Arthroscopic Approach and Intra-Articular Anatomy of the Plantar Pouch of the Equine Tarsocrural Joint     

DAVID T. ZAMOS vmd    CLIFFORD M. HONNAS dvm  Diplomate acvs  ANTON G. HOFFMAN dvm  PhD 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1994,23(3):161-166

Arthroscopic examination of structures within the plantar pouch of the tarsocrural joint was accomplished via portals in both the plantaromedial and plantarolateral aspects of the joint. Flexion and extension of the tarsus while examining the joint through either portal allowed observation of the proximal and plantar aspects of the lateral and medial trochlear ridges, the trochlear groove, the caudal aspect of the distal tibia, and the deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT) in its sheath. From a plantarolateral portal, the plantar talocalcaneal ligament and the plantar aspect of the lateral malleolus could be observed. The caudal aspect of the medial malleolus could not be observed with flexion or extension of the joint from a plantaromedial portal, but in some horses, the caudal aspect of the lateral malleolus could be observed. The dorsolateral and dorsomedial aspects of the plantar pouch were best examined from a portal on the ipsilateral side of the joint. An instrument portal opposite either arthroscope portal allowed access to most regions of the joint except the abaxial surface of the trochlear ridge opposite the instrument.  相似文献   

Evaluation of Canine-Derived Fibrin Sealant as a Hemostatic Agent   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

LYNN G. WHEATON DVM  Diplomate acvs    RANDY M. GREENSHIELDS dvm    KENNETH MEYERS PhD    K. JANE WARDROP dvm  MS  MICHAEL MOORE DVM  MS  Diplomate ACVIM 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1994,23(5):358-364

The purpose of this study was to determine whether canine-derived fibrinogen concentrate applied with bovine thrombin was a safe and effective topical hemostatic agent. A canine liver biopsy model was selected to test this product. Cryoprecipitate was prepared from frozen canine plasma using two freeze/thaw/centrifugation cycles. Six healthy adult dogs (weighing more than 18 kg) were used in the fibrin sealant study, and an additional three dogs were used as controls for the liver biopsy. A 1 × 3 cm liver biopsy specimen was obtained, digital pressure was applied to reduce bleeding, and the fibrinogen concentrate was immediately sprayed on the bleeding surface simultaneously with bovine thrombin (1,000 IU/mL). The mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM) blood pressure at time of biopsy was 98 ± 9 mm Hg, and the rate of hemorrhage from the cut liver edge was 8.0 ± 1.1 mL/min. The total blood loss during fibrin sealant application was 37 ± 9 mL and total time for hemostasis was 5.5± 1.3 minutes. There was no additional hemorrhage after application of the fibrin sealant. In the three control dogs, fibrin sealant was not applied and only digital compression was used to decrease hemorrhage. Before digital compression, the rate of hemorrhage from the cut liver edge was 13.1 ±3.1 mL/min. Bleeding had not stopped after 10 minutes of compression and the mean postcompression rate of hemorrhage was 4.0 ± 2.6 mL/min. Signs of secondary bleeding after fibrin sealant was applied were not evident during the immediate postoperative period or over the next 14 days. The coagulation profile, alanine amino transferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (AP), and bile acids were not significantly different on day 14 from preoperative values, suggesting that the liver was only mildly affected. The dogs were euthanatized and gross and histological examinations of the biopsy site were performed on day 14. There were minimal or no adhesions at the biopsy site. In all dogs, the hepatic capsule was less than 1 mm thick and histological signs of secondary bleeding, hepatocellular damage, thrombosis, infection, or inflammation were not observed. In this study, canine-derived fibrin sealant was a safe and effective topical hemostatic agent.  相似文献   

Osteoarticular Allogeneic Bone Grafting in Dogs     

MELVIN L. HELPHREY D.V.M.  SHARON STEVENSON D.V.M.  † 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1980,9(3):83-87

A review of the clinical and pathologic evaluation of allogeneic bone grafts is presented with particular emphasis upon partial joint replacement. The histologic evaluation of cortical bone transplantation is reviewed. Radiographic evaluation of cortical bone transplants is presented in an attempt to understand the normal events that take place in incorporation of the graft by the host. The histologic and radiographic correlation is related to the healing process. Current methods of graft collection and storage are reviewed. While collection of the graft is fairly uniform, there are many varied treatment and storage procedures. General surgical procedures used in performing full cortical bone grafts are reviewed. The clinical use of an osteoarticular allogeneic bone graft in the elbow of a dog is presented, with a review of the operative and postoperative evaluation of the clinical patient.  相似文献   

