Mycoplasma bovis and otitis in dairy calves in the United Kingdom     

Foster AP  Naylor RD  Howie NM  Nicholas RA  Ayling RD 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2009,179(3):455-457

Signs of severe otitis media in 20% of dairy calves on one farm were associated with Mycoplasma bovis infection, based on isolation from the external ear canal and nares. Affected calves seroconverted to M. bovis and no other significant bacteria were isolated. Infection was considered likely to have originated from cows in the milking herd based on evidence of seroconversion and detection of infection in a milk sample. M. bovis infection should be considered when investigating otitis problems in calves.  相似文献   

The 2000 canine distemper epidemic in Caspian seals (Phoca caspica): pathology and analysis of contributory factors     

Kuiken T  Kennedy S  Barrett T  Van de Bildt MW  Borgsteede FH  Brew SD  Codd GA  Duck C  Deaville R  Eybatov T  Forsyth MA  Foster G  Jepson PD  Kydyrmanov A  Mitrofanov I  Ward CJ  Wilson S  Osterhaus AD 《Veterinary pathology》2006,43(3):321-338

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Correlated responses to neonicotinoid insecticides in clones of the peach-potato aphid, Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae)     

Foster SP  Cox D  Oliphant L  Mitchinson S  Denholm I 《Pest management science》2008,64(11):1111-1114

BACKGROUND: Although there are still no confirmed reports of strong resistance to neonicotinoid insecticides in aphids, the peach-potato aphid (Myzus persicae Sulzer) shows variation in response, with some clones exhibiting up to tenfold resistance to imidacloprid. Five clones varying in response to imidacloprid were tested with four other neonicotinoid molecules to investigate the extent of cross-resistance.RESULTS: All four compounds-thiamethoxam, thiacloprid, clothianidin and dinotefuran-were cross-resisted, with ED(50) values ranked in the same order as for imidacloprid. Resistance factors ranged up to 11 for imidacloprid, 18 for thiamethoxam, 13 for thiacloprid, 100 for clothianidin and 6 for dinotefuran.CONCLUSION: This variation in response does not appear to be sufficient to compromise the field performance of neonicotinoids aimed at controlling aphids. However, it highlights the need for careful vigilance and stewardship in all M. persicae populations, and a need to consider neonicotinoids as a single cross-resisted group for management purposes.  相似文献   

Advice in spite of great uncertainty: assessing and addressing bycatch of small fishes with limited data using Stellifer illecebrosus as a case study     

S. J. Foster  A.C.J. Vincent 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2012,22(5):639-651

Seasonal variation in sesquiterpene lactone concentration and composition of forage chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) cultivars     

J. G. Foster  K. A. Cassida  M. A. Sanderson 《Grass and Forage Science》2011,66(3):424-433

Palatability and anthelmintic activity of chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) forage are influenced by the sesquiterpene lactones lactucin (LAC), 8‐deoxylactucin (DOL) and lactucopicrin. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine how sesquiterpene lactone concentration and composition vary during the growing season. Three forage chicory cultivars (Puna, Forage Feast and Lacerta) grown in West Virginia and Pennsylvania (USA) were managed during two consecutive years to maintain plants in the vegetative stage, and sesquiterpene lactones in leaves were quantified after each growth interval. Cultivars differed in the total concentration of sesquiterpene lactones and in the proportions of LAC and DOL. Total sesquiterpene lactone concentration generally decreased or remained constant during the season, but the specific response depended on the cultivar. Differences in seasonal patterns between years corresponded with unusual climatic conditions. The three cultivars had similar concentrations of DOL in the spring. Forage Feast provided a dramatically lower concentration of DOL during the summer. Uniformly high concentrations of DOL across the growing season in Puna and Lacerta make these cultivars attractive for use in bioactive pastures for control of Haemonchus contortus. Changes in both sesquiterpene lactone concentration and composition during the season result in large variations in forage bitterness.  相似文献   

A report of 7 cases of feline vulval adenocarcinoma     

Welsh JB  Best SJ  Yager JA  Foster RA 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2010,51(7):764-766

Seven cases of feline vulval adenocarcinoma are reported. Follow-up information was available for 5 cats, and all but 1 of these was euthanized within 2-18 mo of diagnosis (median 9.2 mo) for reoccurrence of local disease (3 cases) and/or clinical signs consistent with metastases (3 cases). There was no relationship between histological features of the tumor and outcome.  相似文献   

Host resistances to Aphanomyces trifolii root rot of subterranean clover: first opportunity to successfully manage this severe pasture disease          下载免费PDF全文

