Production of interspecific F1 hybrids, BC1, BC2 and BC3 populations between Lycopersicon esculentum and two accessions of Lycopersicon peruvianum carrying new root-knot nematode resistance genes     

Sami Doganlar  Anne Frary  Steven D. Tanksley 《Euphytica》1997,95(2):203-207

Two accessions of Lycopersicon peruvianum Mill. (PI270435, PI126443) carrying Mi-2 and Mi-3, respectively, new root-knot nematode resistance genes, were selected as the male parents for crosses with L. esculentum Mill. in order to produce interspecific hybrids. Crossability barriers between these two distantly related species were circumvented by ovule culture. A total of ten interspecific F₁ hybrid plants were produced. The hybrid nature of the putative F₁ plants was confirmed by a comparison of several morphological characteristics and a PCR-based assay. Eight of ten hybrid plants were backcrossed with L. esculentum to generate a total of 98 BC₁ progeny. Two lines were advanced to the BC₂ and BC₃ levels. Based on these results, ovule culture was found to be an effective method for the production of novel interspecific F₁ and BC₁ plants. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Comparative fine mapping of fruit quality QTLs on chromosome 4 introgressions derived from two wild tomato species   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

Heather E. Yates  Anne Frary  Sami Doganlar  Anna Frampton  Nancy T. Eannetta  John Uhlig  Steven D. Tanksley 《Euphytica》2004,135(3):283-296

Despite their unsuitability for agricultural production, the wild relatives of crop species represent a largely untapped resource of novel QTLs potentially useful for crop plant improvement. In this regard, previous introgression studies, involving several different wild tomato species, have shown that the long arm of chromosome 4 contains QTLs for many horticulturally important traits including soluble solids content, fruit shape, lycopene content and biochemical composition. However, these earlier studies were unable to determine how many genes control these traits and whether genes affecting the same character from different wild species are allelic or not. In an effort to shed light on these issues,we have constructed a series of lines containing small, overlapping introgressions for portions of the long arm of chromosome 4 from L. peruvianum and L. hirsutum and tested these lines in replicated field trials. The results provide evidence for multiple, non-allelic loci controlling soluble solids and fruit weight. They also show that the loci controlling some traits (e.g. fruit shape, fruit weight, epidermal reticulation) co-localize to the same portions of chromosome 4, a result that maybe attributed to pleiotropy and/or gene dense areas with lower than average recombination. The implications of these finding for molecular breeding and utilization of exotic germplasm are discussed. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Molecular discrimination of sheep and cattle isolates of Echinococcus granulosus by SSCP and conventional PCR in Turkey     

Simsek S  Balkaya I  Ciftci AT  Utuk AE 《Veterinary parasitology》2011,178(3-4):367-369

Cystic echinococcosis (CE), caused by hydatid cysts, is a widespread and hazardous disease in humans and animals worldwide. The aim of the current study was to investigate the genetic characteristics of sheep and cattle isolates of Echinococcus granulosus obtained from eastern Turkey using Single Stranded Conformation Polymorphism (SSCP) analysis and conventional PCR method. A total of 54 isolates collected from Erzurum and Elazig provinces of east-Turkey were examined. The 31 of these were obtained from liver of sheep while 23 cattle isolates (12 of liver and 11 of lung) were tested. After the total genomic DNA isolation 12S rRNA gene of all isolates were examined by PCR for the aim of genetic characterization by conventional PCR and mitochondrial CO1 gene for SSCP analysis. The 12S rRNA-PCR yielded 254 bp of amplification product with all samples analyzed. Thus, these samples were identified as G1-G3 cluster (E. granulosus sensu stricto). At least two major single stranded bands were resolved for G1-G3 cluster and G5 in SSCP analysis. While the resolution of more than two additional single stranded bands in SSCP indicated the existence of G7 genotype. The SSCP analysis was identified the G5 and G7 while failed to G1 and G3. The present SSCP analysis classified all 54 cyst isolates from sheep and cattle as E. granulosus sensu stricto (G1-G3 cluster). However, some sequenced samples for G1 and G3 showed the same band patterns by SSCP.  相似文献   

Activation of complement system in kidney after ketoprofen-induced kidney injury in sheep     

