The use of Oral Milbemycin Oxime (Interceptor®) in the Treatment of Chronic Generalized Canine Demodicosis*     

REID A. GARFIELD  LLOYD M. REEDY 《Veterinary dermatology》1992,3(6):231-235

Abstract— The purpose of this clinical study was to evaluate the efficacy of orally administered milbemycin oxime (Interceptor®, Ciba-Geigy, Greensboro, U.S.A.) in the treatment of 46 dogs with chronic generalized demodicosis. Two dosage protocols were followed with milbemycin oxime dosed at 0.5–2.3 mg.kg^-1 once daily (low dose) or twice daily (high dose). Seventy six per cent of the dogs on the low dose protocol achieved negative skin scrapings (remission) within 90 days, 24% were failures, and 19% remain negative with 1 year follow-ups. Seventy five per cent of the patients that achieved remission on the low dose protocol relapsed within 1 year when the milbemycin was discontinued. Ninety six per cent of the dogs on the high dose protocol achieved negative skin scrapings within 90 days, 4% were failures, and 42% remain negative with 1 year follow-ups. Twenty nine per cent of the patients that achieved remission on the high dose protocol relapsed within 1 year when the milbemycin was discontinued. Résumé— Le but de cette étude clinique était d'évaluer l'efficacité de la mylbémycine par voie orale (Interceptor®, Ciba Geigy, Greensboro, U.S.A.) dans le traitement de 46 chiens atteints de démodécie généralisée. Deux posologies ont été utilisées: 0.5–2.3 mg.kg^-1 une fois par jour (dose faible) et deux fois par jour (dose forte). Soixante dix ourcent des chiens ayant subi le protocole faible dose ont présenté des raclages cutanés négatifs (rémission) au bout de 90 jours, 24% n'ont jamais répondu et 19%étaient toujours négatifs un an après le traitement. Soixante dix pourcent des animaux ayant répondu à ce traitement ont rechuté dans l'année suivant l'arrêt de la milbémycine. Quatre vingt dix pourcent des chiens ayant subi le protocole à dose forte ont présenté des raclages négatifs au bout de 90 jours, 1% n'ent jamais guéri et 42% sont restés négatifs un en après l'arrêt du traitement. Vingt neuf pourcent des patients ayant guéri à cette posologie ont rechuté dans l'année suivant l'arrêt de la mylbémycine. Zusammenfassung— Das Ziel der vorliegenden Untersuchung war die Ermittlung der Wirksamkeit von oral angewendetem Milbemycinoxim (Interceptor®, Ciba-Geigy, Greensboro, USA) bei der Behandlung von 46 Hunden mit chronischer generalisierter Demodikose. Bei der Dosierung von Milbemycinoxin wurden zwei Dosierungsprotokolle eingesetzt, bei der niedrigen. Dosierung wurde 0.5–2.3 mg/kg einmal täglich, bei der hohen zweimal täglich verabreicht. 76% der Humde mit der niedrigen Dosierung zeigten negative Hautgeschabsel (Remission) innerhalb von 90 Tagen, 24% sprachen nicht an. Bei 19% der Hunde blieben die Geschabsel negativ bei den Kontrolluntersuchungen über 1 Jahr Dauer. Bei 75% der Patienten, die mit der niedrigen Dosierung zur Remission gebracht wurden, traten Rückfälle innerhalb von 1 Jahr nach Absetzen des Milbemycin auf Bei 96% der Hunde aus der Gruppe mit der hohen Dosierung waren die Hautgeschabsel innerhalb von 90 Tagen negativ, 4% sprachen nicht auf die Behandlung an. Bei 42% der Tiere blieben die Geschabsel negativ bei den Kontrolluntersuchungen über 1 Jahr Dauer. Bei 29% der-Patienten, die unter der hohen Dosierung zur Remission gebracht waren, traten Rückfälle innerhalb von 1 Jahr nach Absetzen des Milbemycins auf. Resumen El propósito del siguiente estudio clínico fué la evaluación de la eficacia de la administración oral de óximo de milbecina, (Interceptor®, Ciba-Geigy, Greensboro, U.S.A.) en el tratamiento de 46 perros con demodicosis crónica generalizada. Los protocolos de dosificación con óximo de milbezina fueron los siguientes: 0.5–2.3 mg/kg una vez al día, (dosis baja), o dos veces (dosis alta). Setenta y seis por ciento de los perros que siguieron el protocolo a la dosis menor presentaron raspados cutáneos negativos, (remisión), en noventa dias, el 24% resulto en fracaso y el diecinueve por ciento permaneció negativo después de un año. El 75% de los pacientes que alcazaron la remisión a la dosis baja sufrieron un relapso al año de tratamiento cuando fue discontinuado. Noventa y seis de los perros con el protocolo de la dosis alta presentaron raspados cutáneos negativos a los noventa dias, el 4% fue un fracaso y el 42% permaneció con resultados negativos despues de un año. Veintinueve por ciento de los pacientes que alcanzaron la remisión a la dosis mayor presentaron relapso después de un año cuando el tratamiento fue discontinuado.  相似文献   

