Vascularized Patellar Tendon Graft Technique for Cranial Cruciate Ligament Substitution in the Dog—Vascular Evaluation     

R. J. BOUDRIEAU dvm  R. E. KADERLY DVM  MS    S. P. ARNOCZKY DVM  DiplomateACVs    R. B. HOHN DVM  MS  DipiomateACVs  M. L. OLMSTEAD dvm  MS  DiplomateACVs 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1985,14(3):196-203

A method of repair of the dog's cranial cruciate ligament, using a vascular patellar tendon* graft (VPT), is described. The vascular anatomy of the graft was evaluated in an experimental study in 18 dogs. The blood supply to the VPTs was evaluated at various intervals from 0 to 16 weeks and was found to be preserved in all but two of the specimens examined. It was concluded that the VPT technique could maintain vascularity to the graft from the onset.  相似文献   

Lower Extremity Amputation and Application of a Prosthetic Device in a 1-Month-Old Calf     

J. A. ORSINI dvm  ANGELINE WARNER dvm  SUSAN DYSON BA  VetMB  DAVID NUNAMAKER VMD  DiplomateACVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1985,14(4):307-309

During correction of a dystocia, a fracture occurred involving the right third and fourth metacarpus of a calf. Application of a plaster cast resulted in devitalization of the limb. The distal limb was amputated, and a prosthetic device capable of periodic lengthening was fitted. The calf was able to walk well 1 month following surgery.  相似文献   

The Surgical Anatomy of the Canine Sacrum for Lag Screw Fixation of the Sacroiliac Joint     

CHARLES E. DECAMP dvm  MS TEBRANCE D. BRADEN DVM  MS  DiplomateACVs 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1985,14(2):131-134

One hundred canine sacral bone specimens were examined to identify surgical landmarks that may improve screw placement in sacroiliac repair. A lateral view of the sacral wing was studied, as this structure is most easily identified in the dorsal approach used for sacroiliac repair. The height and length of each sacral wing were measured. Four other features of the canine sacrum were identified and measured in comparison with the sacral wing height and length. The cranial overlap of the sacral wing over the intervertebral space of L₇-S₁ was found to have a mean of 14% of the length of the sacral wing. The ventral overlap of the sacral wing over the pelvic canal was found to be 21% of the height of the sacral wing. The ventral limit of the spinal canal (dorsal limit of the sacral body) was 45% of the sacral wing height. The first pelvic foramen was located at a mean distance of 64% of the sacral wing length and 20% of the sacral wing height. Using these four features, a composite view of the sacral wing is described to illustrate the area of the sacral body where screw placement is optimal.  相似文献   

Risk factors for culling and deaths in eight dairy herds     

MA STEVENSON  IJ LEAN 《Australian veterinary journal》1998,76(7):489-494

Objectives To identify risk factors for culling of dairy cows from eight New South Wales dairy herds.
Design A longitudinal population study of dairy cow culling in eight non-seasonally calving dairy herds in the Camden district of New South Wales. Cox's proportional hazards model was used to evaluate various risk factors for culling for a specific reason (sales, deaths, reproductive failure, disorders of the udder and low milk production).
Results Age at first calving was not a significant risk factor for culling. Milk production in the first lactation greater than the population mean did not influence length of productive life overall, but was associated with a greater hazard of removal for disorders of the udder. Risk of culling for reproductive failure differed significantly between farms, and was not related to events in the previous lactation such as calving-to-first service interval or calving-to-conception interval. Shorter calving intervals were associated with increased risk of removal for low milk production and disorders of the udder.
Conclusion Longitudinal surveys to accurately identify reasons for removal from a wide range of herds, identification of herds with low culling rates (especially for reproductive failure and udder disorders), and the identification of practices associated with these culling rates would be worthwhile to the Australian dairy industry.  相似文献   

An expert system for diagnosis of post-harvest potato diseases1     

S. S. ADAMS  W. R. STEVENSON  P. DELHOTAL  J. FAYET 《EPPO Bulletin》1990,20(2):341-347

The Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA, France) has developed a LISP-based computer program for diagnosis of post-harvest potato problems (diseases, insect/nematode damage, and environmental/physiological disorders) which has been modified for use in USA production areas. This expert system simulates the behavior of a diagnostic consultant in interaction with a user. The system is composed of a knowledge base (called TUBERS) and an expert system shell (called MIRA). TUBERS contains the collective diagnostic expertise (encoded in the form of if -then rules) of interviewed specialists in plant pathology, entomology, and agronomy. MIRA performs the reasoning and problem-solving tasks (including searching TUBERS for applicable rules) while directing questions and issuing diagnostic reports to the user. The user simply responds to system questions with ‘yes’/‘no’/‘I don't know’ or any number of multiple choice responses. The expert system currently considers 35 disorders and we have verified that it accurately diagnoses each of those disorders when supplied with an appropriate series of user responses to system questions about observable symptoms. The system operates under MS-DOS on IBM PC/AT/XT compatible machines fitted with an add-on CL 1000 memory board and under Xenix-SCO on most 80286 and 80386-based microcomputers.  相似文献   

