Synchronous climate changes in antarctica and the north atlantic     

EJ Steig  EJ Brook  JWC White  CM Sucher  ML Bender  SJ Lehman  DL Morse  ED Waddington  GD Clow 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1998,282(5386):92-95

Central Greenland ice cores provide evidence of abrupt changes in climate over the past 100,000 years. Many of these changes have also been identified in sedimentary and geochemical signatures in deep-sea sediment cores from the North Atlantic, confirming the link between millennial-scale climate variability and ocean thermohaline circulation. It is shown here that two of the most prominent North Atlantic events-the rapid warming that marks the end of the last glacial period and the Bolling/Allerod-Younger Dryas oscillation-are also recorded in an ice core from Taylor Dome, in the western Ross Sea sector of Antarctica. This result contrasts with evidence from ice cores in other regions of Antarctica, which show an asynchronous response between the Northern and Southern Hemispheres.  相似文献   

Growth and survival of hatchery-bred giant clams (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Tridacna gigas</Emphasis>) in an ocean nursery in Sagay Marine Reserve,Philippines     

M. Junemie Hazel L. Lebata-Ramos  Koichi Okuzawa  Ronald J. Maliao  Jeff Bogart R. Abrogueña  Mark Darwin N. Dimzon  Ellen Flor C. Doyola-Solis  Terence U. Dacles 《Aquaculture International》2010,18(1):19-33

To restore the diminishing population of the giant clam Tridacna gigas in Sagay Marine Reserve (SMR), Negros Occidental, central Philippines, two size classes [8- and 10-cm shell length (SL)] of hatchery-bred T. gigas were reared in an adjacent ocean nursery for restocking to Carbin Reef later upon reaching grow-out size of ≥20 cm SL. Growth rates did not significantly differ for both sizes and were on average 0.67 cm month⁻¹. However, survival after 382 days of rearing T. gigas was significantly higher in the 10-cm SL clams than the 8-cm SL clams (96 and 83%, respectively). For future restocking projects, the use of 8-cm SL clams is recommended because the lower survival of this size class is compensated by its cheaper price. While rearing the clams to attain grow-out size, the population of wild clams (Family Tridacnidae) in Carbin Reef was assessed using ten 50 × 2-m belt transects. Four species of tridacnid clams have been recorded: Hippopus hippopus, Tridacna crocea, T. maxima, and T. squamosa. T. crocea comprised 12.5–93.9% of all the clams observed in all ten transects. There was a significant difference in clam density between species (ANOVA, F = 6.94, P < 0.001), with T. crocea having the highest density. Living T. gigas were absent, but presence of dead shells was indicative of its presence in the reef in the past. It can be expected that the release of hatchery-bred T. gigas juveniles in Carbin Reef could provide future breeders that will repopulate this reef and the adjacent reef communities.  相似文献   

Farm management factors associated with bulk tank somatic cell count in Irish dairy herds     

PT Kelly  K O'Sullivan  DP Berry  SJ More  WJ Meaney  EJ O'Callaghan  B O'Brien 《Irish veterinary journal》2009,62(Z4):S45

The relationship between bulk tank somatic cell count (SCC) and farm management and infrastructure was examined using data from 398 randomly selected, yet representative, Irish dairy farms where the basal diet is grazed grass. Median bulk tank SCC for the farms was 282,887 cells/ml ranging from 82,209 to 773,028 cells/ml. Two questionnaires were administered through face-to-face contact with each farmer. Herd-level factors associated with bulk tank SCC were determined using linear models with annual somatic cell score (i.e., arithmetic mean of the natural logarithm of bulk tank SCC) included as the dependent variable. All herd level factors were analysed individually in separate regression models, which included an adjustment for geographical location of the farm; a multiple regression model was subsequently developed. Management practices associated with low SCC included the use of dry cow therapy, participation in a milk recording scheme and the use of teat disinfection post-milking. There was an association between low SCC and an increased level of hygiene and frequency of cleaning of the holding yard, passageways and cubicles. Herd management factors associated with bulk tank SCC in Irish grazing herds are generally in agreement with most previous studies from confinement systems of milk production.  相似文献   

What do babies eat? Evaluation of a food frequency questionnaire to assess the diets of infants aged 12 months     

