Prediction of dry veneer stiffness using near infrared spectra from transverse section of green log     

Takaaki Fujimoto  Keisuke Kawakami  Haruhisa Aimi  Jun-ichi Shimizu  Koichi Hasegawa  Hikaru Kobori  Satoru Tsuchikawa 《Journal of Wood Science》2013,59(5):383-388

This study examined the feasibility of near infrared spectroscopy as a novel technique for log assessment on the basis of wood property. Near infrared (NIR) spectra were obtained from the transverse section of green log and multivariate regression analysis was carried out to predict the stiffness of veneer processed from the log. The stiffness of the veneer was dynamic modulus of elasticity measured using ultrasonic method. The calibrations of veneer stiffness had moderate relationships between measured and NIR-predicted values, with regression coefficients ranging from 0.84 to 0.88. The calibration equations were applied to the test set and it was found that predictions were also well fitted, with regression coefficients ranging from 0.67 to 0.89. The results indicate that the variation of wood stiffness within the logs could be assessed using the NIR spectra from the cross-section of logs. The spectra were obtained from green condition of the log and the stiffness of veneer was measured after kiln drying. Thus, the results imply that the wood stiffness in dry condition could be predicted using the spectra collected from green logs. If the models obtained in this study put into the imaging system, the two-dimensional map of the stiffness would be visualized on the cross-section of logs. The NIR spectroscopy coupled with imaging system could compensate the weak point of the traditional methods for log assessment.  相似文献   

Blockade of bovine PD-1 increases T cell function and inhibits bovine leukemia virus expression in B cells in vitro     

Ryoyo Ikebuchi  Satoru Konnai  Tomohiro Okagawa  Kazumasa Yokoyama  Chie Nakajima  Yasuhiko Suzuki  Shiro Murata  Kazuhiko Ohashi 《Veterinary research》2013,44(1):59

Programmed death-1 (PD-1) is a known immunoinhibitory receptor that contributes to immune evasion of various tumor cells and pathogens causing chronic infection, such as bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infection. First, in this study, to establish a method for the expression and functional analysis of bovine PD-1, hybridomas producing monoclonal antibodies (mAb) specific for bovine PD-1 were established. Treatment with these anti-PD-1 mAb enhanced interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) production of bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Next, to examine whether PD-1 blockade by anti-PD-1 mAb could upregulate the immune reaction during chronic infection, the expression and functional analysis of PD-1 in PBMC isolated from BLV-infected cattle with or without lymphoma were performed using anti-PD-1 mAb. The frequencies of both PD-1⁺ CD4⁺ T cells in blood and lymph node and PD-1⁺ CD8⁺ T cells in lymph node were higher in BLV-infected cattle with lymphoma than those without lymphoma or control uninfected cattle. PD-1 blockade enhanced IFN-γ production and proliferation and reduced BLV-gp51 expression and B-cell activation in PBMC from BLV-infected cattle in response to BLV-gp51 peptide mixture. These data show that anti-bovine PD-1 mAb could provide a new therapy to control BLV infection via upregulation of immune response.  相似文献   

Linkage analysis of rice bacterial blight resistance gene xa20 in XM6, a mutant line from IR24     

Jessey Anderson Msami  Yoshiki Kawaguchi  Katsuyuki Ichitani  Satoru Taura 《Breeding Science》2021,71(2):144

Bacterial blight caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) is an important disease constraining rice (Oryza sativa L.) production worldwide. The XM6 line was induced by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea from IR24, an Indica cultivar that is susceptible to Philippine and Japanese Xoo races. XM6 was confirmed to carry a recessive gene named xa20, resistant to six Philippine and five Japanese Xoo races. The chromosomal gene location was found using 10 plants with the shortest lesion length in an F₂ population consisting of 298 plants from a susceptible Japonica variety Koshihikari × XM6. Analysis using PCR-based DNA markers covering the whole rice genome indicated the gene as located on the distal region of the long arm of chromosome 3. The IKC3 line carries IR24 genetic background with Koshihikari fragment on chromosome 3 where a resistance gene was thought to be located. The F₂ population from IKC3 × XM6 clearly showed a bimodal distribution separating resistant and susceptible plants. Further linkage analysis conducted using this F₂ population revealed that xa20 is located within the 0.8 cM region flanked by DNA markers KIC3-33.88 (33.0 Mb) and KIC3-34.06 (33.2 Mb). This study yields important findings for resistance breeding and for the genetic mechanism of Xoo resistance.  相似文献   