Mari J Palviainen  Sami Junnikkala  Marja Raekallio  Seppo Meri  Outi Vainio 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2015,57(1)

Background

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely used to treat inflammatory pain in humans and animals. An overdose of an NSAID is nephrotoxic and can lead to acute kidney injury (AKI). Complement activation occurs in several types of renal disorders with proteinuria. The aim of this study was to investigate whether complement system becomes activated in kidneys after a high dose of NSAID. Kidney tissue and urine samples were collected from six sheep with ketoprofen-induced AKI and from six healthy control sheep. The localization of complement proteins in kidney tissue was carried out using immunohistochemical stainings, and excretion of C3 was tested by immunoblotting.

Results

The complement system was found to become activated in the kidney tissue as demonstrated by positive immunostaining for C1q, C3c, C4c, C5, C9 and factor H and by Western blotting analysis of C3 activation products in urine samples in sheep with AKI.

Conclusions

Our results thus suggest that the alternative complement pathway is activated, and it may contribute to the acute tubular injury seen in the kidneys of NSAID-induced AKI sheep. Inhibition of complement activation may serve as potential therapeutic target for intervention in drug-induced AKI.  相似文献   

An assessment on CRISPR Cas as a novel asset in mitigating drought stress     

Ali  Zafar  Rai  S. K.  Jan  Sami  Raina  Kavita 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2022,69(6):2011-2027

Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution - Drought stress is currently one of the major threats to the global food security as it primarily is the main cause behind yield loss and hence overall...  相似文献   

Factors influencing biological traits and aggressiveness of Colletotrichum species associated with cashew anthracnose in Brazil     

Josiene S. Veloso  Waléria G. Lima  Ailton Reis  Vinson P. Doyle  Sami J. Michereff  Marcos P. S. Câmara 《Plant pathology》2021,70(1):167-180

Anthracnose is the main fungal disease on cashew orchards in Brazil, occurring on both vegetative and reproductive organs of cultivated and noncultivated host plants. Understanding the effect of physical and chemical exogenous factors on the biological traits of Colletotrichum spp. and determining their host range are key to developing appropriate anthracnose control measures. The present study aimed to estimate the optimum temperatures for mycelial growth, sporulation, and conidial germination of seven Colletotrichum species (C. chrysophilum, C. fragariae, C. fructicola, C. gloeosporioides, C. queenslandicum, C. siamense, and C. tropicale) associated with cashew anthracnose in Brazil. Their aggressiveness on cashew leaves and six alternative host fruits, and their sensitivity to three fungicides were also investigated. The optimum temperatures for mycelial growth, sporulation, and conidial germination ranged from about 25 to about 33°C. All Colletotrichum species induced anthracnose symptoms on wounded cashew leaves, but none of them caused lesions on intact leaf surfaces. The Colletotrichum species, except for C. fragariae and C. fructicola, were pathogenic to wounded fruits of avocado, banana, guava, mango, and papaya, and some isolates also produced lesions on nonwounded fruit tissues. No symptoms were observed on passion fruits, regardless of the inoculation method. Mycelial growth, sporulation, conidial germination, and/or appressorial formation of the seven Colletotrichum species were inhibited by azoxystrobin, difenoconazole, and thiophanate-methyl to varying degrees. The present study will contribute to the development of forecasting models based on prevailing weather of cashew cropping zones and improve cashew anthracnose management in Brazil.  相似文献   

Progeny production of Steinernema abbasi in lepidopterous larvae     

Sami A. Elawad  S. R. Gowen  N. G. M. Hague 《国际虫害防治杂志》2013,59(1):17-21

Progeny production of a new entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema abbasi in various lepidopterous prepupae was investigated. Most dauer juveniles (DJs) developed in the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella (234 000) but the bollworms Helicoverpa virescens (220 000) and Spodoptera exigua (166 000) were also good hosts. Progeny production was independent of the number of nematodes invading the host between the doses of 40 and 230 DJs. The infectivity of DJs declined when they were stored for 3 months but at 30°C approximately 11% of the DJs were still infective. S. abbasi is a nematode of the semi-arid tropics and it would be possible to use the nematode to target pests in these areas if it can be produced satisfactorily locally.  相似文献   