Clinical Evaluation of Canine Acetabular Fractures Stabilized with an Acetabular Plate     

L. W. ANSON dvm    D. J. DeYOUNG dvm  Diplomateacvs    D. C. RICHARDSON dvm  Diplomateacvs  C. W. BETTS dvm  Diplomateacvs 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1988,17(4):220-225

A retrospective study of 14 dogs with one or more acetabular fractures stabilized with an acetabular plate was conducted. Twelve of the 14 dogs had additional orthopedic injuries. Follow-up was longer than 6 months. Eleven dogs were evaluated by assessment of radiographs, lameness, mid-thigh circumference, coxofemoral joint range of motion, crepitus, and pain. Varying degrees of osteoarthrosis were noted radiographically at follow-up. Ten of 12 dogs examined had occasional or no clinical lameness. In 10 of 12 dogs, mid-thigh circumference was less on the limb that sustained the acetabular fracture. Nonunion was diagnosed in one plated acetabulum in which two screws had broken. A return to normal or nearly normal function was observed when there were no more than two orthopedic injuries.  相似文献   

Magnetic Motor Evoked Potentials for Assessing Spinal Cord Integrity in Dogs with Intervertebral Disc Disease     

ANNE M. SYLVESTRE dvm  dvsc  JOANNE R. COCKSHUTT dvm  dipiomate acvs  JOANE M. PARENT dvm  mvsc  dipiomate acvim  JOHN D. BROOKE phd  DAVID L. HOLMBERG dvm  mvsc  dipiomate acvs  GARY D. PARTLOW phd 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1993,22(1):5-10

Magnetically elicited transcranial motor evoked potentials (MEPs) were studied in 37 dogs with type 1 intervertebral disc (IVD) disease. The waveforms were recorded from both cranial tibial muscles before and after surgery. The latencies and amplitudes obtained were compared to those of a control population (n = 14). MEPs were recordable in all dogs with mild or no neurologic deficits, but they were recordable in only 50% of ambulatory dogs that were severely ataxic. MEPs could not be elicited from nonambulatory dogs. There was a significant attenuation of the amplitudes in all clinical cases, even if the dogs demonstrated back pain alone. Significantly prolonged latencies were associated with neurologic deficits. MEPs were not good predictors of neurologic recovery. The responses obtained from the side where the disc material was found were not different from those recorded from the opposite side. MEPs were very sensitive to lesions of the spinal cord, as indicated by the significant changes in the waves in patients with mild or no neurologic deficits and in the loss of response in dogs that still demonstrated purposeful movement. Neurologic exams provided more accurate diagnoses and prognoses than did MEPs in dogs with IVD disease.  相似文献   

Arteriovenous Fistulas as an Aid in Blood Collection from Canine Blood Donors     

LYNN G. WHEATON dvm  diplomateacvs WILLIE M. REED dvm  phd  diplomateacvp 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1985,14(1):7-14

To facilitate blood collection from blood donor dogs, arteriovenous fistulas were established between the common carotid arteries and external jugular veins in five adult dogs. Twelve to 16 mm, side-to-side anastomoses were created using simple interrupted 6–0 polypropylene sutures. Starting 1 month after the surgical procedure, 500 ml of blood was collected from each dog as required. Electrocardiography, thoracic radiography, and cardiac output and rate were used to monitor cardiac changes. Blood flow characteristics, and proliferative and dystrophic cellular changes occurring in the vessels were documented in one dog.
The mean blood collection times were 2 minutes and 45 seconds from the fistula site and 9.0 minutes from the opposite jugular vein. Ventricular hypertrophy and myocardial changes were observed on electrocardiogram in two dogs, and radiographic evidence of pulmonary hypertension was noted in three dogs. Reversed blood flow was documented in the common carotid artery and external jugular vein distal to the arteriovenous fistula. Four dogs were still in use as blood donors 1 to 1 1/2 years after establishment of the fistulas. Clinical signs of congestive heart failure were not observed.  相似文献   

Relationship of Femoral Intramedullary Pins to the Sciatic Nerve and Gluteal Muscles after Retrograde and Normograde Insertion   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

ROSS H. PALMER dvm  DENNIS N. ARON dvm  Diplomateacvs PAUL T. PURINTON dvm  PhD 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1988,17(2):65-70

