体外法优化肉鸡日粮非淀粉多糖酶     

何科林  萨仁娜  高杰  李东卫  庄晓峰  张宏福 《中国农业科学》2012,45(21):4457-4464

【目的】探讨非淀粉多糖酶对肉鸡玉米日粮和小麦日粮离体消化能的调控。【方法】首先采用单因素随机试验设计,测定非淀粉多糖酶与日粮离体消化能的剂量关系。5种非淀粉多糖（non-starch polysaccharides,NSP）酶分别为：木聚糖酶、β-葡聚糖酶、纤维素酶、果胶酶和β-甘露聚糖酶,在肉鸡玉米-豆粕和小麦-豆粕日粮中分别添加0、100、200、300、400、500、600、700、800和900 µg•g-1,分析NSP酶改善日粮离体消化能的作用效果。然后采用二次回归旋转正交组合试验设计,筛选两种日粮中5种NSP酶的最佳酶谱。离体消化能的测定采用胃蛋白酶-胰液素两步酶水解法。【结果】5种非淀粉多糖酶对离体消化能的调控效应显示规律性的“S”型曲线,木聚糖酶对玉米-豆粕、小麦-豆粕日粮的离体消化能提升程度较高,分别提高0.24和0.40 MJ•kg-1。在本试验条件下,玉米-豆粕日粮的最佳酶谱为：木聚糖酶34 836.4 U•kg-1、β-葡聚糖酶6 762.0 U•kg-1、纤维素酶1 159.2 U•kg-1、果胶酶872.6 U•kg-1和β-甘露聚糖酶24 535.9 U•kg-1;小麦-豆粕日粮的最佳酶谱为：木聚糖酶65 405.5 U•kg-1、β-葡聚糖酶10 131.5 U•kg-1、纤维素酶980.0 U•kg-1、果胶酶501.6 U•kg-1和β-甘露聚糖酶5 141.4 U•kg-1。【结论】肉鸡玉米-豆粕日粮、小麦-豆粕日粮中5种NSP酶联合使用能够改善日粮的离体消化能。  相似文献   

圈养条件下麻鸭日粮中添加菹草对产蛋率和蛋黄着色的影响   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

丁思  杨红建  萨仁娜  芮巧云  张宏福 《草业学报》2010,19(6):87-92

菹草是一种富含胡萝卜素的眼子菜科水生植物,广泛分布在河北白洋淀湖区。就菹草不同添加方式对蛋鸭产蛋率和蛋黄颜色等蛋品质的影响进行了研究。结果表明,在产蛋率方面,B日粮组(52.6%鲜菹草+47.3%基础日粮)和C日粮组(20%风干菹草+80%基础日粮)相比差异不显著,但二者比对照组(基础日粮)分别显著提高7.9%和4.2%(P<0.05);试验各组日粮蛋重、蛋形指数、蛋比重指标无显著差异;C日粮组蛋壳强度、厚度与对照组相比差异不显著,但B日粮组蛋壳强度、厚度显著低于对照组(P<0.05);B日粮组鸭蛋哈氏单位显著低于对照组(P<0.05),但C组与对照组相比差异不显著;B日粮组和C日粮组蛋黄色度分别比对照组显著增加76.5%和67.3%(P<0.05)。总之,采用避光风干制备菹草粉是有效保留其类胡萝卜素最为经济的干燥方式。蛋鸭日粮中添加风干菹草粉可有效提高蛋鸭生产性能,并显著增加蛋黄色度等蛋品质性状,上述结果为科学合理使用白洋淀菹草来实现常年生产天然红心鸭蛋提供了实践指导依据。  相似文献   

基于MODIS影像的湖泊动态变化遥感监测——以巴里坤湖为例   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

邢文渊  肖继东  沙依然  师庆东 《草业科学》2009,26(7):28-31

利用2005-2008年250 m×250 m的EOS/MODIS卫星资料,通过预处理、几何校正,在C++环境下,进行水体判识与面积计算,对巴里坤湖区面积进行了计算,得到了逐旬的遥感动态监测数据,结果表明：随着温度和降水的季节性改变,巴里坤湖面积呈现周期性变化,自11月下旬湖区进入结冰期直至次年3月中下旬逐步解冻,5-6月湖区面积出现第1次峰值,为融雪积水,7-8月也会出现一次峰值,为降水所致。  相似文献   

Insecticide resistance in field populations of Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in West Africa     

Thomas A Houndété  Guillaume K Kétoh  Omer SA Hema  Thierry Brévault  Isabelle A Glitho  Thibaud Martin 《Pest management science》2010,66(11):1181-1185

