Triterpenoids isolated from Zizyphus jujuba inhibit foam cell formation in macrophages     

Fujiwara Y  Hayashida A  Tsurushima K  Nagai R  Yoshitomi M  Daiguji N  Sakashita N  Takeya M  Tsukamoto S  Ikeda T 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(9):4544-4552

Because foam cell formation in macrophages is believed to play an essential role in the progression of early atherosclerotic lesions in vivo, prevention of foam cell formation is considered to be one of the major targets for the treatment of atherosclerosis. The present study examined the inhibitory effect of 50 crude plant extracts on foam cell formation. Among those crude extracts, Zizyphi Fructus (ZF) and Zizyphi Semen (ZS) extracts significantly inhibited the foam cell formation induced by acetylated LDL. Furthermore, triterpenoids such as oleanonic acid, pomolic acid, and pomonic acid were the major active compounds, and triterpenoids containing a carboxylic acid at C-28 play an important role in the inhibitory effect on foam cell formation in human macrophages. These data suggest that triterpenoids in Zizyphus jujuba , the plant source of ZF and ZS, may therefore be useful for the prevention of atherosclerosis.  相似文献   

Effects of whey protein hydrolysate on growth promotion and immunomodulation in mouse pups in artificial rearing system     

Shiro Takeda  Akiko Harauma  Mariko Okamoto  Hirofumi Enomoto  Toshiji Kudo  Takehito Suzuki  Wataru Mizunoya  Toru Moriguchi 《Animal Science Journal》2020,91(1)

This study aimed to investigate the effects of whey protein hydrolysate (WPH) on the growth and immunity of mouse pups in artificial rearing (AR) system. Mouse pups were reared in the AR system with artificial milk including 5% WPH (AR with WPH) or not (AR without WPH), and the remaining pups were reared by their mother (dam) for 14 days after birth. The body weight change and body weight gain rates in the AR with WPH group were significantly higher than those observed in the AR without WPH group and similar to those in the dam group. Moreover the feed and protein efficiencies in the AR with WPH group were significantly higher than those of the AR without WPH group. In addition, the supplement of WPH in the AR system was shown to significantly elevate the number of CD3⁺CD8⁺, B220⁺CD19⁺, IA/IE⁺CD11c⁺, and CD11b⁺ in the thymocyte and/or splenocyte, and the thymus weight. Furthermore, MALDI‐TOF/MS analysis identified the amino acid sequences corresponding to some peptides, and indicated that VRTPEVDDE had the highest relative intensity among the peptides from tested WPH. Therefore, WPH would be required to not only promote growth, but also exert immunomodulatory activities in mouse pups in AR system.  相似文献   

Formation of the thiocyanate conjugate of chlorogenic acid in coffee under acidic conditions in the presence of thiocyanate and nitrite: possible occurrence in the stomach     

Takahama U  Tanaka M  Oniki T  Hirota S  Yamauchi R 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(10):4169-4176

The objective of the present study was to elucidate how chlorogenic acid in coffee was transformed under acidic conditions simulating the mixture of saliva and gastric juice. When coffee was incubated in acidified saliva that contained nitrite and SCN-, in addition to nitric oxide (NO), four major components were detected. Two of the four components (components 3 and 4) were generated when chlorogenic acid was incubated in acidified saliva and when incubated in an acidic buffer solution in the presence of both nitrite and SCN-. By the incubation of chlorogenic acid in acidic nitrite in the absence of SCN-, components 3 and 4 were not formed but the quinone of chlorogenic acid and nitrated chlorogenic acid were formed. The result indicates that SCN- was indispensable for nitrous acid induced formation of components 3 and 4. Component 4 was isolated and its structure was determined to be (E)-5'-(3-(7-hydroxy-2-oxobenzo[d] [1,3]oxathiol-4-yl)acryloyloxy)quinic acid. Component 3, which was suggested to be 2-thiocyanatochlorogenic acid, seemed to be formed by the reaction between SCN- and the quinone of chlorogenic acid. As it has been reported that the quinone of chlorogenic acid can react with thiols and can decompose producing H2O2, the formation of component 4 can reduce the toxic effects of the quinone of chlorogenic acid.  相似文献   

Incidence of ovulation without coital stimuli in captive Japanese black bears (Ursus thibetanus japonicus) based on serum progesterone profiles     

Okano T  Nakamura S  Nakashita R  Komatsu T  Murase T  Asano M  Tsubota T 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2006,68(10):1133-1137