Marriott LD  Inskip HM  Borland SE  Godfrey KM  Law CM  Robinson SM;Southampton Women's Survey Study Group 《Public health nutrition》2009,12(7):967-972

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Effects of Superovulation with oFSH and Norgestomet/GnRH‐Controlled Release of the LH Surge on Hormone Concentrations,and Yield of Oocytes and Embryos at Specific Developmental Stages     

HM Knijn  W Fokker  GC van der Weijden  SJ Dieleman  PLAM Vos 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2012,47(2):177-183

The objective of this study was to evaluate a new superovulation procedure with oFSH after temporary suppression of the endogenous LH surge by norgestomet followed by administration of GnRH, to collect bovine oocytes and embryos at specific developmental stages. Since 1999, our research group applies this superovulation procedure with controlled release of the endogenous LH surge. The objective of this study is to verify if this procedure is reliable for collection of oocytes and embryos at specific time points of development and if it produces a sufficient number of both oocytes and embryos of good quality. This procedure was validated regarding to hormonal characteristics, superovulatory response and both oocyte and embryo yield at different times of in vivo development. The results demonstrate that the procedure used to control the occurrence of the pre‐ovulatory LH surge was effective in 92% of the animals (n = 238) and even in 99% of the animals the oocytes and embryos were collected at the intended stage of development. The superovulatory response and both oocyte, embryo yield and quality were similar to the average yield in Europe reported by Association Européenne de transfert embryonnaire (AETE). In conclusion, this superovulation procedure provides a valid tool to collect oocytes and embryos at specific time points of development.  相似文献   

Use of observed wild bird activity on poultry farms and a literature review to target species as high priority for avian influenza testing in 2 regions of Canada     

TE Burns  C Ribble  C Stephen  D Kelton  L Toews  J Osterhold  H Wheeler 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2012,53(2):158-166

The risk of avian influenza outbreaks in poultry is partially dependent on the probability of contact between domestic poultry and wild birds shedding avian influenza (AI) virus. The major objective of this study was to document wild bird activity on poultry farms to determine which wild bird species should be targeted for AI surveillance in Canada. We collected data in 2 major poultry producing regions of Canada, southwestern Ontario and the Fraser Valley of British Columbia, on the relative abundance of various wild bird species found on poultry farms and on how these species utilized habitat around poultry farms. We reviewed the published literature to determine what was known about AI pathobiology in the species we observed. From these results we created a list of 10 wild bird species that are a priority for further study. These species are the European starling, barn swallow, rock dove, American crow, northwestern crow, American robin, dark-eyed junco, song sparrow, horned lark, and common grackle. Abundance of these and other species varied between provinces and seasons.  相似文献   

The epidemiology of bovine spongiform encephalopathy in the Republic of Ireland before and after the reinforced feed ban     

Ryan E  McGrath G  Sheridan H  More SJ  Aznar I 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2012,105(1-2):75-84

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How management of grief associated with ending the life of an animal is taught to Australasian veterinary students     

KE Littlewood  NJ Beausoleil  KJ Stafford  C Stephens  T Collins  A Fawcett  S Hazel  JKF Lloyd  C Mallia  L Richards  NK Wedler  S Zito 《Australian veterinary journal》2020,98(8):356-363

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Promotion of the cycling of diet-enhancing nutrients by african grazers   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

SJ McNaughton  FF Banyikwa  MM McNaughton 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1997,278(5344):1798-1800

Experiments in Serengeti National Park, Tanzania, provide direct evidence that large, free-ranging mammalian grazers accelerate nutrient cycling in a natural ecosystem in a way that enhances their own carrying capacity. Both nitrogen and sodium were at considerably higher plant-available levels in soils of highly grazed sites than in soils of nearby areas where animal density is sparse. Fencing that uncoupled grazers and soils indicated that the animals promote nitrogen availability on soils of inherently similar fertility and select sites of higher sodium availability as well as enhancing that availability.  相似文献   

Restriction fragment length polymorphism of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses recovered from Ontario farms, 1998-2000.     

Hugh Y Cai  Hazel Alexander  Susy Carman  Dara Lloyd  Gaylan Josephson  M Grant Maxie 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2002,14(4):343-347

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