Interannual variability of the South Georgia marine ecosystem: biological and physical sources of variation in the abundance of krill   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5  

E. J. MURPHY  J. L. WATKINS  K. REID  P. N. TRATHAN  I. EVERSON  J. P. CROXALL  J. PRIDDLE  M. A. BRANDON  A. S. BRIERLEY  & E. HOFMANN 《Fisheries Oceanography》1998,7(3-4):381-390

Interannual variability is a characteristic feature of the Southern Ocean ecosystem, yet the relative roles of biological and physical processes in generating these fluctuations are unknown. There is now extensive evidence that there are years when there is a very low abundance of Antarctic krill ( Euphausia superba ) in the South Georgia area, and that this variation affects much of the ecosystem, with the most obvious impacts on survival and breeding success of some of the major predators on krill. The open nature of the South Georgia ecosystem means this variability has large-scale relevance, but even though there are unique time series of data available, information on some key processes is limited. Fluctuations in year-class success in parts, or all, of the krill population across the Scotia Sea can generate large changes in the available biomass. The ocean transport pathways maintain the large-scale ecosystem structure by moving krill over large distances to areas where they are available to predator colonies. This large-scale physical system shows strong spatial and temporal coherence in the patterns of the interannual and subdecadal variability. This physical variability affects both the population dynamics of krill and the transport pathways, emphasizing that both the causes and the consequences of events at South Georgia are part of much larger-scale processes.  相似文献   

Perspectives and Strategies for U.S. Regional Development     

EMIL MALIZIA  DIANNE REID 《Growth and change》1976,7(4):41-47

  相似文献   

Aggregation of humic substances in aqueous media as determined by light-scattering methods     

P. M. REID  A. E. WILKINSON  E. TIPPING  M. N. JONES 《European Journal of Soil Science》1991,42(2):259-270

Samples of peat humic acid (PHA) and surface water humic (WBHA) and fulvic acids (WBFA) extracted from Whitray Beck in North Yorkshire, UK and previously studied by analytical (UV scanning) ultracentrifugation at low concentrations (10–20 mg dm^?3) (Reid et al., 1990) have been investigated by dynamic and static light-scattering methods at concentrations up to approximately 1700 mg dm^?3. Dynamic light-scattering gave very low diffusion coefficients for the humic acids (PHA and WBHA) suggesting the presence of aggregates. Static light-scattering from the fulvic acid (WBFA) showed that the second virial coefficients of this material in various media were negative, which is characteristic of reversible aggregation. The aggregates, which consisted of approximately 20 smaller molecules, could not be dissociated completely by the detergents sodium n-dodecylsulphate or Triton X-100, although limited dissociation by the latter may occur. Sedimentation velocity measurements in the same concentration range as the light scattering gave sedimentation coefficients which increased with concentration also consistent with reversible aggregation. The studies illustrate the problems inherent in the characterization of humic substances from natural sources and demonstrate that, at least for lower molecular weight fulvic acids, static light-scattering from solutions of relatively high concentration in combination with sedimentation equilibrium measurements at low concentrations distinguishes a system having a broad molecular weight distribution from one in which aggregation occurs.  相似文献   

The wetting and drying of a grazed and ungrazed clay soil     

I. REID  R. J. PARKINSON 《European Journal of Soil Science》1984,35(4):607-614

A 4 year field experiment clearly demonstrates the role played by desiccation cracks in the redistribution of rainfall during the autumn re-wetting of a Windsor Series clay soil. Where topsoil structure is damaged by the trampling of grazing animals, cracks are well developed and a portion of rain water is diverted down them, by-passing the topsoil. Redistribution takes place from two centres, the bottom of the cracks and the surface. But where structure is unaffected by trampling, the soil accommodates seasonal shrinkage without cracking and redistribution is by diffusion from the surface only. Summer evaporation is shown to be linearly related to Penman's potential evapotranspiration over a wide range of soil moisture deficits, and simple constants are provided to correct E_T to obtain E_A. The M.A.F.F. method of estimating evapotranspiration is shown to be too conservative and fails to identify the October maximum soil moisture deficit common in this soil.  相似文献   

Suppression of decomposition of ¹⁴C-labelled plant roots in the presence of living roots of maize and perennial ryegrass     

J. B. REID  M. J. GOSS 《European Journal of Soil Science》1982,33(3):387-395

The rates of decomposition of barley roots labelled with ¹⁴C were investigated in soil planted with maize or perennial ryegrass and in fallow controls. Evolution of ¹⁴CO₂ was significantly less from the planted soils than from fallow controls. Roots of maize and ryegrass appeared to compete substantially with soil microbes for ¹⁴C-labelled materials. Simple competitive effects were, however, insufficient to explain all of the observed effects of root growth on soil organic matter decomposition. There was no indication that the detrimental effects of maize roots on aggregate stability could be associated with increased degradation of native soil organic materials; the broader significance of the results is also discussed.  相似文献   

Effect of training location and time period on racehorse performance in New Zealand. 1. Descriptive analysis     

NR Perkins  SWJ Reid  RS Morris 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(5):236-242

AIM: To describe characteristics of Thoroughbred training stables in Matamata and in all other locations in New Zealand combined, over two 19-month time periods in 1996–1997 and 1998–1999, representing equal length periods immediately prior to and after the construction of a new training surface at the Matamata Racing Club.

