Mathematical model of sugar uptake in fermenting yeasted dough     

Loveday SM  Winger RJ 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(15):6325-6329

Fermentation prior to freezing significantly reduces the shelf life of frozen dough, measured as a decline in proofing power. Changes during fermentation caused by yeast metabolism have previously been described empirically on a dough weight basis and have not been mathematically modeled. In this work, yeast metabolites were quantified in fermenting dough and their concentrations were estimated in the aqueous environment around yeast cells. The osmotic pressure in the aqueous phase increases by 23% during 3 h of fermentation, which depresses the freezing point by 1 degrees C. The rise in osmotic pressure and the accumulation of ethanol may affect phase equilibria in the dough, baking properties, and the shelf life of frozen dough. Predictive modeling equations fitted sugar concentration data accurately. It was found that the preference of baker's yeast for glucose over fructose was stronger in fermenting dough than in liquid fermentations. The usefulness of the model in industrial bakery formulation work was demonstrated.  相似文献   

Antioxidant in Mango (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Mangifera indica</Emphasis> L.) Pulp     

Rocha Ribeiro SM  Queiroz JH  Lopes Ribeiro de Queiroz ME  Campos FM  Pinheiro Sant'ana HM 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2007,62(1):13-17

This work was carried out to investigate the pulp composition of four mango cultivars (Haden, Tommy Atkins and Ubá) at the ripening stage in relation to three components with antioxidant potential (total phenolics, carotenoids and ascorbic acid). Total phenolic compound content was estimated by the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and total carotenoid content by spectrophotometry at 450 nm. The contents of β-carotene and total vitamin C (ascorbic acid and dehydroascorbic acid) were quantified by high performance liquid chromatography. Differences were found among the four mango cultivars in all the components analyzed. The content of phenolic compounds ranged from 48.40 (Haden) to 208.70 mg/100 g (Ubá); total carotenoid from 1.91 (Haden) to 2.63 mg/100 g (Palmer); β-carotene from 661.27 (Palmer) to 2,220 μg/100 g (Ubá) and total ascorbic acid ranged from 9.79 (Tommy Atkins) to 77.71 mg/100 g (Ubá). These results corroborated previous information that mangoes are a good source of antioxidants in human diet.  相似文献   

Sequence tagged site markers to rsp1, rsp2, and rsp3 genes for resistance to septoria speckled leaf blotch in barley     

Lee SH  Neate SM 《Phytopathology》2007,97(2):162-169

ABSTRACT Five random amplified polymorphic DNA markers, two in coupling (OPAH5(545C), and OPBA12(314C)) and three in repulsion phase (UBC285(158R), OPC2(441R), and OPB17(451R)), closely linked to Rsp genes conferring resistance to Septoria speckled leaf blotch (SSLB), were identified using bulked segregant analysis in three F(2) populations, each containing a Rsp gene. These markers were converted into the sequence tagged site (STS) markers SUBC285, SOPC2, SOPAH5, and SOPBA12. Another STS marker (MWG938) linked to Rsp2 in coupling phase was also identified in an F(2) population from the cross Robust/CIho 4780. The STS markers were tested on a set of 42 resistant and susceptible barley germplasm lines and 98 landraces. The expected sizes of marker fragments associated with each allele at Rsp loci were present in resistant or susceptible accessions. Efficiency of marker-assisted selection (MAS) for Rsp1, Rsp2, and Rsp3 using STS markers were evaluated in three F(23) populations in the greenhouse and the field. Results of testing F(23) progeny demonstrated that the accuracy of MAS was, with one exception, greater than 97% in the greenhouse and in two field locations (90% in the Osnabrock, ND trial for Rsp2). The STS markers closely linked to Rsp genes also identified the SSLB resistance corresponding to Rsp1, Rsp2, or Rsp3 in gene pyramiding F(2) populations. The STS markers tightly linked to Rsp genes may be useful for M and for pyramiding with other genes in barley breeding for SSLB resistance.  相似文献   

Prevalence of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Toxoplasma gondii</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Neospora caninum</Emphasis> infections in sheep from Federal District,central region of Brazil   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Ueno TE  Gonçalves VS  Heinemann MB  Dilli TL  Akimoto BM  de Souza SL  Gennari SM  Soares RM 《Tropical animal health and production》2009,41(4):547-552

Serum samples from 1028 sheep were collected from 32 herds within Federal District, in the central region of Brazil. The samples were examined by indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) using sera diluted 1:64 and 1:50 as cut-off values for the detection of antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum, respectively. The observed prevalence for T. gondii infection was 38.22% (26.81%<CI 0.95<49.62%), and the titers ranged from 64 to 65536. The observed prevalence for N. caninum infection was 8.81% (7.08%<CI 0.95<10.53%). The titers ranged from 50 to 51200. The reactant sera to both pathogens corresponded to 4.67% of the samples. The risk factors were not determined because of the absence of negative herds for T. gondii and the high proportion of positive herds for N. caninum (87.50%). The prevalence for T. gondii infection was significantly higher among males than in females. The present work is the first report on seroprevalence of T. gondii and N. caninum in sheep from Federal District and shows that infection by both parasites is widespread in the ovine population from this region.  相似文献   

Correlating blood immune parameters and a CCT7 genetic variant with the shedding of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium in swine     

