A comparison of different vitrification devices and the effect of blastocoele collapse on the cryosurvival of in vitro produced porcine embryos     

Louise Katherine BARTOLAC  Jenna Louise LOWE  George KOUSTAS  Cecilia SJ?BLOM  Christopher Gerald GRUPEN 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2015,61(6):525-531

The aim of this study was to determine the optimum conditions for vitrifying in vitro produced day 7 porcine embryos using different vitrification devices and blastocoele collapse methods. Firstly embryos were collapsed by micro-pipetting, needle puncture and sucrose with and without conducting vitrification. In the next experiment, non-collapsed embryos were vitrified in an open device using either superfine open-pulled straws (SOPS) or the CryoLoop^TM system, or vitrified in a closed device using either the CryoTip^TM or Cryo Bio^TM’s high security vitrification system (HSV). The post-thaw survival of embryos vitrified in the open devices did not differ significantly (SOPS: 37.3%; CryoLoop^TM: 37.3%) nor did the post-thaw survival of embryos vitrified in the closed devices (CryoTip™: 38.5%; HSV: 42.5%). The re-expansion rate of embryos that were collapsed via micro-pipetting (76.0%) did not differ from those that were punctured (75.0%) or collapsed via sucrose (79.6%) when vitrification was not performed. However, embryos collapsed via sucrose solutions (24.5%) and needle puncture (16.0%) prior to vitrification were significantly less likely to survive vitrification than the control (non-collapsed) embryos (53.6%, P < 0.05). The findings show that both open and closed vitrification devices were equally effective for the vitrification of porcine blastocysts. Collapsing blastocysts prior to vitrification did not improve survival, which is inconsistent with the findings of studies in other species. This may be due to the extremely sensitive nature of porcine embryos, and/or the invasiveness of the collapsing procedures.  相似文献   

Deaths in racing greyhounds     

Bentall H 《The Veterinary record》2008,162(8):254-255

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The structure and regulation of the Irish equine industries: Links to considerations of equine welfare     

Collins J  Hanlon A  More S  Duggan V 《Irish veterinary journal》2008,61(11):746-756

The equine industries in Ireland are vibrant and growing. They are broadly classified into two sectors: Thoroughbred racing, and sports and leisure. This paper describes these sectors in terms of governance, education and training in equine welfare, and available data concerning horse numbers, identification, traceability and disposal. Animal welfare, and specifically equine welfare, has received increasing attention internationally. There is general acceptance of concepts such as animal needs and persons' responsibilities toward animals in their care, as expressed in the 'Five Freedoms'. As yet, little has been published on standards of equine welfare pertaining to Ireland, or on measures to address welfare issues here. This paper highlights the central role of horse identification and legal registration of ownership to safeguard the health and welfare of horses.  相似文献   

Trends in cow numbers and culling rate in the Irish cattle population, 2003 to 2006     

Maher P  Good M  More S 《Irish veterinary journal》2008,61(7):455-463

Cows are the main economic production units of Ireland's cattle industry. Therefore, demographic information, including overall numbers and survival rates, are relevant to the Irish agricultural industry. However, few data are available on the demographics of cows within a national population, either in Ireland or elsewhere, despite the recent development of comprehensive national cattle databases in many EU Member States. This study has sought: to determine the rate of cow culling from the national herd; to determine the rate of culling by type (dairy, beef), age, method of exit, date of exit and interval between last calving and exit; to calculate the national cow on-farm mortality rate; and to compare the Irish rates with published data from other countries. This work was conducted using data recorded in the national Cattle Movement Monitoring System (CMMS). Culling refers to the exit of cows from the national herd, as a result of death but regardless of reason, and cow-culling rate was calculated as the number of cow exits (as defined above) each year divided by the number of calf births in the same year. Culling rate was determined by type (dairy or beef), date of birth, method of exit (slaughter or on-farm death), month of exit and interval between last calving and exit. The average cow-culling rate during 2003 to 2006 was 19.6% (21.3% for dairy, 18% for beef). While comparisons must be treated with caution, it concluded that the overall rates of culling in Ireland fell within published internationally accepted norms. The on-farm mortality rate of 3.2-4.1% was similar to that reported in comparable studies.  相似文献   

Tuberculosis in alpaca (Lama pacos) on a farm in Ireland. 2. Results of an epidemiological investigation     

