Large-Scale Synthesis of Aligned Carbon Nanotubes     

WZ Li  SS Xie  LX Qian  BH Chang  BS Zou  WY Zhou  RA Zhao  G Wang 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1996,274(5293):1701-1703

Large-scale synthesis of aligned carbon nanotubes was achieved by using a method based on chemical vapor deposition catalyzed by iron nanoparticles embedded in mesoporous silica. Scanning electron microscope images show that the nanotubes are approximately perpendicular to the surface of the silica and form an aligned array of isolated tubes with spacings between the tubes of about 100 nanometers. The tubes are up to about 50 micrometers long and well graphitized. The growth direction of the nanotubes may be controlled by the pores from which the nanotubes grow.  相似文献   

A receptor for tumor necrosis factor defines an unusual family of cellular and viral proteins   总被引：89，自引：0，他引：89  

C A Smith  T Davis  D Anderson  L Solam  M P Beckmann  R Jerzy  S K Dower  D Cosman  R G Goodwin 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1990,248(4958):1019-1023

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Tandem array of human visual pigment genes at Xq28   总被引：22，自引：0，他引：22  

D Vollrath  J Nathans  R W Davis 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1988,240(4859):1669-1672

Unequal crossing-over within a head-to-tail tandem array of the homologous red and green visual pigment genes has been proposed to explain the observed variation in green-pigment gene number among individuals and the prevalence of red-green fusion genes among color-blind subjects. This model was tested by probing the structure of the red and green pigment loci with long-range physical mapping techniques. The loci were found to constitute a gene array with an approximately 39-kilobase repeat length. The position of the red pigment gene at the 5' edge of the array explains its lack of variation in copy number. Restriction maps of the array in four individuals who differ in gene number are consistent with a head-to-tail configuration of the genes. These results provide physical evidence in support of the model and help to explain the high incidence of color blindness in the human population.  相似文献   

Voyager telecommunications: the broadcast from jupiter     

Edelson RE  Madsen BD  Davis EK  Garrison GW 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1979,204(4396):913-921

Sweeping past Jupiter, the Voyager 1 spacecraft presages a new era in the exploration of the solar system. Not since the TV return from Apollo has a spacecraft returned information of such volume and pictures of such startling clarity. Yet this feat was accomplished from a distance 1770 times as great as that of the lunar adventure. The communication system responsible for this remarkable achievement is a oompilation of elements ranging from tiny integrated circuits to enormous ground antennas. This article seeks to describe the way in which data are returned from these fascinating, faraway bodies and to convey the excitement of the engineering work that supports our scientific endeavors.  相似文献   

Dissolved organic matter and heterotrophic microneuston in the surface microlayers of the north atlantic     

Sieburth JM  Willis PJ  Johnson KM  Burney CM  Lavoie DM  Hinga KR  Caron DA  French FW  Johnson PW  Davis PG 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1976,194(4272):1415-1418

Dissolved organic carbon, carbohydrates, and adenosine triphosphate in the size fractions 0.2 to 3 micrometers and 3 to 1000 micrometers are significantly enriched in the upper 150-micrometer surface layer compared to subsurface water, mean enrichment factors being 1.6, 2.0, 2.5, and 3.1, respectively. When calculated as a 0.1-micrometer microlayer of wet surfactants, the mean concentration of organic matter was 2.9 grams per liter, of which carbohydrates accounted for 28 percent. The data for plant pigments and particulate adenosine triphosphate indicated that bacterioneuston was enriched at seven of nine stations while phagotrophic protists were enriched at five stations. Instances of enrichment and inhibition were verified by cultural data for bacteria and amoebas. The observations indicate that the surface microlayers are largely heterotrophic microcosms, which can be as rich as laboratory cultures, and that an appreciable part of the dissolved organic carbon is carbohydrate of phytoplankton origin, released and brought to the surface by migrating and excreting phagotrophic protists.  相似文献   

Yeast RNA polymerase II genes: isolation with antibody probes   总被引：161，自引：0，他引：161  

R A Young  R W Davis 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1983,222(4625):778-782

