Production and characterization of films from cotton stalk xylan   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Goksu EI  Karamanlioglu M  Bakir U  Yilmaz L  Yilmazer U 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(26):10685-10691

Composite film production based on cotton stalk xylan was studied, and the mechanical and physical properties of the films formed were investigated. Xylan and lignin were separated from cellulose by alkali extraction and, then, lignin was removed using ethanol washing. Self-supporting continuous films could not be produced using pure cotton stalk xylan. However, film formation was achieved using 8-14% (w/w) xylan without complete removal of lignin during xylan isolation. Keeping about 1% lignin in xylan (w/w) was determined to be sufficient for film formation. Films were produced by casting the film-forming solutions, followed by solvent evaporation in a temperature (20 degrees C) and relative humidity (40%) controlled environment. The elastic modulus and hypothetical coating strength of the films obtained by using 8% xylan were significantly different from the ones containing 10-14% xylan. The water vapor transfer rates (WVTR) decreased with increasing xylan concentration, which made the films thicker. The glycerol addition as an additional plasticizer resulting in more stretchable films having higher WVTR and lower water solubility values. As a result, film production was successfully achieved from xylan, which was extracted from an agricultural waste (cotton stalk), and the film-forming effect of lignin on pure xylan has been demonstrated.  相似文献   

Cardiac metastasising rhabdomyosarcoma in a great Dane     

Akkoc A  Ozyigit MO  Yilmaz R  Alasonyalilar A  Cangul IT 《The Veterinary record》2006,158(23):803-804

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Prevalence of feline coronavirus antibodies in cats in Bursa province,Turkey, by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay     

Annamaria Pratelli  Kadir Yesilbag  Marcello Siniscalchi  Ebru Yalçm  Zeki Yilmaz 《Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery》2009,11(10):881-884

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Application of a fuzzy rule-based method for the determination of clay dispersibility     

Ismail Zorluer  Yilmaz Icaga 《Geoderma》2010,160(2):189-196

Some clay soils are highly susceptible to erosion and piping because of dispersion or deflocculation in pore water. These soils, called “dispersive clay soil” in geotechnical engineering, are structurally unstable, easily dispersive and, thus, highly erodible. There are many tests to determine dispersibility both physically and chemically. However, these tests can give different results for the same soil sample. Therefore, more than one test should be used to identify dispersive soils more accurately. In previous research, the discriminant method was used to combine these test results. In this study, a fuzzy logic approximation method was developed to combine the different results of the double hydrometer, pinhole, Na(%)-TDS and ESP-CEC methods into a single value. This new method was applied to the dispersibility test results of 29 samples, and it gave more reliable and objective results for identifying the dispersibility of the clay soil.  相似文献   

Prognostic value of serum acute-phase proteins in dogs with parvoviral enteritis     

M. Kocaturk  S. Martinez  O. Eralp  A. Tvarijonaviciute  J. Ceron  Z. Yilmaz 《The Journal of small animal practice》2010,51(9):478-483

Objective : To evaluate the acute-phase protein response in dogs with parvoviral enteritis as predictor of the clinical outcome. Methods : Canine parvovirus infection was diagnosed based on the compatible clinical findings and confirmed by the canine parvovirus antigen test in 43 dogs of less than six months of age. Blood samples for complete blood cell count and acute-phase proteins (C-reactive protein, haptoglobin, ceruloplasmin and albumin) were collected before treatment. Twenty-three dogs died during or after treatment (non-survival) and the rest recovered (survival). Five healthy dogs were enrolled as control. Results : Serum C-reactive protein, ceruloplasmin and haptoglobin levels in dogs with parvoviral enteritis were higher (P<0·001, P<0·01 and P<0·001, respectively), but serum albumin was lower (P<0·001) than those in controls. Mean C-reactive protein and ceruloplasmin values in non-survival were higher (P<0·01) than those for survival dogs. C-reactive protein was found to be superior to ceruloplasmin, haptoglobin and albumin for distinguishing survival from non-survival dogs. Values higher than 92·4 mg/l for C-reactive protein had a sensitivity of 91% to predict mortality. Clinical Significance : The magnitude of the increase in serum acute-phase proteins in dogs with parvoviral enteritis could be a useful indicator of the prognosis of the disease. In acute-phase proteins, C-reactive protein is a potent predictor of mortality in dogs with parvoviral enteritis.  相似文献   

Effect of experimental therapeutic ultrasound on the distal antebrachial growth plates in one-month-old rabbits     

Ogurtan Z  Celik I  Izci C  Boydak M  Alkan F  Yilmaz K 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2002,164(3):280-287

The effect of therapeutic ultrasound (US) on the growth plates of growing bone was determined through fluorescence labelling and histopathological evaluation in one-month-old rabbits. Mean growth rates and mean heights of the growth plates of the US exposed radius vs. control radius, and US exposed ulna vs. control ulna showed no statistically significant differences at all intensities and time intervals. Mean growth rates and heights of the growth plates of the US exposed radius for 0.2 W/cm(2) (SATA) US vs. 0.5 W/cm(2) US showed the same type of pattern compared to those of the control radius for 0.2 W/cm(2)vs. 0.5 W/cm(2) at days 10, 15 and 20. Similar results were also found for the ulna. Effects of 0.5 W/cm(2) US on the mean growth rates and mean heights of the growth plates were superior to those of 0.2 W/cm(2) US at day 10. The results at day 10 were reversed for the same comparisons at days 15 and 20. No cavitation effect of US was observed on growth plate cells. There was no evidence of partial or complete premature closure of the growth plates or of angular deformity of the carpal region.  相似文献   