Redefining “Offshore” in Latin America     

SHARON C. COBB 《Growth and change》2009,40(2):332-356

Offshoring and outsourcing are two terms—often used interchangeably—that comprise an essential element of the modern post‐industrial global economy. Analysis of this phenomenon in the United States is often framed in the light of job loss and economic decline relating to the manufacturing or low‐end services sectors, but this paper will revisit the traditional offshore industry—that of offshore finance and offshore financial centers (OFCs) and compare OFC offshoring with traditional offshoring in Latin America. This paper argues that some similarities are evident when comparing OFC offshoring with traditional offshoring but many differences exist. Using the framework or “lens” of politics certain OFC offshoring issues and tensions with the onshore world relating to unfair tax competition, money laundering, sovereignty, secrecy, regulation, trust, and reputation are analyzed and are shown to be more onerous, tense and different from those occurring in the mainstream offshoring/outsourcing world. In addition, using the “lens” of cyberspace and e‐commerce, and a case study of the Cayman Islands and the Bahamas, this paper argues that the creation of an electronic infrastructure in the OFC offshoring world is as necessary as in the onshore world, but the actors and institutions creating and promoting such infrastructures are different. Future work could pursue more reputable and comparative data gathering to further more rigorous statistical modeling of the relationships both between OFCs as they compete for offshore capital, and between offshore and onshore as the onshore world seeks to further lift the veil of offshore financial opacity, particularly related to issues of money laundering.  相似文献   

Triclabendazole in the treatment of Fasciola gigantica infection in swamp buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)     

SE ESTUNINGSIH  P STEVENSON  BERIAJAYA  MR KNOX 《Australian veterinary journal》1990,67(6):234-235

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Urinary Incontinence after Surgical Repair of Ureteral Ectopia in Dogs     

RON McLAUGHLIN Jr.  DVM CRAIG W. MILLER dvm  mvsc  Diplomate acvs 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1991,20(2):100-103

Eleven of 20 dogs (55%) were incontinent after surgical treatment of ureteral ectopia. Ureterocystostomy was performed in 15 dogs, ureteral transection and bladder reimplantation in four dogs, and ureteronephrectomy in one dog. Siberian huskies had a significantly higher rate of persistent postoperative incontinence than other breeds. There was no difference in postoperative incontinence between dogs with unilateral and bilateral ectopia. Concurrent bacterial cystitis was not associated with persistent postoperative incontinence. Age at the time of surgical correction had no effect on the rate of postoperative incontinence. Eight incontinent dogs were treated medically; three are continent with medication, three are improved but still incontinent, and two did not improve.  相似文献   

Pulsed Carbon Dioxide Laser for Cartilage Vaporization and Subchondral Bone Perforation in Horses Part I: Technique and Clinical Results     

JEROME E. ROTH dvm  ALAN J. NIXON bvsc  ms  Diplomate acvs  VALERIE A. GANTZ dvm  DENNIS MEYER dvm  PhD HUSSNI MOHAMMED bvsc  PhD 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1991,20(3):190-199

A carbon dioxide laser, used in a rapidly pulsed mode, was evaluated for intra-articular use in horses. Under arthroscopic guidance, a lensed 5 mm laser probe attached directly to a hand-held carbon dioxide laser was inserted into one intercarpal joint of eight horses. In four horses, a cartilage crater 1 cm in diameter was created to the level of the subchondral bone of the articular surface of the third carpal bone. In four horses, the laser was directed perpendicular to the articular surface of the third carpal bone and activated to penetrate the cartilage and subchondral bone. The intercarpal joint of the opposite carpus in each horse was subjected to arthroscopic examination and insertion of the laser probe for an equivalent time. The laser was not activated and these joints served as sham operated controls. The horses were evaluated clinically for 8 weeks, then euthanatized, and the joints were examined radiographically, grossly, and histologically. Pulsed carbon dioxide laser vaporized cartilage readily but penetrated bone poorly. Cartilage vaporization resulted in no greater swelling, heat, pain on flexion, lameness, or synovial fluid reaction than the sham procedure. Laser drilling resulted in a shallow, charred hole with a tenacious carbon residue, and in combination with the thermal damage to deeper bone, resulted in increased swelling, mild lameness and a low-grade, but persistent synovitis. The carbon dioxide laser is a useful intra-articular instrument for removal of cartilage and has potential application in inaccessible regions of diarthrodial joints. It does not penetrate bone sufficiently to have application in subchondral drilling.  相似文献   

Subtotal Colectomy for the Treatment of Obstipation Secondary to Pelvic Fracture Malunion in Cats     

DAVID T. MATTHIESEN dvm  Diplomate acvs  THOMAS D. SCAVELLI dvm  Diplomate acvs WAYNE O. WHITNEY dvm  Diplomate acvs 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1991,20(2):113-117

Eleven cats in which subtotal colectomy with end-to-end jejunocolostomy was performed for the treatment of chronic obstipation secondary to pelvic fracture malunion were followed for at least 18 months. Seven cats had no recurrence of clinical signs and no longterm complications. In two cats, constipation was less severe and occurred less frequently; however, medical treatment was still required. In one cat, watery diarrhea gradually changed to semiformed feces of normal consistency by month 6; the cat was clinically normal at month 18. One cat had recurrence of constipation and was euthanatized after 2 years of medical treatment.  相似文献