Climate data challenges in the 21st century     

Overpeck JT  Meehl GA  Bony S  Easterling DR 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,331(6018):700-702

Climate data are dramatically increasing in volume and complexity, just as the users of these data in the scientific community and the public are rapidly increasing in number. A new paradigm of more open, user-friendly data access is needed to ensure that society can reduce vulnerability to climate variability and change, while at the same time exploiting opportunities that will occur.  相似文献   

Environment-induced sudden death of entanglement     

Almeida MP  de Melo F  Hor-Meyll M  Salles A  Walborn SP  Ribeiro PH  Davidovich L 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,316(5824):579-582

We demonstrate the difference between local, single-particle dynamics and global dynamics of entangled quantum systems coupled to independent environments. Using an all-optical experimental setup, we showed that, even when the environment-induced decay of each system is asymptotic, quantum entanglement may suddenly disappear. This "sudden death" constitutes yet another distinct and counterintuitive trait of entanglement.  相似文献   

Multiple Ebola virus transmission events and rapid decline of central African wildlife     

Leroy EM  Rouquet P  Formenty P  Souquière S  Kilbourne A  Froment JM  Bermejo M  Smit S  Karesh W  Swanepoel R  Zaki SR  Rollin PE 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,303(5656):387-390

Several human and animal Ebola outbreaks have occurred over the past 4 years in Gabon and the Republic of Congo. The human outbreaks consisted of multiple simultaneous epidemics caused by different viral strains, and each epidemic resulted from the handling of a distinct gorilla, chimpanzee, or duiker carcass. These animal populations declined markedly during human Ebola outbreaks, apparently as a result of Ebola infection. Recovered carcasses were infected by a variety of Ebola strains, suggesting that Ebola outbreaks in great apes result from multiple virus introductions from the natural host. Surveillance of animal mortality may help to predict and prevent human Ebola outbreaks.  相似文献   

Detection of GTP-tubulin conformation in vivo reveals a role for GTP remnants in microtubule rescues     

Dimitrov A  Quesnoit M  Moutel S  Cantaloube I  Poüs C  Perez F 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,322(5906):1353-1356

Microtubules display dynamic instability, with alternating phases of growth and shrinkage separated by catastrophe and rescue events. The guanosine triphosphate (GTP) cap at the growing end of microtubules, whose presence is essential to prevent microtubule catastrophes in vitro, has been difficult to observe in vivo. We selected a recombinant antibody that specifically recognizes GTP-bound tubulin in microtubules and found that GTP-tubulin was indeed present at the plus end of growing microtubules. Unexpectedly, GTP-tubulin remnants were also present in older parts of microtubules, which suggests that GTP hydrolysis is sometimes incomplete during polymerization. Observations in living cells suggested that these GTP remnants may be responsible for the rescue events in which microtubules recover from catastrophe.  相似文献   

Potential involvement of mammalian and avian uncoupling proteins in the thermogenic effect of thyroid hormones   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

Collin A  Cassy S  Buyse J  Decuypere E  Damon M 《Domestic animal endocrinology》2005,29(1):78-87

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A comparative study of two antimicrobial/anti-inflammatory formulations in the treatment of canine otitis externa     

Rougier S  Borell D  Pheulpin S  Woehrlé F  Boisramé B 《Veterinary dermatology》2005,16(5):299-307

The efficacy and tolerability of a marbofloxacin-clotrimazole-dexamethasone otic suspension (MCD) was compared with a standard topical treatment using a phase III clinical trial protocol. In a total of 140 dogs with clinical signs of acute or subacute otitis externa, Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas, Enterobacteriaceae and Malassezia were isolated from samples taken at inclusion to identify the causative pathogen; a further sample was collected in the event of failure or relapse, and from dogs (at day 14) for which Pseudomonas species had been isolated at inclusion. One group received MCD (10 drops per affected ear) once daily and a second received Surolan (containing polymyxin B, miconazole and prednisolone) (5 drops per affected ear), twice daily. Each group received treatment for 7 or 14 days according to the clinical outcome on day 7. Efficacy and tolerability were evaluated on days 7, 14 and, if necessary, 28 for dogs treated for 14 days. The trial demonstrated equivalence of both treatments in terms of efficacy, with a cure rate of 58.3% for MCD and 41.2% for Surolan. Both medications were equally well tolerated by dogs, but MCD was superior in terms of pain relief, decrease in pus quantity and smell, response rate and investigator's assessment on day 14.  相似文献   

Effect of Cysticercus cellulosae on neutrophil function and death     

Chaible LM  Alba-Loureiro TC  Maia AA  Pugine SM  Valle CR  Pithon-Curi TC  Curi R  De Melo MP 《Veterinary parasitology》2005,127(2):121-129

