A synthetic HIV-1 protease inhibitor with antiviral activity arrests HIV-like particle maturation   总被引：34，自引：0，他引：34  

T J McQuade  A G Tomasselli  L Liu  V Karacostas  B Moss  T K Sawyer  R L Heinrikson  W G Tarpley 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1990,247(4941):454-456

A synthetic peptidemimetic substrate of the human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) protease with a nonhydrolyzable pseudodipeptidyl insert at the protease cleavage site was prepared. The peptide U-81749 inhibited recombinant HIV-1 protease in vitro (inhibition constant Ki of 70 nanomolar) and HIV-1 replication in human peripheral blood lymphocytes (inhibitory concentration IC50 of 0.1 to 1 micromolar). Moreover, 10 micromolar concentrations of U-81749 significantly inhibited proteolysis of the HIV-1 gag polyprotein (p55) to the mature viral structural proteins p24 and p17 in cells infected with a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing the HIV-1 gag-pol genes. The HIV-1 like particles released from inhibitor-treated cells contained almost exclusively p55 and other gag precursors, but not p24. Incubation of HIV-like particles recovered from drug-treated cultures in drug-free medium indicated that inhibition of p55 proteolysis was at least partially reversible, suggesting that U-81749 was present within the particles.  相似文献   

Effect of tetrachloronitrobenzene (Fusarex) on emergence and yield of potatoes. Part II. — Northeast     

H. J. Murphy  M. J. Goven  J. C. Campbell  C. F. Everett  J. D. Harrington  R. L. Sawyer 《American Journal of Potato Research》1968,45(5):168-173

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Third Triennial Conference E.A.P.R.     

Richard L Sawyer 《American Journal of Potato Research》1966,43(1):32-32

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Osteomyelitis of the Patella in Eight Foals     

Alastair T. Kay BVSc  MS  Diplomate ACVS  Robert J. Hunt DVM  MS  Diplomate ACVS  Dwayne H. Rodgerson DVM  MS  Diplomate ACVS  Michael A. Spirito DVM  Elizabeth M. Santschi DVM  Diplomate ACVS  Richard J. Payne BSc  BVSc  Cert ES 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2012,41(2):307-315

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An investigation of accelerated temperature-induced ageing of four wood species: colour and FTIR     

Xin?You?Liu  Maria?Cristina?TimarEmail author  Anca?Maria?Varodi  Gervais?Sawyer 《Wood Science and Technology》2017,51(2):357-378

The study investigated and compared the behaviour of four wood species, originating from Europe and China, in terms of temperature-induced artificial ageing. It was conducted at 100 °C for a total period of 288 h. Ageing effects were evaluated by colour measurements in the CIE Lab system and by FTIR analysis. Colour changes were then related to chemical changes in the wood. The investigated wood species were European ash (Fraxinus excelsior), European walnut (Juglans regia), Chinese ash (Fraxinus mandshurica) and Chinese walnut (Juglans mandshurica). Colour changes were maximum for European ash and minimum for Chinese ash, while European walnut and Chinese walnut evolved quite similarly. Main chemical changes due to temperature ageing were reduction of hydroxyl groups, increase of the unconjugated carbonyl groups and an apparent slight increase of lignin, more evident for European ash and delayed for European walnut. Formation of aromatic carbonyl conjugated groups as quinoid structures as a result of oxidative reactions was revealed especially for European ash. The different behaviour of the studied wood species may be explained by their different chemical composition, especially hemicelluloses, lignin and extractives content.  相似文献   

Detection of Coxiella burnetii in placenta and abortion samples from British ruminants using real-time PCR     

Jones RM  Twomey DF  Hannon S  Errington J  Pritchard GC  Sawyer J 《The Veterinary record》2010,167(25):965-967

