The T.M.E. System of Feed Evaluation. I.R. Sibbald, Animal Research Centre Contribution 83‐1, Animal Research Centre, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Physiology and Behaviour of the Pigeon, edited by M. Abs. 1983. 360 pages, illustrated. London, Academic Press Ltd. Price £34.00. ISBN 0 12 042950 0. 相似文献
1. The relationships between length, width and height of the maturing ovarian follicle of the domestic fowl (Gallus domesticus) are shown.
2. During the rapid‐growth phase (yolk deposition) of the oocyte, i.e. an increase in size from about 9 mm diameter to 35 mm diameter, there is about a 15‐fold increase in its surface area. During this time the number of granulosa cells adjacent to the oocyte increases by about 5‐fold.
3. The granulosa cells become flatter during the growth period of the follicle, consequently increasing their surface area adjacent to the oocyte by about 3‐fold.
4. Together the change in shape of the granulosa cells and the increase in their number account for the increase in area of the granulosa layer during follicular growth.
5. Measurement of the DNA content of the granulosa layer indicated a progressive decrease in the cellular content of DNA as the follicle matures. 相似文献
1. A low‐calcium diet (0.5 g calcium/kg) was used to prevent the onset of laying in young pullets.
2. It was fed at 16 weeks of age to five separate groups (groups 2 to 6) each of 50 to 60 birds.
3. Group 2 was fed on a normal layers’ diet at 23 weeks of age, group 3 at 27 weeks, group 4 at 31 weeks, group 5 at 35 weeks and group 6 at 55 weeks while the control group (group 1) of similar size to groups 2 to 6 was subjected to a normal commercial treatment for laying stock.
4. In all the experimental groups the onset of sexual maturity occurred normally, but only one or two eggs were laid before laying ceased under the influence of the treatment.
5. Laying re‐started when the hens were fed on a normal diet and production rapidly rose to a high level.
6. Groups 1, 2 and 3 differed little in the total number of eggs produced up to 72 weeks of age.
7. In all experimental groups there were fewer very small, small and medium eggs than in the control group.
8. It is suggested that the use of a low‐calcium diet before the onset of lay may have advantages which could be exploited on a commercial scale. 相似文献
1. Hens fed on a diet containing 0–05% calcium virtually ceased egg laying (production <4%) whereas those fed on a diet containing 0–5% Ca maintained production at between 20 and 30%.
2. After a return to a normal diet (3% Ca) egg weight, shell weight, ovarian characteristics and oviduct size were of a similar nature in the two groups, though the differences in egg weight, shell weight and shell calcium were significant at the 1 % level.
3. Bone weight and bone ash did not differ significantly between the groups but after a return to normal rations, bone weight and bone ash became higher in the group that had received the 0.05% Ca diet.
4. There were no clinical signs of bone demineralisation during the experiments. 相似文献
The purpose of this study was to investigate the response of horses to confinement and isolation in a stable (indoor individual housing) for the first time using behavioral indices, heart rate, and salivary cortisol concentration. Six naive 2-year-old Australian Stock Horse fillies were examined at 4-hour intervals over 24 hours in an outdoor group paddock followed by 24 hours in indoor individual housing. Behavioral observations and scores and heart rates were recorded and saliva samples were taken at each interval. During stabling, all horses became agitated and demonstrated increased vocalization and movement. Behavioral scores were significantly higher in the indoor individual housing (P < .001). No significant difference in heart rates between the two environments was detected. Mean salivary cortisol did not increase significantly (2 ng/mL ± 1.4 ng/mL in outdoor group paddock vs 2.5 mL ± 1.2 ng/mL in indoor individual housing). No diurnal rhythm in salivary cortisol was evident in either the outdoor group paddock or indoor individual housing. The results of this study highlight that a combination of behavioral and physiological measures allow better understanding of stress, where one measurement may be misleading. First time stabling of horses elicited marked behavioral responses indicative of stress that were not reflected in increased heart rates or salivary cortisol concentrations. The lack of a diurnal cortisol rhythm and the comparatively high basal cortisol concentrations found in the outdoor group paddock environment may imply that the fillies were already stressed; therefore, stabling did not cause further aberrations detectable by salivary cortisol analysis. 相似文献