Neutrophils, eosinophils and macrophages interact with invading parasites and naive hosts. The initial reaction of leukocytes is the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The cytotoxic effects of extracts derived from intact Cysticercus cellulosae and from the scolex or membrane fractions on neutrophils were examined. DNA fragmentation of neutrophils was observed when cells were incubated with an extract from the intact metacestode; however, the addition of antioxidant enzymes to the incubation medium had a protective effect. The scolex and membrane extracts did not affect DNA fragmentation of neutrophils. Hydrogen peroxide production of neutrophils incubated with metacestode fractions from C. cellulosae increased by 190% (total extract), 120% (scolex) or 44% (membrane). An increase in antioxidant catalase activity (28%) concomitant with the increased production of ROS was observed in neutrophils incubated with metacestode fractions, which could be an attempt at self-protection. ROS production by neutrophils in the presence of the intact cysticerci extract did not alter phagocytosis. In contrast, the scolex and membrane fractions increased the phagocytic capacity of neutrophils by 44 and 28%, respectively. The results showed that the extract from intact C. cellulosae was toxic for neutrophils via ROS production, leading to DNA fragmentation and inhibition of phagocytic capacity, but neutrophils are able to protect themselves against oxidative stress by via catalase activity.  相似文献   

Geminivirus C2 protein represses genes involved in sulphur assimilation and this effect can be counteracted by jasmonate treatment     

Rosa Lozano-Durán  Irene García  Stéphanie Huguet  Sandrine Balzergue  Luis C. Romero  Eduardo R. Bejarano 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2012,134(1):49-59

Geminiviruses are plant viruses that infect a broad range of crops and cause extensive losses worldwide, having an important economic impact. C2, a multifunctional pathogenicity factor encoded by geminiviruses, has been recently shown to suppress the responses to jasmonates in the host plant, which might at least partially explain its well-established role in pathogenicity. Sulphur is one of the essential macro-elements for plant life, and is considered to have a role in plant defence, in a phenomenon named sulphur-induced resistance (SIR) or sulphur-enhanced defence (SED). In this work, we show that geminivirus C2 protein represses the expression of genes involved in the sulphur assimilation pathway in Arabidopsis, but, interestingly, this effect can be neutralized by exogenous jasmonate treatment. These preliminary results may raise the idea that geminiviruses might be affecting sulphur metabolism, and maybe counteracting SIR/SED, through the manipulation of the jasmonate signalling pathway, which would define a novel strategy in plant-virus interactions and may unveil SIR/SED as an important player in the plant defence against viruses.  相似文献   

Immune response to Rhodococcus equi ATCC 33701-secreted proteins in mice and identification of immunogenic recombinant proteins by dot-blotting     

Barbey C  Cauchard S  Cauchard J  Laugier C  Hartke A  Petry S 《Research in veterinary science》2012,93(1):172-176

Rhodococcus equi remains a significant pathogen, causing severe pneumonia in foals. The development of vaccines and serologic diagnosis could be greatly facilitated by studying the humoral immune response to this equine pathogen. In this study, a crude extract of R. equi ATCC 33701-secreted proteins combined with the Montanide® ISA70 adjuvant was found to be highly immunogenic in mice with the highest titer of 99,000 on day 42 after the first subcutaneous immunization. This immune response was dependent on the quantity of proteins injected and the presence of adjuvant. By dot-blotting, eight recombinant secreted proteins were identified to react strongly with sera from immunized mice. Of these eight proteins, four were detected as immunogenic only when administered in conjunction with adjuvant. This screening strategy led to the identification of promising new candidates for vaccine development.  相似文献   

Impact of a mutator phenotype on motility and cell adherence in Salmonella Heidelberg     

Le Bars H  Le Gall-David S  Renoux VM  Bonnaure-Mallet M  Jolivet-Gougeon A  Bousarghin L 《Veterinary microbiology》2012,159(1-2):99-106

In this study, we investigated adherence and motility of the hypermutator Salmonella enterica Heidelberg B182 bovine strain related to a 12bp deletion in mutS. This mutator phenotype was associated with increased adherence to epithelial cells and with high expression of fimA as shown by real-time RT-PCR. Motility studies showed that fliC were up-regulated in the B182 strain, while fljA and fljB were down-regulated. In order to determine if mutated mutS is implicated in this genes expression, isogenic strains, derived from a WT strain, containing the 12bp deletion in mutS (Δ12bpmutS) or an inactivated mutS (ΔmutS) were generated. Δ12bpmutS and ΔmutS strains showed a spontaneous mutation rate similar to the environmental strain B182, but exhibited lower adherence capacity and fimA expression. In contrast to the fimbriae genes, in Δ12bpmutS, fliC expression was up-regulated, but fljA and fljB expression were decreased, as in the B182 strain. Only fljB expression was increased in ΔmutS mutants. Taken together, our data suggest that mutS alteration does not influence fimbriae expression but can impact flagella genes.  相似文献