METHODS: Retrospective records covering all horses training and racing in New Zealand during two 19-month time periods (1996–1997 and 1998–1999), covering 161 locations, were obtained from New Zealand Thoroughbred Racing (NZTR). Outcome variables included whether a horse was raced again in the 6 months following any start in the first 13 months of either time period, number of race starts for every horse, and finishing position. Summary measures with confidence intervals (CI) and unadjusted odds ratios (OR), measuring strength of associations for various factors, were computed.

RESULTS: The datasets contained information on 45,446 horses, 11,336 races, 5,110 trials and a total of 110,643 race starts. Horses trained at Matamata represented 8% (3,715) of the total horse datasets, and accounted for 11,977 race starts (10.8%). They were more likely to start in a race or trial in either time period and were 1.4 and 1.3 times as likely to finish first, second or third compared with horses trained at other locations in 1996–1997 and 1998–1999, respectively. A 6-month no-race period occurred for 9,306/12,584 (74%) horses that started at least once in the first 13 months of either time period. Horses trained at Matamata were less likely to have a 6-month no-race period than horses trained at other locations in both time periods. There was no effect of time period within each location on the probability of either a horse having a 6-month no-race period or of a race start being followed by a 6-month no-race period, but there was an overall effect of time and more 6-month no-race periods were observed in 1998–1999 relative to 1996–1997.

CONCLUSION: Summary statistics are presented for Thoroughbred racing in New Zealand over two 19-month time periods. Differences between the populations of horses trained in Matamata compared with those trained at other locations were attributed, in part, to the fact that many of the more successful racehorse trainers in the country have stables at Matamata. As a result, the population of horses in Matamata may not be representative of the racehorse population in New Zealand. Although more likely to win or place in both time periods, the magnitude of the advantage to horses in Matamata was reduced in 1998–1999 relative to 1996–1997, and this could be due, in part, to effects of the new track surface at Matamata. There was no evidence of a rise in risk of a 6-month no-race period following any race start in those horses trained in Matamata in 1998–1999 relative to either horses trained at other locations or to horses trained in Matamata during the earlier time period.  相似文献   

Risk factors for injury to the superficial digital flexor tendon and suspensory apparatus in Thoroughbred racehorses in New Zealand     

NR Perkins  SWJ Reid  RS Morris 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(3):184-192

AIM: To investigate risk factors for injury to the superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) and suspensory apparatus (SA) of the forelimbs in Thoroughbred racehorses in New Zealand.

METHODS: Poisson and negative binomial regression, with exposure time represented by cumulative training days for each horse, were used to relate explanatory variables to the incidence rate (IR) of cases of inflammation of the SDFT (n=51), and injuries involving the SA (n=48) in a population of 1,571 commercially-trained racehorses over 554,745 study days. Only the first occurrence of an injury for any one horse was eligible for inclusion. Separate analyses were run for data from horses in training regardless of whether they had started in a trial or race, and using a subset of these data restricted to those preparations associated with at least one start in a trial or race. Results were reported as incidence rate ratios (IRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).

RESULTS: Male horses had a higher risk of injury to the SA (IRR 2.57; p=0.005) and tended to have a higher risk of injury to the SDFT (IRR 1.74; p=0.09) than female horses. Increasing age was associated with increased risk of injury. Horses aged 4 and ≥5 years were 6.76 (p<0.001) and 15.26 (p<0.001) times more likely to incur injury to the SDFT, and 2.91 (p=0.02) and 3.54 (p=0.005) times more likely to incur injury to the SA, respectively, than 2-year-olds. Horses were more likely to suffer an injury to the SDFT or SA in a training preparation that was not associated with any starts in official trials or races compared with those preparations that were associated with more than one start (p<0.001), and more likely to injure the SA compared with preparations containing one start (p=0.03). The IR of injury to the SDFT tended to be lower between November–January (IRR 0.78; p=0.08) and February-April (IRR 0.75; p=0.08) compared with August–October. Incidence of injury to the SDFT or SA was not associated with the cumulative distance raced in the last 30 days of a training preparation.

CONCLUSION: This study identified risk factors for injury to the SDFT and SA in Thoroughbred racehorses in New Zealand. Injuries were more likely in males, older horses and in horses in training preparations without any starts. There was no evidence of association between injury and cumulative high-speed exercise.  相似文献   

THE UTILIZATION OF PHYTATE PHOSPHORUS BY SHEEP     

R. L. REID B.Sc.Agr.    M. C. FRANKLIN M.Sc.  A.I.C.  Ph.D.  E. a. HALLSWORTH B.Sc.  Ph.D. 《Australian veterinary journal》1947,23(6):136-140

  相似文献   

A method for determining bacterial resistance and susceptibility to sulfonamides and penicillin     

REID RD  ANDERSON DT 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1946,103(2676):454-455

  相似文献