The distribution and prevalence of Theileria buffeli in cattle in Queensland     

NP STEWART  NF STANDFAST†  FC BALDOCK‡  DJ REID  AJ de  VOS† 《Australian veterinary journal》1992,69(3):59-61

The distribution and prevalence of Thelleria buffeli in Queensland cattle were investigated using serum samples and blood films collected primarily for brucellosis surveillance and tick fever diagnosis. Serums from 8654 cattle from 357 farms throughout Queensland were examined by an indirect fluorescent antibody test for antibody to T buffeli. In addition, 347 peripheral blood films collected from 147 farms in south-eastern Queensland were examined for piroplasms of T buffeli. The overall herd and animal prevalences for T buffeli were 75% and 41%, respectively. There was significant variation among regions in both herd and animal prevalences (P less than 0.001). Herd and animal prevalences were highest in the north and east decreasing westward. The results indicate that T buffeli is more widespread in Queensland than previously thought.  相似文献   

The effects of halothane and nitrous oxide on the pharmacokinetics of propofol in dogs     

A. M. NOLAN  J. REID  S. GRANT† 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》1993,16(3):335-342

The pharmacokinetics of propofol, 6.5 mg/kg, administered as a bolus dose intravenously (i.v.) were studied in six dogs (group 1). The effect of maintaining anaesthesia with halothane and nitrous oxide in oxygen on propofol pharmacokinetics was also investigated in six dogs undergoing routine anaesthesia (group 2). Induction of anaesthesia was rapid in all animals. Post-induction apnoea was a feature in three of the 12 dogs. The blood propofol concentration-time profile was best described by a bi-exponential decline in two dogs in group 1 and in 3 dogs in group 2, and by a tri-exponential decline in four dogs in group 1 and 3 dogs in group 2. The elimination half-life was long in both groups (90.9 min and 75.2 min, respectively), the volume of distribution at steady state large (4889 and 4863 ml/kg) and the clearance rapid (58.6 and 56.3 ml/kg.min). There were no significant differences between the groups, thus indicating that maintenance of anaesthesia with halothane and nitrous oxide had no effect on the pharmacokinetics of propofol in the dog.  相似文献   

Ultrastructural Studies of Orf Virus Infection and Replication in Fetal Lamb Fibrocytes     

S. K. ONWUKA  D. MCEWAN JENKINSON †  L. INGLIS  I. POW  E. W. GRAY  H. W. REID ‡ 《Veterinary dermatology》1995,6(2):85-92

Résumé— Le cycle de réplication du virus de l'ecthyma contagieux a été identifié dans des études in vitro et un modèle hypothétique a été développé. Pendant la premiére phase, qui dure à peu près 5 heures, le virus pénètre la cellule par le biais d'un processus de phagocytose, et perd ses enveloppes. La phase d'éclipse, pendant laquelle le virus est apparemment intégréà l'ADN de l'hôte, dure environ 8 à 10 heures. Pendant la phase finale, les virions se développent dans des zones biens définies du viroplasme à partir desquelles les viriojns matures vont migrer jusqu'aux bords de la cellule. Là, ils sortent soit par exocytose, soit à l'intérieur de projections microvilleuses qui sont pincées à leur base, soit encore par désintégration de la cellule hôte. [Onwuka, S.K., Jenkinson, D. Mc, Inglis, L., Pow, I., GRAY, E.W., Reid, H.W. Ultrastructural studies of orf virus infection and replication in fetal lamb fibrocytes (Etudes ultrasturcturales de l'infection par le virus de l'ecthyma contagieux et de sa réplication dans les fibrocytes de foetus d'agneau). Resumen— Se identificó el ciclo de replicación del virus del ectima contagioso en estudios temporales in vitro y se desarroló un posible modelo experimental. Durante la primera fase, que dura unas 5 h, el virus penetra en la células por fagocitosis y se libera de la cubierta. La fase de “eclipse”, con el virus presentándose como hebras de DNA, dura aproximadamente de 8 a 10 h. En la fase final los viriones se desarrollan dentro de zonas bien definidas en el viroplasma desde las cuales los viriones maduros migran hasta los limites celulares. A partir de alii parecen salir por exocitosis o en proyecciones de microvellosidades “pinzadas” hacia el exterior; también pueden ser liberados como consecuencia de la desintegración de la célula huésped. [Onwuka, S.K., Jenkinson, D. Mc, Inglis, L., Pow, I., GRAY, E.W., Reid, H.W. Ultrastructural studies of orf virus infection and replication in fetal lamb fibrocytes (Estudios ultraestructurales de la infección por el virus del ectima contagioso y replicación en fibrocitos fetales de carnero). Abstract— The cycle of replication of orf virus was identified in temporal in vitro studies and a putative model was developed. During the first phase, which lasts about 5 h, the virus enters the cells by a phagocytic process and uncoats. The “eclipse” phase, with the virus apparently present as strands of DNA, lasts for approximately the next 8–10 h. In the final phase virions develop within well-defined zones of viroplasm from which mature virions migrate to the margins of the cell. There they apparently exit either by exocytosis or within microvillous projections which are “pinched off”; they can also be released by disintegration of the host cell.  相似文献   