BACKGROUND: The tobacco whitefly, Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), has developed a high degree of resistance to several chemical classes of insecticides throughout the world. To evaluate the resistance status in West Africa, eight insecticides from different chemical families were tested using the leaf‐dip method on four field populations collected from cotton in Benin, Togo and Burkina Faso. RESULTS: Some field populations showed a significant loss of susceptibility to pyrethroids such as deltamethrin [resistance ratio (RR) 3–5] and bifenthrin (RR 4–36), to organophosphates (OPs) such as dimethoate (RR 8–15) and chlorpyrifos (RR 5–7) and to neonicotinoids such as acetamiprid (RR 7–8) and thiamethoxam (RR 3–7). Bemisia tabaci was also resistant to pymetrozine (RR 3–18) and to endosulfan (RR 14–30). CONCLUSION: The resistance of B. tabaci to pyrethroids and OPs is certainly due to their systematic use in cotton treatments for more than 30 years. Acetamiprid has been recently introduced for the control of whiteflies. Unfortunately, B. tabaci populations from Burkina Faso seem to be already resistant. Because cross‐resistance between these compounds has never been observed elsewhere, resistance to neonicotinoids could be due to the presence of an invasive B. tabaci biotype recently detected in the region. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

单板含水率环形表面电阻检测法的研究     

撒潮  张璧光 《木材工业》2000,14(5):3-5,9

本文提出利用定压力、环形点、表面接触式探头、以单板表面电阻为表征其含水率参量,配合计算机系统,实现单板含水率及其分布特征的快速、无损检测新方法。  相似文献   

Formation of mutagenic/carcinogenic heterocyclic amines in dry-heated model systems, meats, and meat drippings.     

P Pais  C P Salmon  M G Knize  J S Felton 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》1999,47(3):1098-1108

Mixtures of amino acids, creatine, and glucose simulating the composition of six different kinds of meats (beef, chicken breast, chicken thigh, turkey breast, pork, and fish) were dry-heated to simulate the formation of heterocyclic amines in meats. The presence of 16 heterocyclic amines was investigated in the model systems and in the six meats and their corresponding meat drippings to determine the importance of meat composition to heterocyclic amine formation. Nine mutagenic amines (IQ, MeIQ, 8-MeIQx, 4,8-DiMeIQx, PhIP, IQx, IFP, DMIP, and TMIP) were found to be present at concentrations >0.1 ng/g in some of the model systems and in some of the meats or pan residues. Heterocyclic amine concentrations clearly are affected by precursor composition in this model system, and the same nine heterocyclic amines formed in the meat and in the model system show that this is a well-controlled surrogate for the reaction conditions that occur in meats during cooking.  相似文献   

Linking forest dynamics to richness and assemblage of soil zoological groups and to soil mineralization processes     

Sandrine Salmon  Lorenzo Frizzera  Sylvaine Camaret 《Forest Ecology and Management》2008

We conducted a study in a spruce forest, grown on a sub-acidic bedrock, in the Italian Alps in order to assess whether (1) forest dynamics influences animal communities, and in particular whether the richness of zoological groups peaks during the regeneration phase, (2) the diversity of zoological groups is correlated to C mineralization, considered as a measurement of soil functioning, (3) aspect influences the above relationships. We compared soil animal communities, soil physico-chemical features and nutrient mineralization in three developmental phases of spruce, with increasing tree cover (clearing, regeneration and mature trees) and two sun exposures (North, South). Animal communities changed with spruce dynamics. Mature spruce stands were characterized by higher densities of Acari, while regeneration stands and clearings were mainly characterized by higher densities of Collembola and most groups of macrofauna. As hypothesized, the richness of zoological groups was highest in regeneration stands, especially in the south facing site, probably because of the simultaneous occurrence of a dense herbaceous cover and spruce litter, leading to higher local soil heterogeneity. However, zoological group diversity (Shannon index), which was lowest in mature stands, was better explained by the herbaceous cover, i.e., by the quality of food resources, in both south and north facing sites. Variations of soil characteristics with the developmental phase of trees, reflecting a higher litter input and slower litter decomposition rate beneath mature trees, are in line with the distribution of zoological groups. As expected, the diversity of zoological groups was positively correlated to C mineralization. Changes in animal communities with phases of the forest cycle were much more pronounced in the south compared to the north facing site. In light of previously published results, we discuss how the diversity and composition of soil animal communities are plant driven.  相似文献   

