近地层臭氧浓度升高对常规稻颖花形成的影响：FACE研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王云霞  杨开放  杨连新  朱建国  王余龙 《农业环境科学学报》2011,30(8)

FACE(free air gas concentration enrichment)研究使用标准的作物管理技术,在完全开放的大田条件下运行,代表了目前人类对未来大气环境的最好模拟。利用独特的大型稻田FACE平台,以典型的常规水稻品种武粳15(粳稻)和扬稻6号(籼稻)为供试材料,研究近地层臭氧(O3)浓度升高(比大气背景臭氧浓度平均增高26%)对常规水稻颖花形成的影响。结果表明:(1)高浓度O3对供试品种全穗以及一、二次枝梗颖化分化数均无显著影响;(2)高浓度O3使供试品种全穗和二次枝梗颖花退化数和退化率均显著增加,颖花退化增多是由于现存一次枝梗上二次枝梗大量退化而引起的二次颖花退化所造成;(3)颖花退化数在颖花分化数中所占比例很低,故高浓度O3对两供试品种全穗和一、二次枝梗颖花现存数以及稻穗构成均无显著影响。结合前报可知,选用常规水稻品种以及增施保花肥可能是未来近地层高浓度O3环境下稻作生产重要的适应措施。  相似文献   

Correction to: Inheritance of the narrow leaf mutation in traditional Japanese evergreen azaleas     

Keisuke Tasaki  Akira Nakatsuka  Kyeong-Seong Cheon  Nobuo Kobayashi 《Euphytica》2018,214(4):76

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Germination and appressorium formation of Pyricularia oryzae Cavara can be inhibited by reduced concentration of Blasin®Flowable with carbon dioxide microbubbles     

Tamaki Masahiko  Kobayashi Fumiyuki  Suehiro Keisuke  Ohsato Shuichi  Sato Michio 《农业科学学报》2018,17(9):2024-2030

We investigated the possibility to reduce the usage of Blasin^®Flowable (BF), a disinfectant inhibiting the germination and appressorium formation of Pyricularia oryzae Cavara conidia, by using carbon dioxide microbubbles (CO₂MB). Germination was significantly inhibited by 10 000-fold diluted BF solution containing CO₂MB generated by the decompression-type generator compared to CO₂ millibubbles (CO₂MMB) and CO₂MB generated by the gas-water circulating-type generator. Appressorium formation in the 10 000-fold diluted BF solution containing both CO₂MBs was less than that in CO₂MMB. Scanning electron microscopy showed wrinkles and dents on the surface of conidia treated with 5 000-fold diluted BF solution containing both CO₂MBs. Via transmission electron microscopy, we observed the expansion of the vacuole and the intracellular space and bloated or absent lipid granules in the conidia treated with BF solution containing both CO₂MBs. Our results show that inhibition of the conidium germination and appressorium formation of P. oryzae Cavara by 10 000-fold diluted BF solution could be achieved by using the decompression-type CO₂MB.  相似文献   

α-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone directly increases the plasma calcitonin level and involves calcium metabolism in goldfish     

Ikari  Takahiro  Kobayashi  Yuki  Kitani  Yoichiro  Sekiguchi  Toshio  Endo  Masato  Kambegawa  Akira  Asahina  Kiyoshi  Hattori  Atsuhiko  Tabuchi  Yoshiaki  Amornsakun  Thumronk  Mizusawa  Kanta  Takahashi  Akiyoshi  Suzuki  Nobuo 《International Aquatic Research》2018,10(3):283-292

International Aquatic Research - The effects of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) on calcium metabolism were examined with goldfish. The scales on the left side of goldfish bodies...  相似文献   

Assessing the acceptance of the system of rice intensification among farmers in rainfed lowland rice region of Cambodia     

Yun Ho Lee  Kazuhiko Kobayashi 《Paddy and Water Environment》2018,16(3):533-541

We conducted interview survey with rainfed rice farmers at a commune in southern Cambodia to identify the determinants of their adoption or rejection of the system of rice intensification (SRI) for the wet season of 2014. SRI was first introduced to the commune in 2003 and spread among the farmers, but the number of farmers discontinuing the practice has increased since 2011. We classified the farmers into four categories: those who practice SRI in all their fields (OA), farmers who practice SRI in some of their fields (PA), farmers who had practiced SRI but discontinued it (DA), and farmers who have never practiced SRI (CR). Farmers in different categories of SRI adoption differed in their access to water sources. The majority of OA and PA farmers had supplementary water sources, which was, however, available to less than 50% of DA farmers and only 15% of CR farmers. Both PA and DA farmers mentioned water shortage as the reason for not practicing SRI in some (PA) or any (DA) of their fields, but they differed in the number of rice fields. All the PA farmers had more than one field, whereas a majority of DA farmers had only one field. Labor shortage and difficulty of planting in a regular grid pattern were also mentioned as the reason for not practicing SRI by the farmers, particularly by DA farmers. Water constraint and difficulties in transplanting were thus identified as two major determinants of SRI adoption/rejection at the study site.  相似文献   

Breeding efforts to mitigate damage by heat stress to spikelet sterility and grain quality     

Tsutomu Ishimaru  Hideyuki Hirabayashi  Kazuhiro Sasaki  Changrong Ye  Asako Kobayashi 《Plant Production Science》2016,19(1):12-21

Global warming is predicted to aggravate the risk of unstable crop production. It is of great concern that damage to rice spikelet sterility and grain quality will increase, resulting in yield and economic losses. To secure the global food supply and farmers’ income, the development of rice cultivars with heat resilience is a pressing concern. Regarding spikelet sterility, rice cultivars with heat tolerance at different growth stages have been identified in recent years. The early-morning flowering (EMF) trait is effective in heat escape because it shifts the time of day of flowering to earlier in the morning when it is cooler. Although varietal differences are very small, there are some genetic resources for EMF in wild rice accessions. Regarding heat-induced grain chalkiness, heat-tolerant japonica cultivars for mitigating white-back type of chalky grains (WBCG) were found. Quantitative trait loci for heat tolerance at flowering, EMF, and for WBCG in grain quality have been mapped on the rice chromosomes. Further genetic efforts have been successfully connected to the development of near-isogenic lines for each trait with tagged molecular markers. These breeding materials are quite unique and useful in facilitating marker-assisted breeding toward the development of heat-resilient rice in terms of spikelet sterility and grain quality.  相似文献   

Rice necrosis mosaic virus,a fungal transmitted Bymovirus: complete nucleotide sequence of the genomic RNAs and subgrouping of bymoviruses     

S. G. Wagh  K. Kobayashi  T. Yaeno  N. Yamaoka  C. Masuta  M. Nishiguchi 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2016,82(1):38-42

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First report of downy mildew of statice caused by Peronospora statices in Japan     

Kayo Shirai  Yoshie Nishiwaki  Sayo Kobayashi  Mamoru Satou 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2016,82(4):212-215

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Effect of hygrothermal treatment on wood properties: color changes and kinetic analysis using four softwood and seven hardwood species     

Miyuki U. Matsuo  Katsuya Mitsui  Isao Kobayashi  Mitsuhiro Kohara  Masato Yoshida  Hiroyuki Yamamoto 《Wood Science and Technology》2016,50(6):1145-1160

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Biological control of potato scab and antibiosis by antagonistic Streptomyces sp. WoRs-501     

Yuki O. Kobayashi  Akira Kobayashi  Masayuki Maeda  Nobutaka Someya  Shigehito Takenaka 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2015,81(6):439-448

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