Rectal and Colonic Injury in the Llama Anatomic Considerations and Surgical Management in Four Llamas     

WILLIAM C. STONE dvm    WILLIAM A. LINDSAY DVM  Dipiomate ACVS    GREGG P. ADAMS dvm  PhD  Dipiomate ACT    ELIZABETH J. GALBREATH DVM  DALE E. BJORLING dvm  Dipiomate acvs 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1993,22(1):62-66

Transrectal palpation in llamas can result in iatrogenic rectal and colonic injury. The purpose of this report is to define the caudal extent of the peritoneal cavity in llamas and to describe the surgical management of rectal or colonic injuries in four llamas. Measurements were made of six adult llamas during necropsy. The mean distance from the peritoneal reflection to the anus was 3.9 ± 0.1 cm (3.4 - 4.3 cm). Four llamas were examined for rectal or colonic perforations. One laceration was of partial thickness and three lacerations were of full thickness. Two of the defects were repaired by a transanal approach and two by celiotomy to facilitate removal of fecal debris and abdominal lavage. Successful repair of the rectal or colonic tears was achieved in all four llamas. Wound infection and incisional hernia occurred in both llamas that underwent celiotomy. Two llamas died 3 and 18 months later, and two llamas have survived 2 years. Rectal tears in llamas are accompanied by a high risk of peritoneal contamination, and primary closure is recommended. If fecal contamination of the abdomen has occurred, celiotomy is indicated to allow mechanical removal of fecal debris and peritoneal lavage.  相似文献   

Arterial Grafting in the Horse An Experimental Study     

TRACY A. TURNER dvm  ms 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1985,14(1):15-20

The feasibility of repairing an arterial defect with a graft was evaluated in the horse. Arterial autografts, venous autografts, and expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) vascular prostheses were used. Four 3 cm grafts of each type were used to replace a 3 cm section of medial palmar artery that had been removed from 12 forelimbs of 11 horses. Patency was assessed by arteriography performed 30 days after the grafting procedure. All four arterial autografts, one of four venous autografts, and two of four PTFE grafts were patent at 30 days. Thrombosis caused the failure of one venous autograft and two PTFE grafts. Fibrous replacement caused the failure of two venous autografts. Results indicate that arterial grafting is feasible in the horse.  相似文献   

Repair of Facial Defects with Periosteal Flaps in Two Horses     

JAMES SCHUMACHER dvm  MS  JOERG A. AUER DrMedVet  MS  DiplomateACVS  LARRY SHAMIS DVM 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1985,14(3):235-239

Facial defects that extended into the sinuses of two horses were repaired by using adjacent periosteum to cover the defects, using either a single flap or double flap technique. Acceptable cosmetic appearance was restored in both horses. Resistance to penetration of a needle and ultrasonic scanning demonstrated bony bridging in one horse.  相似文献   

Histologic Evaluation of Response to Implantation of Polyvinilidine Plates in Dogs and Rats     

CAROL A. SWAIN bs    GAIL A. RIBBLE ba  JAMES W. WILSON dvm  ms  Diplomateacvs 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1988,17(5):278-281

The effect of implantation of polyvinilidine spinal plates was studied when placed on spinous processes of 11 mixed breed dogs and when placed within the thoracolumbar musculature of 12 male white rats. Specimens were also obtained from soft tissues adjacent to polyvinilidine plates 2 to 3 months after clinical surgery to repair spinal subluxations in three dogs. A similar pattern of dense, organized fibrous tissue interspersed with focal congregations of lymphocytes, plasma cells, and multinucleated giant cells was observed in the dog experiment, rat experiment, and in all clinical cases. Birefringent debris with polarization patterns identical to small slivers of polyvinilidine was associated with the observed reactions. It would appear that either a chemical or physical characteristic of the plates elicited this foreign body reaction. Grooving the inner surface of the plates, which is performed to increase the friction grip when applied to spinous processes, may make the surface texture of the plate more reactive or it may predispose the surface of the plate to minute fragmentation ("wear products").  相似文献   

Risk Factors for Tibial Tuberosity Fracture after Tibial Plateau Leveling Osteotomy in Dogs     

RANDY J. BOUDRIEAU dvm  Diplomate acvs & ecvs  MICHAEL P. KOWALESKI  Diplomate acvs   《Veterinary surgery : VS》2009,38(3):426-426

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Removal of Five Canine Cardiac Tumors Using a Stapling Instrument   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

PEGGY M. WYKES dvm  ms  GLEN P. ROUSE dvm  E. CHRISTOPHER ORTON dvm  ms 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1986,15(1):103-106

Cardiac tumors in five dogs, including four right atrial appendage hemangiosarcomas and one heartbase chemodectoma, were removed, and the excisional edges were closed with a thoracic-abdominal (TA) stapling instrument. All five dogs recovered from surgery and were discharged from the hospital within 4 days. The four dogs with atrial appendage hemangiosarcomas developed extensive metastasis, although no evidence of tumor recurrence was found at the surgical site in two dogs that were necropsied. The dog with a chemodectoma was alive with no clinical or radiographic evidence of recurrence or metastasis 17 months following surgery.  相似文献   

Endoscopic Examination and Treatment of Paranasal Sinus Disease in 16 Horses   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