M. P. You  T. A. O'Rourke  K. Foster  R. Snowball  M. J. Barbetti 《Plant pathology》2016,65(6):901-913

Subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum) is an important pasture legume in Australia (29 million ha) and elsewhere. However, severe pasture decline occurs in association with several root pathogens, including Aphanomyces trifolii, that has been misidentified for decades as A. euteiches until recently confirmed as A. trifolii. A series of controlled environment experiments was undertaken to identify host resistance to A. trifolii in subterranean clover and to compare virulence and phylogeny of isolates. In experiment 1, Dalkeith, Bacchus Marsh, Riverina and Yarloop were the most resistant of 38 cultivars with a percentage disease index (PDI) ≤10 for both tap and lateral roots. Experiment 2 confirmed resistance of Yarloop, but a change in some relative varietal resistances suggested physiological specialization among A. trifolii isolates. Experiment 3 confirmed extensive variation in virulence and physiological specialization across 23 isolates of A. trifolii, with three distinct clades, two of which were distinct from isolates collected previously. Experiment 4 identified host resistance(s) effective against a mixture of 20 A. trifolii isolates, but the most resistant cultivars (Antas, Uniwager, Leura) still showed significant disease. This is the first study to show physiological specialization in A. trifolii and to identify host resistance. This study defines A. trifolii as a significant but largely unknown contributor to severe root disease of subterranean clover in southern Australia. Finally, development and calibration of a new soil commercial DNA test not only enables field quantification of the disease, but development of appropriate breeding, selection and farm management strategies to reduce its impact.  相似文献   

Survey of quality defects in market beef and dairy cows and bulls sold through livestock auction markets in the Western United States: I. Incidence rates     

Ahola JK  Foster HA  Vanoverbeke DL  Jensen KS  Wilson RL  Glaze JB  Fife TE  Gray CW  Nash SA  Panting RR  Rimbey NR 《Journal of animal science》2011,89(5):1474-1483

A survey was conducted to quantify incidence of Beef Quality Assurance (BQA)-related defects in market beef and dairy cows and bulls selling at auction during 2 seasons in 2008. Twenty-three BQA-related traits were evaluated by 9 trained personnel during sales at 10 livestock auction markets in Idaho (n = 5; beef and dairy), California, (n = 4; dairy only), and Utah (n = 1; beef and dairy). Overall, 18,949 unique lots (8,213 beef cows, 1,036 beef bulls, 9,177 dairy cows, and 523 dairy bulls,) consisting of 23,479 animals (9,299 beef cows, 1,091 beef bulls, 12,429 dairy cows, and 660 dairy bulls) were evaluated during 125 sales (64 spring, 61 fall) for dairy and 79 sales (40 spring, 39 fall) for beef. The majority of market beef cows and bulls (60.9 and 71.3%, respectively) were predominantly black-hided, and the Holstein hide pattern was observed in 95.4 and 93.6% of market dairy cows and bulls, respectively. Market cattle weighed 548 ± 103.6 kg (beef cows), 751 ± 176.1 kg (beef bulls), 658 ± 129.7 kg (dairy cows), and 731 ± 150.8 kg (dairy bulls). Most beef cows (79.6%) weighed 455 to 726 kg, and most beef bulls (73.8%) weighed 545 to 954 kg, respectively. Among market beef cattle, 16.0% of cows and 14.5% of bulls weighed less than 455 and 545 kg, respectively, and 63.7% of dairy cows and 81.5% of dairy bulls weighed 545 to 817 kg or 545 to 954 kg, respectively. However, 19.5% of dairy cows and 13.1% of dairy bulls weighed less than 545 kg. Mean BCS for beef cattle (9-point scale) was 4.7 ± 1.2 (cows) and 5.3 ± 0.9 (bulls), and for dairy cattle (5-point scale) was 2.6 ± 0.8 (cows) and 2.9 ± 0.6 (bulls). Some 16.5% of beef cows and 4.1% of beef bulls had a BCS of 1 to 3, whereas 34.8% of dairy cows and 10.4% of dairy bulls had a BCS of 2 or less. Emaciation (beef BCS = 1, dairy BCS = 1.0) or near-emaciation (beef BCS = 2, dairy BCS = 1.5) was observed in 13.3% of dairy cows and 3.9% of beef cows. Among beef cattle, 15.1% of cows and 15.4% of bulls were considered lame. In contrast, 44.7% of dairy cows and 26.1% of dairy bulls were lame. Ocular neoplasia (cancer eye) was observed in only 0.6% of beef cows, 0.3% of beef bulls, 0.3% of dairy cows, and 0.0% of dairy bulls. However, among animals with ocular neoplasia, it was cancerous in 34.4% of beef bulls, 48.0% of dairy cows, and 73.3% of beef cows. In conclusion, numerous quality defects are present in market beef and dairy cattle selling at auction in the Western United States, which could influence their value at auction.  相似文献   