Occurrence of blueberry mosaic associated virus in highbush blueberry trees with blueberry mosaic disease in Japan     

Masamichi Isogai  Yurie Matsuhashi  Kenshu Suzuki  Satoru Yashima  Manabu Watanabe  Nobuyuki Yoshikawa 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2016,82(3):177-179

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Genetic analysis of ion-beam induced extremely late heading mutants in rice     

Katsuyuki Ichitani  Daisuke Yamaguchi  Satoru Taura  Yasuo Fukutoku  Masahira Onoue  Keiichi Shimizu  Fumio Hashimoto  Yusuke Sakata  Muneharu Sato 《Breeding Science》2014,64(3):222-230

Two extremely late heading mutants were induced by ion beam irradiation in rice cultivar ‘Taichung 65’: KGM26 and KGM27. The F₂ populations from the cross between the two mutants and Taichung 65 showed clear 3 early: 1 late segregation, suggesting control of late heading by a recessive gene. The genes identified in KGM26 and KGM27 were respectively designated as FLT1 and FLT2. The two genes were mapped using the crosses between the two mutants and an Indica cultivar ‘Kasalath’. FLT1 was located on the distal end of the short arm of chromosome 8. FLT2 was located around the centromere of chromosome 9. FLT1 might share the same locus as EHD3 because their chromosomal location is overlapping. FLT2 is inferred to be a new gene because no gene with a comparable effect to that of this gene was mapped near the centromere of chromosome 9. In crosses with Kasalath, homozygotes of late heading mutant genes showed a large variation of days to heading, suggesting that other genes affected late heading mutant genes.  相似文献   

Chromosomal Location of HWA1 and HWA2, Complementary Hybrid Weakness Genes in Rice     

Katsuyuki Ichitani  Satoru Taura  Takahiro Tezuka  Yuuya Okiyama  Tsutomu Kuboyama 《Rice》2011,4(2):29-38

Hybrid weakness phenomena in rice reportedly have two causes: those of HWC1 and HWC2 genes and those of HWA1 and HWA2 genes. No detailed study of the latter has been reported. For this study, we first produced crosses among cultivars carrying the weakness-causing allele on the HWA1 and HWA2 loci to confirm the phenotype of the hybrid weakness and the genotypes of the cultivars on the two loci, as reported earlier. We then confirmed that these cultivars belong to Indica. Subsequent linkage analysis of HWA1 and HWA2 genes conducted using DNA markers revealed that both genes are located in the 1,637-kb region, surrounded by the same DNA markers on the long arm of chromosome 11. The possibility of allelic interaction inducing hybrid weakness is discussed.  相似文献   

Traditional perennial crop-based agroforestry in West Java: the tradeoff between on-farm biodiversity and income     

Satoru Okubo  Parikesit  Koji Harashina  Dendi Muhamad  Oekan S. Abdoellah  Kazuhiko Takeuchi 《Agroforestry Systems》2010,80(1):17-31

Agroforestry systems have been re-evaluated with a renewed scientific interest as appropriate models for achieving sustainable production while maintaining planned and associated biodiversity and agroecosystem functioning. Traditional bamboo-tree gardens in West Java are known to play substantial ecological and socioeconomic roles. In this study, we attempted to elucidate the relationship between income generation and biodiversity by studying 83 bamboo-tree gardens that varied in species composition and degree of commercialization. We conducted a survey of the vegetation and interviewed the owners or managers of each plot. We identified 42 planned and utilized species and 19 associated non-use species. Eight vegetation groups were identified by two-way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN), each of which varied in individual densities of different utilization species types, Simpson’s diversity index, management intensities, and potential annual gross income. The group with the highest potential income generation was dominated by clove trees (Syzygium aromaticum); however, this group also had a lower level of diversity and higher levels of management intensity than the other groups, but all of the pairwise groups were not significantly different. About 60% of the villagers used at least some fuelwood as a domestic energy source, and almost all of them collected fuelwood from bamboo-tree gardens regardless of ownership. There were no significant differences in density of potential fuelwood species among the vegetation groups. There were significant positive correlations between income and most management activities. The regression model between gross income and Simpson’s diversity index with the best fit was a unimodal curve, which strongly suggests that maximum diversity can be conserved at an intermediate level of income. Nevertheless, this intermediate level of gross income is probably not adequate as the primary source of income for garden owners, although some gardens had the potential to achieve higher income levels with no decline in diversity. We suggest that maximizing individual density and multistratifying canopy layers could improve profitability within perennial crop-based agroforestry systems in West Java.  相似文献   