A real-time PCR was developed to detect Coxiella burnetii (the cause of Q fever) in ruminant placentas and aborted fetuses. Primer and probe sets previously developed for human tissue studies were used to target the insertion sequence IS1111 gene for C burnetii. The assay was highly sensitive, with a limit of detection of 10 copies of template, theoretically equating to a single bacterium, and did not cross-react with a panel of other bacteria. To determine sensitivity on field samples submitted for the diagnosis of abortion, results using the IS1111 PCR assay were compared with a com1 PCR assay. When applied to ruminant abortion material, including placental cotyledons and fetal samples, the IS1111 and com1 assays yielded positive results in 23 (25 per cent) of 93 and 19 (20 per cent) of 93 samples, respectively. One infected goat herd was monitored for 31 months: 57 (92 per cent) of 62 placental cotyledon samples from aborting and non-aborting goats, and 10 (30 per cent) of 33 fetal samples were positive by the IS1111 PCR assay.  相似文献   

有机配体、竞争阳离子和pH对土壤中Zn分解的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

P. LOMBN/ES  A. C. CHANG  B. R. SINGH 《土壤圈》2008,18(1):92-101

A series of experiments were conducted to examine the interactive effects of an organic ligand, a competing cation, and pH on the dissolution of zinc （Zn） from three California soils, Maymen sandy loam, Merced clay, and Yolo clay loam. The concentrations of soluble Zn of the three soils were low in a background solution of Ca（NO3）2. Citric acid, a common organic ligand found in the rhizosphere, was effective in mobilizing Zn in these soils; its presence enhanced the concentration of Zn in soil solution by citrate forming a complex with Zn. The ability of Zn to form a complex with citric acid in the soil solution was dependent on the concentration of citric acid, pH, and the concentration of the competing cation Ca^2＋. The pH of the soil solution determined the extent of desorption of Zn in solid phase in the presence of citric acid. The amounts of Zn released from the solid phase were proportional to the concentration of citric acid and inversely proportional to the concentration of Ca（NO3）2 background solution, which supplied the competing cation Ca^2＋ for the formation of a complex with citrate. When the soil suspension was spiked with Zn, the adsorption of Zn by the soils was retarded by citric acid via the formation of the soluble Zn-citrate complex. The dissolution of Zn in the presence of citric acid was pH dependent in both adsorption and desorption processes.  相似文献   

Suboptimal growth associated with porcine intestinal adenomatosis in pigs in nutritional studies     

RP GOGOLEWSKI  RW COOK  ES BATTERHAM 《Australian veterinary journal》1991,68(12):406-408

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Restoring soil health to reduce irrigation demand and buffer the impacts of drought     

Rebecca SCHNEIDER  Stephen MORREALE  Zhigang LI  Erin MENZIES PLUER  Kirsten KURTZ  Xilu NI  Cuiping WANG  Changxiao LI  Harold VAN ES 《农业科学与工程前沿(英文版)》2020,7(3):339

Irrigation consumes three quarters of global water withdrawals each year. Strategies are needed to reduce irrigation water use, including increasing the efficiency of transfer methods and field application. Comprehensive restoration of soil health, specifically through organic matter amendments, can substantially reduce irrigation demand and increase crop yield. A program to restore severely degraded and desertified soils by incorporating coarse woodchips into the soil successfully increased rainfall capture and elevated soil moisture for several weeks between rainfall events at both Ningxia, north-west China and North Dakota, USA. With addition of fertilizer, woodchip incorporation further increased growth of wheat and alfalfa. Comprehensive soil health assessment of remnant grasslands was used to develop target reference soil profiles by which to guide restoration efforts. Given that most agricultural soils are degraded to some degree, soil health restoration can provide a powerful strategy toward achieving global food and water security.  相似文献   

Atrazine nanoencapsulation improves pre‐emergence herbicidal activity against Bidens pilosa without enhancing long‐term residual effect on Glycine max     

Ana C Preisler  Anderson ES Pereira  Estefnia VR Campos  Giliardi Dalazen  Leonardo F Fraceto  Halley C Oliveira 《Pest management science》2020,76(1):141-149

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