Factors Affecting the Slope of Head Rice Yield vs. Degree of Milling     

J. D. Reid  T. J. Siebenmorgen  A. Mauromoustakos 《Cereal Chemistry》1998,75(5):738-741

Milling data of four long-grain rice cultivars were analyzed to determine the uniformity in the slope of their curves for head rice yield (HRY) versus the corresponding degree of milling (DOM). The data set for each cultivar comprised samples that had been subjected to various drying air conditions and durations and milled over a range of moisture contents. All treatment combinations were split and milled for either 15, 30, 45, or 60 sec in a McGill no. 2 laboratory mill to obtain HRY versus DOM data. Linear relationships between HRY and DOM, as observed in past research, were confirmed. This implies that as rice is milled to greater extents (higher DOM), the HRY decreases linearly. Within the bounds of the experimental levels tested, neither the drying air condition nor drying duration affected the rate at which HRY changed with DOM. However, the cultivar and the moisture content at which the rice was milled significantly (P < 0.05) influenced this rate. At higher milling moisture contents, the decrease in HRY per unit of increase in the DOM was greater than at lower moisture contents. While not conclusive, there was an indication of a relationship between the average kernel thickness of a cultivar and the HRY versus DOM slope.  相似文献   

Retrospective analysis of the influence of environmental drivers on commercial stocks and fishing opportunities in the Irish Sea     

Jacob W. Bentley  Natalia Serpetti  Clive J. Fox  Johanna J. Heymans  David G. Reid 《Fisheries Oceanography》2020,29(5):415-435

Irish Sea fisheries have undergone considerable change in recent years following the decline of commercially important finfish stocks and their slow response to management's recovery plans. In 2015, the fishing industry called for a holistic exploration into the impact of environmental change and food web effects to identify the drivers underpinning stock dynamics. In this study, we identify correlations between large‐scale climatic indicators, temperature, primary and secondary productivity, and fish recruitment in the Irish Sea and incorporate them into an Ecopath with Ecosim food web model co‐created by scientists and fishers. Negative correlations were found between the North Atlantic Oscillation winter index (NAOw) and large zooplankton abundance and between the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) and the recruitment of cod (Gadus morhua) and whiting (Merlangius merlangus). Using correlation analyses to direct the addition of environmental drivers to the Irish Sea ecosystem model improved the models fit against observed biomass and catch data and revealed the indirect impacts of environmental change as mitigated through trophic interactions. Model simulations suggest that historic environmental change suppressed the overall production of commercial finfish, limiting opportunities for the fishing industry, whilst also dampening the rate of stock recovery despite marked reductions in fishing effort. These results suggest that failure to account for ecosystem information may lead to misconceived expectations and flawed fisheries management; therefore, there is a need to operationalize ecosystem information through management procedures to support fisheries advice.  相似文献   

To sea or not to sea? Multiple lines of evidence reveal the contribution of non‐diadromous recruitment for supporting endemic fish populations within New Zealand's longest river     

Bruno O. David  Matt Jarvis  Deniz zkundakci  Kevin J. Collier  Andy S. Hicks  Malcolm Reid 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2019,29(9):1409-1423

Linking size‐based trophodynamics and morphological traits in marine fishes     

María F. Ríos  Leonardo A. Venerus  Paraskevi K. Karachle  William D. K. Reid  Karim Erzini  Konstantinos I. Stergiou  David E. Galvn 《Fish and Fisheries》2019,20(2):355-367

The rule of thumb in marine trophodynamics indicates that the bigger an organism, the higher its trophic level (TROPH). This generalization leads to the assumption that fishes increase their TROPH with growth. However, a recent review showed that for many species, TROPH does not increase with body size, suggesting that size‐independent feeding is not rare in marine fishes. Here, we assessed some morphological traits of marine fishes that could potentially be used as indicators for the ability to vary TROPH with body size. Stable isotope values of nitrogen were used as a proxy TROPH. The specific objectives were as follows: (a) to evaluate the relationship between the oral gape and the trophodynamic trend and (b) to quantify the relevance of 11 external morphological traits in determining the size‐based trophodynamics. We used random forest models to identify the morphological traits that would help predict which species would have the potential to increase TROPH with growth and which would have not. The selected traits included the pelvic fin relative position, the dorsal fin shape, total length, and relative mouth size. Our results also showed a marked relationship between the rate of increase in the oral gape and TROPH. The analyses presented here provide the first comprehensive and quantitative review aiming at linking the trophodynamics of marine fishes with external morphological traits.  相似文献   

Examining the impact of shade on above-ground biomass and normalized difference vegetation index of C3 and C4 grass species in North-Western NSW,Australia          下载免费PDF全文