Feasibility of near-infrared spectroscopy for online multiple trait assessment of sawn lumber     

Takaaki Fujimoto  Yohei Kurata  Kazushige Matsumoto  Satoru Tsuchikawa 《Journal of Wood Science》2010,56(6):452-459

Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy coupled with multivariate analysis was applied to estimate multiple traits of sawn lumber. The effects of the lumber conveying speed (LCS) and measurement resolution of spectra (MRS) on the calibrations were examined. NIR spectra ranging from 1300 to 2300 nm were acquired at LCSs of 10, 20, and 30 m/min and at MRSs of 2, 4, and 16 nm. Prediction models of bending strength (F _b), modulus of elasticity in bending tests (E _b), dynamic modulus of elasticity (E _fr), and wood density (DEN) were developed using partial least-squares (PLS) analysis. LCS and MRS did not significantly influence the calibration performance for any wood property. The regression coefficients also showed no clear differences for any of the conditions. This indicates that the important explanatory variables included in the models are not greatly influenced by these measurement conditions. PLS2 analysis results, when presented graphically, allowed easy interpretation of the relationships between wood mechanical properties and chemical components, e.g., bending strength and stiffness were mainly related to polysaccharides cellulose and hemicellulose. NIR spectroscopy has considerable potential for online grading of sawn lumber, despite the harsh measurement conditions.  相似文献   

Growth and survival of eel leptocephali (Anguilla japonica) in low-salinity water     

Akihiro Okamura  Yoshiaki Yamada  Naomi Mikawa  Noriyuki Horie  Tomoko Utoh  Toyoji Kaneko  Satoru Tanaka  Katsumi Tsukamoto   《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2009,296(3-4):367-372

We investigated the effects of low-salinity water on the growth, survival, and activity of artificially reared Japanese eel larvae (Anguilla japonica), proceeding from the assumption that such water quality saves energy due to lower cost for osmoregulation. We reared 5-day-old larvae in 0%, 10%, 30%, 50%, 70%, and 100% seawater (SW) with or without diet for 13 days. All larvae reared in 0% and 10% SW died within 6 days, while larvae in 70% and 100% SW survived until 9 days. Larvae in 30% and 50% SW further survived until 13 days without diet. Significant growth in body depth was observed in 30% and 50% SW after 7 days rearing with diet (0.65 ± 0.02 and 0.62 ± 0.02 mm, respectively) as compared with the initial size (0.49 ± 0.03 mm), while no significant growth was observed under the other salinity conditions examined. Larvae swam actively in the light (about 2000 lx) in 50%, 70%, and 100% SW, while they were apparently inactive in 0%, 10%, and 30% SW. The long-term rearing trial showed a 2.2-fold higher 2-month cumulative survival rate in 50% SW (18.2%) than in 100% SW (8.2%). The body depth of larvae in 50% SW (1.58 ± 0.47 mm) was also significantly larger than in 100% SW (1.32 ± 0.35 mm). These findings indicate that the intermediate salinity can result in better growth and survival performance in Japanese eel larvae.  相似文献   

Effect of temperature decrease on oocyte development,sex steroids,and gonadotropin β-subunit mRNA expression levels in female Japanese eel <Emphasis Type="Italic">Anguilla japonica</Emphasis>     

Ryusuke Sudo  Ryota Tosaka  Shigeho Ijiri  Shinji Adachi  Hiroaki Suetake  Yuzuru Suzuki  Noriyuki Horie  Satoru Tanaka  Jun Aoyama  Katsumi Tsukamoto 《Fisheries Science》2011,77(4):575-582

To improve understanding of the mechanism of early ovarian development in eels, the effects of water temperature decrease on oocyte development, plasma levels of sex steroids [estradiol 17β (E2), testosterone (T), 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT)], and gonadotropin β-subunit [follicle-stimulating hormone (FSHβ), luteinizing hormone (LHβ)] messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels were investigated. A total of 27 female Japanese eels Anguilla japonica were divided into initial, control, and test (water temperature decrease) groups. Starting on 22 September 2009, eels in the test group were reared in a tank with gradual temperature decrease from 25°C to 15°C over 39 days, while the control group was maintained at 25°C. The test group accumulated more oil droplets in their oocytes than did the other groups. Levels of sex steroids, especially 11-KT, were higher in the test group. In contrast, FSHβ and LHβ mRNA expression levels were lower in the test group. These results suggest that water temperature decrease only induced an early stage of ovarian development that was partly affected by an 11-KT increase. For further maturation, other environmental factors related to induction of gonadotropin increase appear to be needed.  相似文献