Uthe JJ  Wang Y  Qu L  Nettleton D  Tuggle CK  Bearson SM 《Veterinary microbiology》2009,135(3-4):384-388

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Identification of Chlamydophila abortus and the development of lesions in placental tissues of experimentally infected sheep     

Maley SW  Livingstone M  Rodger SM  Longbottom D  Buxton D 《Veterinary microbiology》2009,135(1-2):122-127

Chlamydophila (C.) abortus is a major cause of infectious abortion in sheep in many countries. Twenty-one pregnant sheep were experimentally infected intranasally with C. abortus at 70 days of gestation (dg). Thereafter, a number of animals were killed at weekly intervals and a post-mortem examination was carried out. Evidence of chlamydial infection in the placenta was determined by isolation of the bacterium by tissue culture and detection of C. abortus DNA by real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR). In addition, histopathological changes in the placenta were assessed, as was the detection of chlamydial antigen by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Evidence of placental infection was observed as early as 2 weeks after inoculation, and while only relatively low numbers of bacteria were isolated by culture and/or detected by real-time PCR prior to 113-114dg, at 119-121dg, it was more numerous. This study, using the four criteria for assessment of infection, showed that while C. abortus gained access to the placenta as early as 85dg, characteristic histopathological changes were not apparent until 119/121dg. While the chronology of when the bacterium arrived in the placenta and subsequent lesion development is remarkable for its consistency this paper provides more reliable data on the former which in turn now allows study of the factors that permit its access to this tissue and govern its multiplication and the ensuing triggering of damage.  相似文献   

Prevalence and severity of foot lesions in Danish Holstein heifers through first lactation     

Capion N  Thamsborg SM  Enevoldsen C 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2009,182(1):50-58

Several studies have shown that foot lesions and clinical lameness occur before first calving and develop further during the lactation period. Lameness may cause production losses, but the relationship between foot lesions, particularly in the claw horn, and lameness in heifers is unclear. The objectives of this study were to describe the development of and evaluate the relationship between lameness and foot lesions in Danish Holsteins before and after first calving. In a longitudinal study, 147 heifers were examined for lameness and foot lesions 2–5 times over an 18-month period. Lameness was assessed by means of a visual locomotion score and foot lesion severity was recorded.The prevalence of a locomotion score 3 was 25% before calving, and 90% at approximately 250 days in milk (DIM). Prevalence of moderate to severe sole haemorrhage (SH) was 27% before calving and 56% at 250 DIM, and that of moderate to severe white line lesion (WLL) 44% before calving with a peak of 70% at 200 DIM. There was one case of white line abscess but SH was seen throughout the entire study period. Digital dermatitis (DD) was prevalent prior to first calving (15%) and peaked at 39% at 0–100 DIM. Heel horn erosion (HHE) occurred in almost all cows (93–100%) and was strongly correlated with DD (r = 0.51). The correlation coefficient between SH and WLL was also high (0.42). The relatively high correlations between WLL and both DD and HHE were more surprising (0.38 and 0.35, respectively), those between SH and both DD and HHE were moderate (around 0.18). Interdigital dermatitis was significantly correlated with both HHE and DD, but completely unrelated to SH and WLL.The overall average locomotion score increased by about one-half of a score unit from 1 month prior to calving until 250 DIM, with a large difference between herds, although this was unsurprising as cows may alter their locomotion pattern with management factors (e.g. floor properties). DD and WLL were both associated with a locomotion score 3 but of the cows with severe WLL there was no clear association between a locomotion score 3 and DD. The highest locomotion scores occurred among cows with DD but without WLL.  相似文献   

GSK3-TIP60-ULK1 signaling pathway links growth factor deprivation to autophagy   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Lin SY  Li TY  Liu Q  Zhang C  Li X  Chen Y  Zhang SM  Lian G  Liu Q  Ruan K  Wang Z  Zhang CS  Chien KY  Wu J  Li Q  Han J  Lin SC 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,336(6080):477-481

In metazoans, cells depend on extracellular growth factors for energy homeostasis. We found that glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3), when deinhibited by default in cells deprived of growth factors, activates acetyltransferase TIP60 through phosphorylating TIP60-Ser(86), which directly acetylates and stimulates the protein kinase ULK1, which is required for autophagy. Cells engineered to express TIP60(S86A) that cannot be phosphorylated by GSK3 could not undergo serum deprivation-induced autophagy. An acetylation-defective mutant of ULK1 failed to rescue autophagy in ULK1(-/-) mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Cells used signaling from GSK3 to TIP60 and ULK1 to regulate autophagy when deprived of serum but not glucose. These findings uncover an activating pathway that integrates protein phosphorylation and acetylation to connect growth factor deprivation to autophagy.  相似文献   

Conservation. Challenges to the future conservation of the Antarctic     

SL Chown  JE Lee  KA Hughes  J Barnes  PJ Barrett  DM Bergstrom  P Convey  DA Cowan  K Crosbie  G Dyer  Y Frenot  SM Grant  D Herr  MC Kennicutt  M Lamers  A Murray  HP Possingham  K Reid  MJ Riddle  PG Ryan  L Sanson  JD Shaw  MD Sparrow  C Summerhayes  A Terauds  DH Wall 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,337(6091):158-159

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Development. Pushing your back into place     

Bowerman B  O'Rourke SM 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,336(6084):984-985

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