P. Barnes  B. R. Wilson  N. Reid  L. Bayerlein  T. B. Koen  G. Olupot 《Grass and Forage Science》2015,70(2):324-334

Previous investigations have detected a directional trend in the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) of pastures around scattered paddock trees and identified shade from the tree as the most likely causal factor. This study uses a field experiment to quantify the effect of varying levels of shade on the above-ground biomass and NDVI of three grass species native to Australia (Microlaena stipoides, C₃, shade tolerant; Austrodanthonia richardsonii, C₃, prefers full sunlight, and Chloris ventricosa, C₄, prefers full sunlight) in different seasons. The study demonstrates that shade had little influence on the above-ground biomass of C₃ species but significantly reduced biomass in the C₄ species. Until early winter, the NDVI of each species was generally significantly higher in all shaded treatments than in the no-shade treatment. This suggests that shaded plants retained a higher proportion of green biomass and/or changed leaf shape, increased leaf area and chlorophyll content. Regardless, although not proven in this experiment, it is likely shade prolonged the retention of green plant material into mid to late winter. Overall, this experiment explains the directional trends in NDVI around scattered trees found in previous work and suggests that shade from scattered trees prolongs green pasture production in a range of native grass species, without loss of C₃ pasture biomass.  相似文献   

Characterization of two groups of Pasteurella skyensis isolates from Atlantic salmon,Salmo salar L., based on serotype and 16S rRNA and rpoB gene partial sequences          下载免费PDF全文

H I Reid  T H Birkbeck 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(4):405-408

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The activity and expression of chitinase in the equine lung and its activity in normal horses and animals with recurrent airway obstruction     

Colm J. Reid  Samantha Donnelly  David J. Marlin  Jane A. Irwin 《Research in veterinary science》2009,87(1):20-25

Recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) is a chronic inflammatory condition in equine lung, which may share a common immunological basis with human asthma, in which dysregulated Th2 responses occur. Mammals express chitinases and chitinase-like proteins, two of which are active enzymes, chitotriosidase and acidic mammalian chitinase (AMCase). Both enzymes are upregulated in a range of inflammatory conditions, including asthma. We investigated the activity of chitinase in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from horses with and without RAO in response to organic dust challenges. No significant differences were found in activity, although in one study RAO animals had elevated chitinase activity that fell short of statistical significance. The pH optimum and pH lability of the activity was consistent with the presence of chitotriosidase. RT-PCR amplification of the mRNA encoding chitotriosidase and AMCase in normal equine lung showed that chitotriosidase, but not AMCase, is expressed in trachea, bronchi, and peripheral lung tissue. The gene for chitotriosidase was identified from the Equus caballus (horse) genome 1.1 database and its similarity to the same genes from other species was determined. The results of this study indicate that the involvement of chitotriosidase in RAO is uncertain.  相似文献   

Risk factors for musculoskeletal injuries in 2-year-old Thoroughbred racehorses     

Cogger N  Perkins N  Hodgson DR  Reid SW  Evans DL 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2006,74(1):36-43

Musculoskeletal injuries (MSI) in racehorses have been identified as the most common cause of lost training days and weeks spent resting at pasture. Several training-, track- and horse-related risk factors have been identified. However, there is no clear understanding of the inter-relationship between these factors. The aim of this longitudinal cohort study was to investigate risk factors for MSI in 2-year-old Thoroughbred racehorses. Australian Thoroughbred trainers were convenience sampled and enrolled in a 27-month longitudinal cohort study. The study population consisted of all 2-year-old Thoroughbred racehorses trained by a participating trainer. Horses were followed from the time of enrollment until the completion of the study or until they were lost to follow-up. Trainers were visited at approximately 14-day intervals to collect training and injury data. Training days were categorised as fast days if the maximum speed during training exceeded 800 m/min. For each horse, the first training period that included one or more fast days was analysed. A multiple logistic regression model was used to determine those horse- and training-related variables that were associated with MSI. Data from 274 horses trained by 14 trainers at five racetracks were analysed. Forty percent of the horses sustained a MSI during their first fast preparation. The average distance trained at speeds >or=800 m/min and the percentages of fast days from the first fast day until the end of the preparation were the only variables associated with MSI. After accounting for these variables there were still significant differences between trainers. This suggests that there are other training-related variables such as the rate of increase in distance trained at speeds >or=800 m/min that may be risk factors for MSI. In addition, other factors such as the level of veterinary involvement and the training centre/racetrack may be risk factors for MSI. More analysis using multi-level modelling is required to determine the relationship between trainer- and track-related risk factors.  相似文献   

Emerging and established: the work continues     

Mellor DJ  Menzies FD  Reid SW 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2006,74(1):1-2

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Otolith chemistry of triplefin Forsterygion nigripenne indicates estuarine residency     

Taddese  Fasil  Reid  Malcolm  Heim-Ballew  Heidi  Jarvis  Matt G.  Closs  Gerard P. 《Fisheries Science》2021,87(3):271-281

Fisheries Science - Understanding the role different habitats play in the life histories of fishes is important for the development of holistic aquatic ecosystem management plans. We used otolith...  相似文献