Electrical cardioversion of atrial fibrillation is a well-established technique for restoration of sinus rhythm in humans. While transthoracic cardioversion is more commonly used, transvenous electrical cardioversion (TVEC) has been reported as having higher efficacy at substantially lower energy levels. In horses, treatment of atrial fibrillation has essentially been limited to the administration of quinidine salts either orally or intravenously. TVEC provides an alternative to quinidine salts, especially for those animals in which quinidine is neither effective nor tolerated. The present report details this technique in horses, discusses possible complications of the procedure, and provides guidance for successful outcome. Still and video images are used to illustrate details with regard to TVEC techniques in horses. Please view supplemental material for the videos. 相似文献
Acetabular angles (AAs) and dorsal acetabular rim angles acquired by computed tomographic (CT) imaging have been used to assess patient response to juvenile pubic symphysiodesis surgery. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of patient positioning and slice selection on these angles, and an attempt was made to devise a repeatable method of measuring these angles that would eliminate positioning effects. We found significant variation in AAs with small differences in pelvic tilt and slice selection. Dorsal acetabular rim angles were not affected. As a result of positioning differences from one CT study to the next, every attempt should be made to standardize pelvic tilt, or eliminate its effect on AAs by standardizing gantry angle in relation to an anatomic landmark that will not change over time. The floor of the sacral vertebral canal may be a reasonable landmark for this purpose and deserves further study. 相似文献
Objective: To evaluate plasma sodium and glucose concentrations in dogs with congestive heart failure (CHF) prior to treatment and evaluate the differences between survivors and non‐survivors. Design: Retrospective study. Animals: Fifty‐nine dogs with CHF prior to receiving cardiac medication. Interventions: None. Measurements and main results: The mean plasma sodium concentration in dogs with CHF was below the reference range (144–156 mmol/L) and significantly lower (P=0.009) in non‐survivors (141±6 mmol/L) compared with survivors (147±4 mmol/L). The mean plasma glucose concentration was above the reference range (76–117 mg/dL) and significantly higher (P=0.004) in non‐survivors (128±52 mg/dL) compared with survivors (100±13 mg/dL). Forty‐four percent of non‐survivors had concurrent low plasma sodium and high plasma glucose concentrations, whereas no survivors had both abnormalities (P<0.0001). Conclusions: Lower plasma sodium and higher plasma glucose are associated with a worse outcome in dogs with CHF. 相似文献
A previous study described cutaneous lymphocytosis (CL) in 23 cats. The process resembles cutaneous pseudolymphoma in humans, a heterogeneous group of benign reactive proliferations of well‐differentiated lymphocytes in the skin of humans. Morphological and immunophenotypic characteristics do not offer reliable criteria to accurately predict the clinical outcome of feline CL or pseudolymphoma in humans. Presence of clonal cell populations is more consistent with a neoplastic process. In a previous study, feline CL lesions (20 cats) were evaluated for clonality using PCR, and only two cats had monoclonal T‐cell populations. Because false‐negative results may occur, the purpose of this study was to repeat the PCR using a revised primer set based on analysis of additional feline T‐cell receptor γ (TCRγ) sequences. DNA was isolated from 29 skin lesions and six internal organs of 20 cats. DNA integrity was assessed by glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase PCR. Polymerase chain reaction clonality was performed using the revised primer set specific for feline TCRγ, and duplicate samples were evaluated. The PCR products were assessed by heteroduplex analysis. Clonal rearrangement of TCRγ was detected in 14 cats (24 of 35 tissues: 21 of 29 skin lesions and three of six internal organs); eight of these cats are still alive and six were euthanized. Monoclonal populations were seen in three of five cats that had involvement of internal organs. These findings indicate that feline CL is best considered as a slowly progressive process which may be reactive, but often evolves into a low‐grade indolent lymphoma. Funding: George H. Muller Fund for Research in Dermatology.相似文献