E. coli Nitroreductase/CB1954: In Vitro Studies into a Potential System for Feline Cancer Gene Therapy     

L. BLACKWOOD  P. J. O&#x;SHAUGHNESSY  S. W. J. REID  D. J. ARGYLE 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2001,161(3):269

Investigations were carried out to identify a suitable prodrug activating system for feline gene therapy with the eventual aim of treating feline thyroid disease and feline neoplasia. The E. coli nitroreductase (NTR)/CB1954 prodrug activating system was evaluated in vitro in feline cells by transient transfection with a nitroreductase expressing construct and subsequent treatment with the prodrug CB1954. The feline cells successfully expressed E. coli nitroreductase, which was able to activate the prodrug CB1954 resulting in cytotoxicity to both transformed and adjacent cells (a bystander effect) in vitro. In the absence of nitroreductase, CB1954 was non-toxic to feline cells. In addition, the nitroreductase gene was expressed in rat thyroid cells under the control of the cell type specific feline thyroglobulin promoter. This paper demonstrates that the E. coli nitroreductase/CB1954 system may be suitable for in vivo feline gene therapy, and further investigations are warranted.  相似文献   

ESTIMATED OPERATOR EXPOSURE FOR HAND HOLDING PORTABLE X‐RAY UNITS DURING IMAGING OF THE EQUINE DISTAL EXTREMITY     

REID TYSON  DOUGLAS C. SMILEY  ROBERT S. PLEASANT  GREGORY B. DANIEL 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2011,52(2):121-124

Hand holding of portable X‐ray units is common in large animal ambulatory veterinary practice. Portable X‐ray equipment manuals, veterinary teaching institutions, and state regulations discourage, or prohibit, hand holding of portable X‐ray units. Our goal was to quantify surface radiation leakage of a typical portable X‐ray unit and to measure operator exposure at simulated hand and collar positions during imaging of the equine distal extremity. Each exposure for the study was performed at 80 kVp and 7.5 mAs and repeated 10 times. Measurement of tube radiation leakage was performed along each surface of the portable X‐ray unit. To determine the operator exposure more accurately, an equine cadaver limb was used to generate scatter radiation for the following views: lateral carpus, lateral foot, palmaroproximal–palmarodistal, and dorsal 60° proximal–palmarodistal obliques of the navicular region. A Pancake Ion Chamber was placed at the handle and at simulated collar position to record estimated occupational exposure. To estimate the effect of lead shielding, exposure measurements were performed within the primary beam and behind a 0.5 mm lead equivalent apron and within an >0.5 mm lead equivalent glove. The average hand and collar dose was 0.471 and 0.327 mR/exposure, respectively. The lead apron and glove attenuated the primary beam 96.9 and 99.2%, respectively. This reduced average hand and collar exposures to 0.0038 and 0.0101 mR/exposure, respectively. Theoretical occupational limits are reached for the collar (whole body) before the hand (extremity).  相似文献   