Energy saving with variable speed pumps in on-demand irrigation systems   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Nicola Lamaddalena  Sami Khila 《Irrigation Science》2012,30(2):157-166

The present work analyzes energy saving in on-demand irrigation systems served by an upstream pumping station. The objective of this work is to identify the best pumping station operating mode to optimize energy consumption. This objective can be achieved by matching the discharge and the pressure head required by the network (characteristic curve of the network) during the whole irrigation season with the pumping station characteristic curves. The characteristic curve of the network can be obtained using an appropriate stochastic generation modeling, and COPAM software was used in the present work. The characteristic curves of the pumps can be adapted to the network characteristic curve by equipping the pumping station with variable speed devices. Several types of regulation based on variable speed techniques were identified and analyzed. The differences in energy consumption for each technique were quantified for two on-demand irrigation districts in Southern Italy and managed by the Water Users Organization “Consortium of Capitanata”. It was demonstrated that in comparison with the current pumping station regulation, energy savings of about 27 and 35% may be achieved for the two districts.  相似文献   

Effect of Bio-stimulants on Yield and Quality of Head Lettuce Grown Under Two Sources of Nitrogen     

Sami M. Shehata  U. Schmidhalter  Magdaléna Valšíková  H. Junge 《Gesunde Pflanzen》2016,68(1):33-39

Biostimulants may enhance the yield and improve crop quality. Scientific reports, however, are still scarce, particularly for the intensive vegetable production area in Egypt. Therefore two field experiments were carried out in the two consecutive seasons in 2009/2010 and 2010/2011. The field trials were performed in sandy soil in the vegetable production in the, area, Giza Governorate (Centre of Egypt). The aim of this work was to evaluate the use of two bio-stimulants for reducing the nitrate content and improving the commercial quality of head lettuce. This study was arranged in a split plot experiment in three replications. The treatments included two nitrogen sources (ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate) as main plot and two bio-stimulants (FZB24® and Actiwave®) as sub-plot. The criteria measured were fresh and dry weights of leaves, number of leaves, yield and the contents of nitrogen, nitrate total sugars as well as chlorophyll and carotenoid contents. Results obtained showed that regardless of the nitrogen source, the FZB 24 and Actiwave at both rates significantly increased the leaf number, fresh and dry weights of leaves and the total yield. The highest contents of chlorophyll, total sugars, carotenoids and lower nitrate contents were found in lettuce leaves treated with FZB 24 and Actiwave at the increased rates. The nitrogen source application did not affect the fresh and dry weight of leaves, the yield, the total sugars and chlorophyll contents. Whereas, ammonium sulfate as a nitrogen source significantly increased the leaf number and decreased the nitrate content. Biostimulants exerted a positive role with regard to yield and quality of head lettuce.  相似文献   

Dietary effects on egg production,egg‐hatching rate and female life span of the tropical calanoid copepod Acartia bilobata     

Yen‐Ju Pan  Sami Souissi  Anissa Souissi  Cheng‐Han Wu  Shin‐Hong Cheng  Jiang‐Shiou Hwang 《Aquaculture Research》2014,45(10):1659-1671

Copepods are crucial source of live feeds in the aquaculture industry. In particular, several species of the genus Acartia are considered optimal prey for fish larvae. The species Acartia bilobata has excellent potential for marine larvae culture, as it is easy for mass culture. This study investigated the effects of various algal diets on the egg production and egg‐hatching rate of A. bilobata. The results indicated that the single‐species diet Isochrysis galbana was the most supportive diet for A. bilobata egg production and female life span in all treatments (egg production: 23.85 ± 0.70 eggs female^?1 day^?1 and female life span: 18.00 ± 1.45 days). Nannochloropsis oculata and Tetraselmis chui treatments gave markedly lower egg production and female life span as both single‐species and multiple‐species diets. For the egg hatching‐rate experiment, except for the T. chui treatment, which yielded a considerably lower hatching rate than the other diets, the hatching rate was only slightly affected by the algal diets. These results confirm that A. bilobata, a tropical brackish‐water copepod species, develops rapidly at 28°C and can produce a large number of eggs; therefore, it has considerable potential for larvae culture.  相似文献