The purpose of this study was to ascertain whether or not Japanese black bears (Ursus thibetanus japonicus) are induced ovulators. The progesterone levels of female bears kept with a male and allowed to mate (n=2) and female bears allowed contact with a male through bars but not allowed to mate (n=6) during the mating season increased significantly in late October. Based on this result, the female bears were considered to have ovulated. Females isolated from males (n=3) were ovarioectomized after the mating season, and no corpora lutea were observed, indicating they had not ovulated. These findings suggest that Japanese black bears may be induced ovulators that ovulate with stimuli from males and without coitus at a high rate.  相似文献   

Persorption of luminal antigenic molecule and its specific antibody via apoptotic epithelial cells of intestinal villi and Peyer's patches into peripheral blood in rats     

Yuji M  Tsubata M  Chin K  Onishi S  Inamoto T  Qi WM  Warita K  Yokoyama T  Hoshi N  Kitagawa H 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2006,68(12):1297-1305

The possibility of persorption of bovine serum albumin (BSA) molecules from mucous epithelial cells and its mechanism were investigated in rats orally pre-immunized by BSA for 14 consecutive days. In the small and large intestines, both the BSA antigen (BSA-Ag) and its specific antibody (SpAb) were absorbed by the epithelial cells at the late apoptotic stage (ApoEp), and were subsequently transcytosed by membranes of the small vesicles. The basal cytoplasms containing highly-concentrated BSA-Ag and SpAb were occasionally fragmented into small cytoplasmic droplets that were secreted into the lamina propria. In Peyer's patches, both BSA-Ag and SpAb were more actively absorbed and transcytosed toward the dome area by the ApoEp of the dome apex than by the M cells. BSA-Ag and SpAb were finally persorbed into the portal blood and lymph, but were never secreted into the bile. They were also engulfed by macrophage-like cells in the villous lamina propria, mesenteric lymph node and spleen, and by hepatocytes in the liver. These findings suggest that sensitized soluble luminal antigens are taken up by ApoEp in the small intestine and are finally persorbed into the peripheral blood. The uptake of luminal antigen might be mediated by its luminal SpAb.  相似文献   

Leukotoxin family genes in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from domestic animals and prevalence of lukM-lukF-PV genes by bacteriophages in bovine isolates     

Yamada T  Tochimaru N  Nakasuji S  Hata E  Kobayashi H  Eguchi M  Kaneko J  Kamio Y  Kaidoh T  Takeuchi S 《Veterinary microbiology》2005,110(1-2):97-103

Leukotoxin family genes in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from domestic animals were examined by polymerase chain reaction. LukS and lukF genes were detected in all 48 avian and 72 porcine isolates of S. aureus. LukE and lukD genes, located in a putative staphylococcal pathogenicity island (Sapln3/Saplm3), were recognized in 44 (91.7%) of 48 avian isolates, but these genes were not detected in porcine isolates. In 297 bovine isolates collected from mastitic cow's milk and bulk milk from dairy farms in two regions, lukM and lukF-PV(P83) genes in addition to lukS-lukF and lukE-lukD genes were detected in 100 (62.5%) of the 160 isolates from Ishikawa and in118 (86.1%) of the 137 isolates from Hokkaido. When the lysogeny of S. aureus bovine isolates was examined by treatment with mitomycin C, clearing of the culture due to cell lysis was observed in 34 (91.9%) of 37 lukM-lukF-PV(P83) genes--positive isolates. In addition, we isolated a novel lukM-lukF-PV(P83)-carrying (designated phiLukM), and revealed that the lukM-lukF-PV(P83) genes were located very close to an amidase gene on the temperate phage genomes. These results suggest horizontal transmission of lukM-lukF-PV(P83) genes by temperate bacteriophages in S. aureus of bovine origin.  相似文献   

Structural gene and strain specificity of a novel cysteine protease produced by Staphylococcus aureus isolated from a diseased chicken     

Takeuchi S  Matsunaga K  Inubushi S  Higuchi H  Imaizumi K  Kaidoh T 《Veterinary microbiology》2002,89(2-3):201-210

Recently whole genome sequencing of Staphylococcus aureus has revealed the genes encoding cysteine proteases such as staphopain and SspB. In this study, we cloned and sequenced the structural gene (ScpA) encoding a cysteine (thiol) protease of S. aureus strain CH-91 from a chicken with dermatitis using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and inverse PCR methods. The sequence information revealed a coding sequence (CDS) of 1200 nucleotides encoding the ScpA preproenzyme of 399 amino acids with a molecular mass of 45,071 Da. The deduced amino acid sequence of the ScpA differed at many positions from those of staphopain and SspB with identities of 64 and 42%, respectively. In the Southern blot analysis with a total DNA of S. aureus strain CH-91, the ScpA probe hybridized with a single 7.7 kb XbaI fragment or 2.8 and 0.8 kb EcoRI fragments, whereas the staphopain and SspB probes did not hybridize with these DNA fragments. These results suggest that this ScpA gene is a single-copy gene and is a novel gene, which is not found in the published whole genome sequences of S. aureus. In immunoblot, PCR, and Southern blot assays, the ScpA or its gene was detected in high protease-producing strains from chickens, but was not recognized in bovine and porcine strains or low protease-producing avian strains. These results indicate that the ScpA of CH-91 type may be specific to the high protease-producing strains of S. aureus from chickens, namely, there is a strain specificity of the ScpA.  相似文献   