An anatomic analysis of retrograde and normograde intramedullary (IM) pinning of proximal, midshaft, and distal femoral fractures was performed in 28 canine cadavers. For all fracture locations, normograde pins were significantly more cranial in the middle gluteal muscle than retrograde pins (p less than 0.01). There was no significant difference between pinning techniques in craniocaudal position of the IM pin in the superficial gluteal muscle. In distal fractures, normograde pins were placed significantly more lateral than retrograde pins in the superficial gluteal muscle (p less than 0.01). One of 15 normograde pins and 9 of 13 retrograde pins were located in the medial half of the trochanteric fossa. Normograde pins were significantly more lateral in the trochanteric fossa than were retrograde pins in midshaft fractures (p less than 0.01). Normograde pins were significantly (p less than 0.01) farther from the sciatic nerve than retrograde pins when the hip was positioned at coxofemoral flexion angles of 85 degrees in midshaft and 110 degrees in distal fractures. Seven of 13 retrograde pins, but none of 15 normograde pins, contacted the sciatic nerve. Normograde pinning of the femur may be less likely to induce sciatic nerve injury, particularly in midshaft and distal fractures.  相似文献   

Chlorhexidine Diacetate and Povidone-iodine Cytotoxicity to Canine Embryonic Fibroblasts and Staphylococcus aureus     

ISIS R. SANCHEZ dvm  ms    KENNETH E. NUSBAUM dvm  PhD    STEVEN F. SWAIM dvm  ms    ANNE S. HALE dvm    RALPH A. HENDERSON dvm  ms  Diplomateacvs  JOHN A. McGUIRE PhD 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1988,17(4):182-185

Chlorhexidine diacetate and povidone-iodine were evaluated for fibroblast toxicity on a primary line of canine embryonic fibroblasts, and for bactericidal efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus. The cultured fibroblasts or S. aureus were exposed for 30 minutes to incremental dilutions of 0.5 and 0.0005% chlorhexidine diacetate, 5.0 to 0.05% povidone-iodine, or physiologic buffered saline as a control. To determine survival, fibroblasts were trypsinized and counted; S. aureus colonies were counted on brain-heart infusion agar. Survival for both groups was expressed by calculating the number of living cells in test dilutions as a percentage of the number in control cultures. Fibroblast survival occurred at chlorhexidine concentrations less than 0.013% and at povidone-iodine concentrations less than 0.5% (p less than 0.05). Significant S. aureus survival (p less than 0.05) was noted at chlorhexidine concentrations less than 0.05% and povidone-iodine concentrations less than 1.0%. These data showed that all bactericidal concentrations of chlorhexidine diacetate and povidone-iodine were lethal to canine embryonic fibroblasts in vitro, whereas non-lethal concentrations allowed significant bacterial survival.  相似文献   

Crosspin Fixation of Fractures of the Proximal Tibia in Three Foals     

J. P. WATKINS dvm  MS  J. A. AUER DrMedVet  MS  DiplomateACVS  T. S. TAYLOR dvm  MS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1985,14(2):153-159

Three foals, each less than 1 month of age, were presented with Salter Type II fractures of the proximal tibial physis. Reduction of the fractures was accomplished manually and maintained by crosspin fixation. Fracture healing in two of the foals was uncomplicated. The third foal developed an infection around the implants, which responded to periodic local antiseptic flushing and administration of penicillin and gentamicin. Follow-up information ranging from 11 to 22 months after surgery revealed satisfactory results in two of three foals; premature closure of the proximal tibial physis was found in the other foal, resulting in the development of an angular limb deformity.  相似文献   

Total Ear Canal Ablation Combined with Lateral Bulla Osteotomy for End-Stage Otitis in Dogs Results in Thirty Dogs     

L. KAY MASON dvm    COLIN E. HARVEY frcvs  Diplomateacvs  ROBERT J. ORSHER vmd  Diplomateacvs 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1988,17(5):263-268

Thirty dogs with end-stage otitis were treated by either unilateral or bilateral total ear canal ablation and lateral bulla osteotomy. Otitis was considered end stage when the horizontal ear canal was collapsed, stenotic, or occluded in conjunction with chronic infection of the external and middle ear. The dogs were evaluated clinically and radiographically for 4 to 63 months. The frequency of scratching, head shaking, aural drainage, and para-aural fistulation was significantly decreased. Abnormal ear carriage and head tilt were not changed. The results in 23 dogs were graded as excellent or improved. One dog died of intraoperative hemorrhage. Complications during the period from suture removal to follow-up included para-aural fistulation (3 dogs), facial nerve paralysis (5 dogs), and head tilt (3 dogs).  相似文献