h after the administration of the photosensitizer. Clinical responses were classified as complete disappearance of the tumour with total re-epithelialization; partial response (a reduction greater than 50%); and no response (less than 50% reduction). Tumours localized to the pinna treated with one ( n  = 3) or two ( n  = 4) applications of PDT yielded no response. Highly invasive tumours of the nose and nasal planum also showed no response, after two treatments ( n  = 2). A combination of PDT and surgery was performed in three cases. Two cats showed partial response and one complete response with one application of therapy 30 days after nasal surgery. Small and noninfiltrative lesions ( n  = 3) of the nasal planum showed a PR with one application ( n  = 2) and a CR with two applications ( n  = 1). This study shows that PDT using Photogem® and LEDs can provide local control of low-grade feline squamous cell carcinoma. The addition of PDT to surgery in more invasive cases may help prevent recurrence.  相似文献