Properties of a citrus isolate of olive latent virus 1, a new necrovirus     

G. P. Martelli  M. A. Yilmaz  V. Savino  S. Baloglu  F. Grieco  M. E. Güldür  N. Greco  R. Lafortezza 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1996,102(6):527-536

A virus was recovered by sap transmission from plants of several citrus species exhibiting or not symptoms of chlorotic dwarf (CCD), a disease recently reported from Eastern Mediterranean Turkey. The virus was identified as an isolate of olive latent virus 1 (OLV-1), originally described as a possible sobemovirus. The citrus isolate of OLV-1 (OLV-1/Tk) possesses biological, morphological, physico-chemical, and ultrastructural properties similar, if not identical to those of the OLV-1 type strain and is also serologically indistinguishable from it. In addition, OLV-1/Tk has many properties, especially physico-chemical, in common with serotypes A and D of tobacco necrosis necrovirus (TNV-A and TNV-D). However, OLV-1/Tk is only very distantly related serologically to both TNV-A and D, suggesting that it can be regarded as a distinct species in the genusNecrovirus. OLV-1/Tk could not be detected in citrus tissues by ELIS A or dot-blot molecular hybridization, probably because of the extremely low virus concentration. By contrast, limited virus recovery was obtained by sap inoculation and fair detection rates were afforded by PCR. OLV-1/Tk was identified in 54 of 92 (59%) citrus plants affected by CCD and in 14 of 49 (28%) symptomless plants. These results do not support the notion that there is a cause-effect relationship between OLV-1/Tk and CCD, even though the more frequent association of this virus with diseased plants remains intriguing.  相似文献   

Studies on differential response of wheat cultivars to boron toxicity   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

M. Kalayci  A. Alkan  I. Çakmak  O. Bayramoğlu  A. Yilmaz  M. Aydin  V. Ozbek  H. Ekiz  F. Ozberisoy 《Euphytica》1998,100(1-3):123-129

Experiments were carried out to study the differential responses of different wheat cultivars to boron toxicity in field, greenhouse and growth chamber conditions. In field trials carried out at two locations, both of which are known to contain toxic amounts of water-extractable B, significant correlations were obtained between toxicity symptoms and grain yields. The only durum cultivar included in this group of experiments (Kunduru 1149) was the most sensitive of the 21 cultivars trialed. The most tolerant cultivars were of local origin. Genotype-environment interaction was considerably large. Twenty-nine bread wheat and three durum wheat cultivars were compared in a greenhouse experiment with and without the application of 40 mg L^-1 B. Again, the durums were the most sensitive cultivars. The most tolerant cultivars were either selections from local populations or had at least one parent of local origin. The detrimental effect of B on root dry matter production was much higher than on shoot dry matter (45 and 26%, respectively), but genotypical variation was greater in shoot growth retardation. While this implies the possible role of reduced translocation, high concentrations of B in the shoots of tolerant cultivars (though lower than in the sensitive cultivars) indicated the existence of other contributing mechanisms, such as tissue tolerance. Also, greater genotypical variation in older leaves showed that reduced uptake might be more important than reduced translocation in some cases. Due to the lack of correlation between results from the field and the controlled-environment studies, it was concluded that screenings should be undertaken in both situations as a means of verification. Another conclusion drawn was that symptom scoring for B tolerance was more reliable than measuring plant B concentrations. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Radiological risk assessment of fish feed and feed raw materials     

Mesut Yilmaz  Suleyman Fatih Ozmen 《Aquaculture Research》2020,51(6):2190-2196

In this study, natural radioactivity concentrations of fish feed and feed raw materials were assessed. Several feeds and raw materials were provided from the suppliers who dominate the aquaculture sector. ²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th and ⁴⁰K concentrations were determined by using a high‐purity germanium detector. The measured activity concentrations of samples ranged from 3.28 ± 0.27 to 15.90 ± 1.36, from 1.27 ± 0.10 to 12.07 ± 1.21 and from 52.01 ± 2.60 to 1,158.96 ± 54.42 Bq/kg for ²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th and ⁴⁰K respectively. The gamma dose rate and annual effective dose rate of samples were calculated to be in the range of 1.99–50.47 nGy/h and 2.44–61.89 µSv/yr respectively. Since the calculated radiological risk parameters of the samples were lower than the world wide average values, the radiation hazard is insignificant for human handlers.  相似文献   

Effects of sodium selenite on some biochemical and hematological parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792) exposed to Pb2+ and Cu2+     

Ates B  Orun I  Talas ZS  Durmaz G  Yilmaz I 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2008,34(1):53-59

This study was carried out to understand the preventive effect of selenium (Se⁴⁺) on heavy metal stress induced by lead and copper in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Variation in glutathione peroxidase (Se-GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in liver, spleen, heart, and brain tissues of rainbow trout after 72 h of exposure to Pb²⁺ and Cu²⁺ were investigated in the presence and absence of Se⁴⁺. In the presence of Se⁴⁺, Se-GSH-Px activity and SOD activity were found to be higher and MDA levels were lower compared with in its absence. Hematological parameters were also determined and it has been observed that total leukocyte count (WBC), mean cell volume (MCV), and mean cell hemoglobin (MCH) were increased and erythrocyte number (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), and hematocrit value (Hct; P < 0.05) were decreased in fish exposed to heavy metals in the absence of selenium. Selenium presence recovered hematological parameters to normal levels. In the light of our findings, it could be stated that Pb²⁺ and Cu²⁺ lead to dramatic changes in biochemical and hematological parameters and selenium caused these parameters to converge to control levels when it was administered concurrently with these heavy metals.  相似文献