Connolly Dj  Dwyer P  Fagan J  Hayes M  Ryan E  Costello E  Kilroy A  More S 《Irish veterinary journal》2008,61(8):533-537

Tuberculosis (TB), due to infection with Mycobacterium bovis was diagnosed in a flock of alpaca in Ireland in 2004. An epidemiological investigation was conducted to identify the risk of TB for farmed alpaca where TB is endemic, the origin of the infection, the potential for alpaca-to-alpaca transmission and appropriate control measures. The investigation focused on the alpaca flock (including the farm, animal movements and breeding, feeding and flock health practice), the disease episode (including animal disease events and subsequent control measures) and TB infection risk in the locality. The TB risk to alpaca is high in areas where infection is endemic in cattle and badgers and where biosecurity is inadequate. It is most likely that the source of infection for the alpaca was a local strain of M. bovis, present in cattle in this area since at least 2001. Genotyping of isolates identified a single variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) profile in both cattle and alpaca in this region. Although a tuberculous badger was also removed from the vicinity, bacterial isolation was not attempted. On this farm, infection in alpaca was probably derived from a common source. Alpaca-to-alpaca transmission seems unlikely. Two broad control strategies were implemented, aimed at the rapid removal of infected (and potentially infectious) animals and the implementation of measures to limit transmission. Tests that proved useful in detecting potentially-infected animals included measurement of the albumin-to-globulin ratio and regular body condition scoring. Skin testing was time consuming and unproductive, and early detection of infected animals remains a challenge. The flock was managed as a series of separate groupings, based on perceived infection risk. No further TB cases have been detected.  相似文献   

WSAVA Animal Welfare Guidelines     

S. Ryan  H. Bacon  N. Endenburg  S. Hazel  R. Jouppi  N. Lee  K. Seksel  G. Takashima 《The Journal of small animal practice》2019,60(5):E1-E46

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Causes of mortality and severe morbidity requiring euthanasia in captive Tasmanian devils (Sarcophilus harrisii) in Tasmania     

SJ Peck  SA Michael  G Knowles  A Davis  D Pemberton 《Australian veterinary journal》2019,97(4):89-92

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Air hygiene in a pullet house: Spatial homogeneity of aerial pollutants     

Maria Antónia P. Conceição  Hazel E. Johnson  C. M. Wathes 《British poultry science》1989,30(4):765-776

1. The spatial distribution of aerial pollutants was measured in a large deep‐litter pullet house, initially holding 10,000 birds, at 12 sites within the birds’ breathing zone: on 6 occasions when the birds were between 8 and 27 d of age and on two occasions when the birds were 29 and 34 d of age and the flock size was halved.

2. The distribution of most pollutants appeared uniform, implying that all sites could be considered representative of the overall concentration of pollutant.

3. The concentration of ammonia differed between sites, probably because of local variations in the rate of release from the litter. The number concentration of non‐respirable particles (> 5 μm in diameter) became heterogeneous when the flock size was halved.

4. The operation of two punka fans had no effect on the spatial distribution of aerial pollutants, but increased the maximum air speed from 0.08 to 0.16 m/s.

5. Recommendations are given for the minimum number of sampling sites necessary for a predetermined level of statistical accuracy. Eight sites at least are recommended for most aerial pollutants, though more are needed for the concentration of gaseous ammonia.  相似文献   

Prevalence of obesity and owners’ perceptions of body condition in pleasure horses and ponies in south‐eastern Australia          下载免费PDF全文

SJ Potter  NJ Bamford  PA Harris  SR Bailey 《Australian veterinary journal》2016,94(11):427-432

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Synchronous climate changes in antarctica and the north atlantic     

EJ Steig  EJ Brook  JWC White  CM Sucher  ML Bender  SJ Lehman  DL Morse  ED Waddington  GD Clow 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1998,282(5386):92-95

Central Greenland ice cores provide evidence of abrupt changes in climate over the past 100,000 years. Many of these changes have also been identified in sedimentary and geochemical signatures in deep-sea sediment cores from the North Atlantic, confirming the link between millennial-scale climate variability and ocean thermohaline circulation. It is shown here that two of the most prominent North Atlantic events-the rapid warming that marks the end of the last glacial period and the Bolling/Allerod-Younger Dryas oscillation-are also recorded in an ice core from Taylor Dome, in the western Ross Sea sector of Antarctica. This result contrasts with evidence from ice cores in other regions of Antarctica, which show an asynchronous response between the Northern and Southern Hemispheres.  相似文献