Silage and milk production: studies with diets containing white clover silage     

M. E. CASTLE  D. REID  J. N. WATSON 《Grass and Forage Science》1983,38(3):193-200

In three separate feeding experiments using a total of twenty-six individually-housed Ayrshire cows, three wilted silages made from Blanca white clover were offered ad libitum with either different supplements or different proportions of grass silage. The clover silages contained 680 g white clover kg⁻¹ on a DM basis, and had a mean DM concentration of 263 g kg⁻¹ with 231 g CP kg⁻¹ DM and 91 g ammonia-N kg⁻¹ N. The pH values averaged 4·16 and the DOMD concentrations 611 g kg⁻¹. In experiment 1 the daily intake of clover silage given alone was 15.2 kg DM per cow, i.e. 30·1 g kg⁻¹ live weight, and decreased by 0·76 kg DM kg⁻¹ barley DM and by 0·66 kg DM kg⁻¹barley plus soybean meal DM when these feeds were offered as supplements. Milk yield and fat concentration were higher on the supplement treatments than on the clover silage-only treatment. In experiments 2 and 3 the intakes of silage and total DM increased as the weight of clover in the diet increased from 0 to 700 g kg⁻¹ with parallel increases in milk yield. The effects on milk composition were small and generally non-significant. Although white clover silages with excellent fermentations were made, it is concluded that the main role of white clover in a silage system will be in mixed swards with grass to reduce the input of fertilizer N and to increase the voluntary intake of silage.  相似文献   

The combined use of fertilizer nitrogen and white clover on grazed ryegrass swards     

D. REID 《Grass and Forage Science》1985,40(3):371-374

A 1-year grazing experiment with dairy cows is described in which the milk yield and herbage intake from a sward of S23 perennial ryegrass alone receiving fertilizer N at an annual rate of 360 kg ha⁻¹ were compared with those from a ryegrass-white clover var. Blanca sward given a total N application of 180 kg ha⁻¹. Both treatments gave virtually the same total milk yield of about 12500 kg ha⁻¹ over a 20-week grazing season.  相似文献   

IMAGING DIAGNOSIS—DORSAL MEDIASTINAL T‐CELL LYMPHOMA IN AN ALPACA     

JOSEPH T. AMORY  JERYL C. JONES  MARK V. CRISMAN  KURT ZIMMERMAN  A. REID TYSON III  MARTH MOON LARSON  GEOFFREY K. SAUNDERS  LAURIE G. O'ROURKE 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2010,51(3):311-312

A 14‐year‐old male alpaca had refractory pleural effusion. The cause of the effusion was not apparent either radiographically or sonographically, or following a pleural fluid cytologic examination. Using computed tomographic (CT) examination, a dorsal paravertebral mass was identified and similar masses were found in the cranial mediastinum, retroperitoneal space, and adjacent to the hepatic entry of the portal vein. The histopathologic diagnosis was multicentric T‐cell lymphoma. CT examination may prove to be a valuable imaging modality in the localization and staging of neoplasia in new world camelids.  相似文献   

Evaluation of the efficacy of oxfendazole against larval and adult Toxascaris leonina in the dog     

D. E. JACOBS  J. G. PILKINGTON  J. F. S. REID 《The Journal of small animal practice》1988,29(8):525-530

The efficacy of oxfendazole, given at a dose rate of 10 mg/kg for three consecutive days, against adult and larval Toxascaris leonina was determined in four litters of naturally infected adolescent greyhounds. When administered to five dogs 10 weeks after exposure to infectiori, oxfendazole gave an efficacy value of 100 per cent as determined by comparison of the numbers of adult worms expelled and the numbers remaining at subsequent post mortem examination. When medication was given only five weeks after exposure to infection, the number of immature T. leonina in 10 treated pups was found to be reduced by 92-1 per cent as compared with 10 matched, untreated controls. Incidental infections of Toxocara canis and Uncinaria stenocephala were adequately controlled but the treatment was less effective against Trichuris vulpis and Strongyloides species.  相似文献   

Evaluation of single-pass backpack electric fishing for stream fish community monitoring     

S. M. REID  G. YUNKER  & N. E. JONES 《Fisheries Management and Ecology》2009,16(1):1-9

Abstract  Data from Lake Ontario tributaries were used to evaluate the efficacy of single-pass backpack electric fishing for stream fish monitoring by: testing the relationship between single-pass catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) and multiple-pass-based population estimates; comparing species richness estimates derived from single-pass and multiple-pass data and assessing the concordance of fish assemblage patterns described using single-pass and multiple-pass data. Significant correlations were calculated between single-pass CPUE and removal-based population estimates for total catch, 15 species, six taxonomic families, five feeding and four reproductive guilds and tolerant/intolerant species. Strong correlations were more commonly associated with the abundance of individual species than other metrics. Capture probability was not affected by stream size or habitat complexity for most measures. Species accumulation curves and significant correlations ( r ² = 0.9) between single-pass and multiple-pass electric fishing indicate that single-pass surveys provide a representative index of species diversity. In addition, within and among-site variation in fish community composition based on single-pass and multiple-pass data were similar.  相似文献