Genes encoding yeast RNA polymerase II subunits were cloned. Efficient isolation of these genes was accomplished by probing a phage lambda gt11 recombinant DNA expression library with polyvalent antibodies directed against purified yeast RNA polymerase II. The identity of genes that specify the largest RNA polymerase II subunits, the 220,000- and 150,000-dalton polypeptides, was confirmed by competitive radioimmune assay. Both of these genes exist in single copy in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.  相似文献   

Mariner V: Plasma and Magnetic Fields Observed near Venus     

Bridge HS  Lazarus AJ  Snyder CW  Smith EJ  Davis L  Coleman PJ  Jones DE 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1967,158(3809):1669-1673

Abrupt changes in the amplitude of the magnetic fluctuations, in the field strength, and in the plasma properties, were observed with Mariner V near Venus. They provide clear evidence for the presence of a bow shock around the planet, similar to, but much smaller than, that observed at Earth. The observations appear consistent with an interaction of the solar wind with the ionosphere of Venus. No planetary field could be detected, but a steady radial field and very low plasma density were found 10,000 to 20,000 kilometers behind Venus and 8,000 to 12,000 kilometers from the Sun-Venus line. These observations may be interpreted as relating to an expansion wave tending to fill the cavity produced by Venus in the solar wind. The upper limit to the magnetic dipole moment of Venus is estimated to be within a factor of 2 of 10(-3) items that of Earth.  相似文献   

Magnetic field of jupiter and its interaction with the solar wind     

Smith EJ  Davis L  Jones DE  Colburn DS  Coleman PJ  Dyal P  Sonett CP 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1974,183(4122):305-306

Jupiter's magnetic field and its interaction with the magnetized solar wind were observed with the Pioneer 10 vector helium magnetometer. The magnetic dipole is directed opposite to that of the earth with a moment of 4.0 gauss R(J)(3) (R(J), Jupiter radius), and an inclination of 15 degrees lying in a system III meridian of 230 degrees . The dipole is offset about 0.1 R(J) north of the equatorial plane and about 0.2 R(J) toward longitude 170 degrees . There is severe stretching of the planetary field parallel to the equator throughout the outer magnetosphere, accompanied by a systematic departure from meridian planes. The field configuration implies substantial plasma effects inside the magnetosphere, such as thermal pressure, centrifugal forces, and differential rotation. As at the earth, the outer boundary is thin, nor diffuse, and there is a detached bow shock.  相似文献   

Paleolithic diet, evolution, and carcinogens   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

D L Davis 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1987,238(4834):1633-1634

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Post-fledging dispersal, habitat use, and survival of Sprague’s pipits: Are planted grasslands a good substitute for native?     

Ryan J. Fisher  Stephen K. Davis 《Biological conservation》2011,(1):263-271

Loss and degradation of native grasslands on the North American landscape are some of the key factors influencing population declines of grassland songbirds. It is unclear what role anthropogenic grasslands play in the conservation of grassland specialists and whether demographic parameters of grassland songbirds differ between anthropogenic and native grasslands. Furthermore, there has been little research examining the overlap (or lack thereof) between nesting and post-fledging habitat. We initiated a radio-telemetry study from 2004 to 2008 on dispersal, microhabitat use, and survival of juvenile Sprague’s pipits (Anthus spragueii), a threatened grassland-obligate songbird, in native pastures and fields planted with exotic species (planted grasslands). Dispersal distance was greater in planted compared to native grasslands, but appeared to be constrained to natal fields up to 26-d post-fledging. Pipits used microhabitats in planted grasslands with vegetation that was on average 11 cm taller than used locations in native pastures, possibly due to the rapid growth of planted vegetation by the time individuals fledged. Individuals that were reared in planted grasslands had consistently lower daily survival rates compared to those in native pastures. Our observation that young birds rarely left their natal field suggests that conserving nesting habitat in native pastures would be an effective management strategy for this species. However, our results suggest that planted grasslands may act as population sinks given the lower survival of juvenile pipits reared in planted fields in our region. Demographic studies during the post-fledging period are essential to determine the conservation value of anthropogenic grasslands for North American songbirds.  相似文献