Quality defects in market beef and dairy cows and bulls sold through livestock auction markets in the Western United States: II. Relative effects on selling price     

Ahola JK  Foster HA  Vanoverbeke DL  Jensen KS  Wilson RL  Glaze JB  Fife TE  Gray CW  Nash SA  Panting RR  Rimbey NR 《Journal of animal science》2011,89(5):1484-1495

Relative effects of Beef Quality Assurance (BQA)-related defects in market beef and dairy cows and bulls on selling price at auction was evaluated during 2008. The presence and severity of 23 BQA-related traits were determined during sales in Idaho, California, and Utah. Overall, 18,949 unique lots consisting of 23,479 animals were assessed during 125 dairy sales and 79 beef sales. Mean sale price ± SD (per 45.5 kg) for market beef cows, beef bulls, dairy cows, and dairy bulls was $45.15 ± 9.42, $56.30 ± 9.21, $42.23 ± 12.26, and $55.10 ± 9.07, respectively. When combined, all recorded traits explained 36% of the variation in selling price in beef cows, 35% in beef bulls, 61% in dairy cows, and 56% in dairy bulls. Premiums and discounts were determined in comparison with a "par" or "base" animal. Compared with a base BCS 5 beef cow (on a 9-point beef scale), BCS 1 to 4 cows were discounted (P < 0.0001), whereas premiums (P < 0.05) were estimated for BCS 6 to 8. Compared with a base BCS 3.0 dairy cow (on a 5-point dairy scale), more body condition resulted in a premium (P ≤ 0.001), whereas a less-than-desirable BCS of 2.0 or 2.5 was discounted (P < 0.0001). Emaciated or near-emaciated cows (beef BCS 1 or 2; dairy BCS 1.0 or 1.5) were discounted (P < 0.0001). Compared with base cows weighing 545 to 635 kg, lighter BW beef cows were discounted (P < 0.0001), whereas heavier beef cows received (P < 0.05) a premium. Compared with a base dairy cow weighing 636 to 727 kg, lighter BW cows were discounted (P < 0.0001), whereas heavier cows (727 to 909 kg) received a premium (P < 0.01). Beef and dairy cows with any evidence of lameness were discounted (P < 0.0001). Presence of ocular neoplasia in the precancerous stage discounted (P = 0.05) beef cows and discounted (P < 0.01) dairy cows, whereas at the cancerous stage, it discounted (P < 0.0001) all cows. Hide color influenced (P < 0.0001) selling price in beef cattle but had no effect (P = 0.17) in dairy cows. Animals that were visibly sick were discounted (P < 0.0001). Results suggest that improving BCS and BW, which producers can do at the farm or ranch level, positively affects sale price. Furthermore, animals that are visibly sick or have a defect associated with a possible antibiotic risk will be discounted. Ultimately, animals with minor quality defects should be sold in a timely manner before the defect advances and the discount increases.  相似文献   

YIELD AND MINERAL CONCENTRATIONS OF SOUTHEASTERN UNITED STATES OAT CULTIVARS USED FOR FORAGE     

C. L. Mackowiak  R. O. Myer  A. R. Blount  J. L. Foster  R. D. Barnett 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(12):1828-1842

A shift in oat (Avena sativa L.) production from grain to forage (hay and grazing) is occurring in the southeastern USA. However, most available cultivars were developed for improved grain production, rather than forage yield. We field tested several standard and new oat releases over 2 years, using repeated clippings to determine forage yield, nutrient uptake, and the potential to match plant nutrients with cattle mineral dietary needs. There were no differences in total annual forage yield among the tested cultivars within years but there was a difference between years. Forage tissue phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), and calcium (Ca) were sufficient, potassium (K), sulfur (S), and manganese (Mn) were excessive, and iron (Fe), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) were occasionally or frequently deficient to meet daily cattle dietary mineral needs. Sulfur, Cu, Fe, Zn, and Mn may be the most challenging to regulate in U.S. Coastal Plain soils at concentrations that satisfy both, oat and cattle nutritional requirements.  相似文献