Bacterial lipopolysaccharide induces mRNA expression of an IkappaB MAIL through toll-like receptor 4     

Kitamura H  Kanehira K  Shiina T  Morimatsu M  Jung BD  Akashi S  Saito M 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2002,64(5):419-422

Molecule possessing ankyrin-repeats induced by lipopolysaccharide (MAIL) is a nuclear IkappaB protein recently identified as a molecule appearing in immunocompetent organs after administration of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Participation of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4, which is a major form of LPS receptors, in the LPS-induced MAIL expression was investigated. When a human myelomonocytic cell line U937 was treated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate for 3 days, the LPS-induced MAIL expression was much potentiated in parallel with an increase in TLR4 expression. The MAIL induction was attenuated when the cells were treated with a neutralizing antibody against TLR4. The in vivo induction of MAIL in the spleen was smaller in mice having a missense mutation of the Tlr4 gene than in normal control mice. These results collectively indicate that TLR4 contributes, at least in part, MAIL induction after LPS stimulation.  相似文献   

Comparative hepatotoxicity of a herbicide,epyrifenacil, in humans and rodents by comparing the dynamics and kinetics of its causal metabolite     

Kohei Matsunaga  Satoki Fukunaga  Jun Abe  Hayato Takeuchi  Sachiko Kitamoto  Yoshitaka Tomigahara 《Journal of Pesticide Science》2021,46(4):333

A new herbicide, epyrifenacil (S-3100), inhibits protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) in plants. Repeated administration of epyrifenacil in laboratory animals led to some toxicological changes related to PPO inhibition, e.g., hepatotoxicity caused by porphyrin accumulation and anemia caused by the inhibition of heme biosynthesis. In vitro studies revealed that an ester-cleaved metabolite, S-3100-CA, is predominant in mammals, exhibits PPO-inhibitory activity, and thus is the cause of epyrifenacil-induced toxicity. To assess the human risk, the effects of species differences on the dynamics (PPO inhibition) and kinetics (liver uptake) of epyrifenacil were evaluated separately. The results of in vitro assays revealed an approximately tenfold weaker inhibition of PPO by S-3100-CA in humans than in rodents and six- to thirteen-fold less hepatic uptake of S-3100-CA in humans than in mice. Finally, it was suggested that humans are less sensitive to the toxicity of epyrifenacil than are rodents, although further mechanistic research is highly anticipated.  相似文献   

Comparative QTL mapping for male sterility of cultivated strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) using different reference genome sequences     

Takuya Wada  Hiyori Monden  Sachiko Isobe  Kenta Shirasawa  Takayuki Sueyoshi  Chiharu Hirata  Miyuki Mori  Shiro Nagamatsu  Yoshiki Tanaka 《Breeding Science》2021,71(4):456

Male sterility is one of the reproductive isolation systems in plants and quite useful for F₁ seed production. We previously identified three independent quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for male sterility of cultivated strawberry, Here, we identified the specific subgenomes in which these QTLs are located by QTL-seq approach. QTLs qMS4.1, qMS4.2, and qMS4.3 were mapped separately in subgenomes Fvb4-4, Fvb4-3, and Fvb4-1, respectively, in ‘Camarosa’ genome assembly v. 1.0.a1. Candidate regions of qMS4.1 and qMS4.3 were clearly detected around 12–26 Mb in Fvb4-4 and 12–14 Mb in Fvb4-1, respectively; those of qMS4.2 were fragmented in Fvb4-3, which suggests that some scaffolds were incorrectly assembled in Fvb4-3. qMS4.3 was mapped to chr4X1 of ‘Reikou’ genome assembly r2.3, and qMS4.1 and qMS4.2 were both mapped to chr4Av, which indicates that differentiation of the subgenomes in which both QTLs are located was insufficient in ‘Reikou’ r2.3. Although ‘Camarosa’ genome assembly v. 1.0.a1 is an unphased map, which merges homologous chromosomes into one sequence, ‘Reikou’ genome assembly r2.3 is a phased map, which separates homologous chromosomes. QTL mapping to different reference genomes clearly showed the specific features of each reference genome, and that using different kinds of reference map could accelerate fine mapping and map-based cloning of certain genes of cultivated strawberry.  相似文献