基于β射线的单板密度检测实验     

李丽  撒潮  庞友会  赵剑 《林业机械与木工设备》2008,36(5):10-12

介绍了用β射线对单板密度进行检测实验,重点研究了木材厚度和β射线透射时间对单板密度检测结果的影响,并对其进行分析,得出了将β射线检测法用于单板密度的在线、无损自动检测上的应用条件.  相似文献   

人凝血因子Ⅸ乳腺特异表达载体的构建及细胞转染   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

韩雪洁  萨日娜  梁浩  李雪玲  李荣凤 《中国农业科学》2014,47(4):769-778

【目的】人凝血因子Ⅸ（human coagulation factor Ⅸ,hFIX）是凝血过程中的关键因子,对临床治疗血友病有着极其重要的意义。研究旨在构建人凝血因子Ⅸ乳腺表达载体,在猪乳腺上皮细胞中验证其乳腺特异表达能力,获得hFIX转基因雌性乳腺上皮细胞和猪胎儿成纤维细胞,为克隆乳腺特异表达人凝血因子Ⅸ的转基因猪做准备。【方法】按照TaKaRa公司RNAiso Reagent和Prime Script RT-PCR试剂盒的说明书,从人胎儿肝脏中提取RNA并扩增出人凝血因子Ⅸ（human coagulation factor Ⅸ,hFIX）cDNA序列,利用PCR方法扩增牛生长激素(BGH) polyA序列,将hFIX的cDNA序列与BGH polyA序列分别连接到表达载体pbCSN2-RC的牛酪蛋白（CSN2）启动子之后,构建带有新霉素抗性和红色荧光蛋白双筛选标记的乳腺特异性表达载体pbCSN2-hFIX-pA-RC。取本地屠宰的泌乳期猪乳房组织,利用组织块种植法培养猪乳腺细胞,并通过控时消化分离纯化猪乳腺上皮细胞,进行染色体分析后,挑选含有正常染色体数目的细胞,通过脂质体法将表达载体导入,经过G418筛选获得稳定表达红色荧光蛋白的转基因细胞,反转录、实时定量PCR验证乳腺表达载体构建的合理性和有效性。为了只对雌性胎儿成纤维细胞进行转基因操作,首先对培养的猪胎儿成纤维细胞进行SRY基因PCR扩增,确定其性别。之后,利用脂质体将证明有效的表达载体导入细胞,并进行G418和红色荧光蛋白表达筛选,对经过鉴定的阳性细胞进行扩大培养和冷冻保存,为下一步的体细胞克隆做准备。【结果】经PCR和酶切鉴定,人凝血因子ⅨcDNA和BGH PolyA成功克隆到载体pbCSN2-RC中,获得具有双筛选标记的pbCSN2-hFIX-pA-RC。转染后G418和红色荧光蛋白表达阳性的猪乳腺上皮细胞,经实时定量PCR鉴定,hFIX有高效表达,证明所构建载体具有指导人FIX在乳腺特异表达的能力,可以用于生产乳腺特异表达的动物。将构建的载体转入雌性猪胎儿成纤维细胞,经G418和红色荧光蛋白的表达筛选,成功获得hFIX转基因阳性细胞。【结论】pbCSN2-RC所含的牛β-酪蛋白启动子可以成功特异性诱导hFIX在猪乳腺细胞的特异表达,获得的hFIX转基因阳性猪胎儿成纤维细胞,为下一步通过体细胞克隆培育hFIX乳腺生物反应器奠定了基础。  相似文献   

山楂PCR－SSCP反应体系与反应条件的优化     

撒云俐  那冬晨 《安徽农业科学》2016,44(33)

[目的]优化山楂PCR-SSCP反应体系与反应条件。[方法]以山楂为材料,采用改良的CTAB法分步提取叶绿体DNA和核DNA,对PCR-SSCP引物进行筛选,同时进行PCR-SSCP反应体系和反应条件的优化,琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测PCR扩增产物,非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳检测变性后的PCR扩增产物。[结果]rop B、rop L、rpo C1、ITS2、psb A-trn H 5对引物适用于山楂PCR-SSCP分析。电泳时,采用6%聚丙烯酰胺凝胶(交联度29∶1),4℃恒温,200 V恒压,上样缓冲液(不含甘油)与PCR产物等量混合,98℃碱(1%Na OH)变性15 min,电泳缓冲液为0.5×TBE,电泳3~4 h可得到较好的山楂PCR-SSCP电泳图谱。[结论]建立了山楂PCR-SSCP最优反应体系与反应条件,为山楂SSCP分析奠定基础。  相似文献