ALAN J. RUGGLES DVM  Diplomate ACVS    MICHAEL W. ROSS dvm  Diplomate ACVS  DAVID E. FREEMAN MVB  PhD  Diplomate ACVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1993,22(6):508-514

Sixteen horses with suspected paranasal sinus disease had endoscopic examination of the paranasal sinuses with a 4.0 mm arthroscope either while standing and sedated (14 horses) or under general anesthesia (two horses). Endoscopic diagnosis included sinusitis (four horses), sinus cyst (three horses), hemorrhage (three horses), neoplasia (three horses), and tooth root abnormalities (two horses). No abnormalities were detected in one horse. Endoscopic findings concurred with the radiographic findings in 13 horses (81%). Samples of sinus contents for bacteriologic (eight horses) and histologic examinations (five horses) were obtained using sinus endoscopy. Diagnostic sinus endoscopy was combined with debridement, lavage, and suction as a therapeutic technique in 10 horses. In three horses, sinus exploration was performed after diagnostic endoscopy confirmed sinus disease, whereas in three horses, further therapy was not recommended after sinus endoscopy. Clinical signs of sinus disease resolved in 11 horses (69%) overall and in eight of 10 horses (80%) with sinusitis, cyst formation, or hemorrhage using endoscopic techniques alone. Mild, local subcutaneous emphysema occurred at the portal sites in all horses, but healing occurred without additional complications, latrogenic damage to sinus structures occurred in one horse. Sinus endoscopy was useful in the diagnosis and management of paranasal sinus disease and avoided the need for exploratory sinusotomy in some horses.  相似文献   

Bacterial Isolates from Blood Cultures of Dogs Undergoing Dentistry     

JOSEPH HARARI MS  dvm  dipiomate acvs  THOMAS E. BESSER dvm  phd  diplomate acvm  SCOTT B. GUSTAFSON dvm  ms  dipiomate acvs  KATRINA MEINKOTH dvm 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1993,22(1):27-30

Bacteria in blood cultures in 30 dogs undergoing high-speed dental scaling and tooth extraction were examined. One or more positive blood cultures were identified in 9 of 30 (30%) dogs. Pasteurella spp. were most frequently (5 dogs) isolated and were sensitive to ampicillin, penicillin, cephalothin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, amoxicillin with clavulanic acid, and sul-famethoxazole with trimethoprim. Twg groups of 15 dogs each, anesthetized or sedated but not undergoing dental procedures, served as non-dentistry controls. There were no significant (p < .05) differences between the number of positive cultures in dentistry and non-dentistry groups. In healthy dogs undergoing high-speed dental scaling and tooth extraction, the occurrence of bacteria in blood cultures was much lower than previously reported. The clinical significance of positive blood cultures was uncertain.  相似文献   

Effect of Fixation Pin Insertion on the Bone-Pin Interface     

ERICK L. EGGER dvm  Dipiomateavcs  MICHAEL B. HISTAND ms  PhD  CHARLES E. BLASS dvm  ms. BARBARA E. POWERS dvm  ms 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1986,15(3):246-252

Smooth and partially threaded 3.12 mm (1/8 inch) trochar-tipped Steinmann pins were inserted transversely through both diaphyseal cortices of eight mature canine tibias using five methods. Angular velocity (revolutions per minute) during insertion and temperature elevation due to friction during penetration of the second cortex were recorded. The force required for extraction of the pins from the bone and the histologic appearance of the bone-pin interface were determined for one-half of the pins 2 days after insertion and for one-half of the pins 56 days after insertion. The increase in temperature was similar for all methods of insertion except high speed power, which was significantly greater (p < 0.05). The force required for axial pin extraction was similar for pins inserted by hand chuck, predrilled, and low speed power methods after both 2 and 56 days. Pins inserted by high speed power and hand drill required force similar to the others for extraction after 2 days but significantly less force (p < 0.05) for extraction after 56 days. The partially threaded pins required significantly greater force (p < 0.01) extraction after both 2 and 56 days. Histologic examination revealed increased mechanical bone damage surrounding hand chuck inserted pins, increased bone necrosis surrounding high speed power inserted pins, and increased inflammatory changes surrounding hand drill inserted pins.  相似文献   

Cryosurgical Epiphysiodesis in the Dog     

B. A. KRAMEK dvm  L. J. WALLACE dvm  ms  Dipiomateacvs  J. A. DOWDLE md  D. M. BARNES dvm  PhD  Diplomateacvp 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1986,15(1):79-84

Transphyseal freezing of the canine distal femur was evaluated to determine its effect on physeal growth and closure. A specially designed cryoprobe was used to freeze the distal right femoral physis in 17 immature dogs. The left distal femoral physis was sham operated to serve as a control. Dogs were radiographed weekly and euthanized from 2 days to 8 weeks following surgery. The rate of long bone growth decreased in all dogs, and the physis was closed at 6 to 8 weeks.
Histologic studies on the distal femoral physes revealed that immediately after freezing, there was extensive hemorrhage in the epiphysis and metaphysis with disruption of the physis. Inflammation and death of the physeal cartilage followed. Blood vessels invaded the physis, and eventually bone was formed between the epiphysis and metaphysis, resulting in complete and premature physeal closure.  相似文献