EFFECTS OF METHIMAZOLE ON THYROID GLAND UPTAKE OF ^99MTC-PERTECHNETATE IN 19 HYPERTHYROID CATS     

Anthony J. Fischetti  Wm Tod Drost  Stephen P. DiBartola  Dennis J. Chew  Patricia A. Schenck  Cheyney Meadows 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2005,46(3):267-272

Nineteen cats with abnormally high serum T4 concentrations underwent thyroid scintigraphy using technetium-99m pertechnetate (99mTcO4) before and after 36 +/- 6 days of methimazole administration (approximately 2.5mg PO q 12 h). Thyroid-to-salivary gland ratios (T:S ratios) and percentage thyroidal uptake of injected radioactivity at 20 and 60min after injection of 99mTcO4 were compared before and after methimazole treatment. Serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) concentration was measured before and after methimazole treatment. Quantitatively, there was a positive association between the thyroid uptake of 99mTcO4 and the serum T4 before treatment (r = 0.74-0.83). TSH suppression was present when cats were first evaluated for hyperthyroidism. Methimazole treatment did not relieve TSH suppression in 17 cats. Two cats with unilateral thyroid uptake developed bilateral, asymmetric thyroid uptake of 99mTcO4 after treatment and had the greatest increase in TSH concentration after treatment. Quantitatively, thyroid scintigraphy did not significantly change after methimazole treatment (P>0.1). Evaluation of serum TSH concentration may be helpful in identifying methimazole-induced changes in the scintigraphic features of hyperthyroidism in mildly hyperthyroid cats.  相似文献   

Genetic analysis of partial resistance to bacterial leaf streak (Xanthomonas campestris pv. cerealis) in wheat     

H. EL ATTARI  A. SARRAFI  A. ALIZADEH  G. DECHAMP-GUILLAUME  & G. BARRAULT 《Plant pathology》1996,45(4):736-741

Genetic variability of partial resistance to bacterial leaf streak was investigated in hexaploid winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum. ), using 16 parental genotypes and 48 pure lines (F10) derived from a composite cross programme. Two experiments were undertaken in a controlled growth chamber. Seeds of all genotypes were grown under controlled conditions using a randomized block design with three replications. Each replication consisted of a row of 20 seedlings of each parent and pure line. An Iranian strain of bacterial leaf streak was used for the inoculation of 12-day-old seedlings. In a third experiment, eight genotypes from parents and F10 pure lines representing a large variability for partial resistance were inoculated with four other Iranian strains of bacterial leaf streak. A large genetic variability was observed amongst the 64 genotypes for partial resistance to the disease. Partial resistance heritability estimates were rather high (70%), indicating that the resistance factors may be transmitted by crossing. Amongst all genotypes investigated, 'DC²-30-N2' and 'IBPT-66' displayed the highest partial resistance to the disease. Significant correlations between strains in the third experiment show that a genotype resistant or susceptible to one strain will have similar reactions with other strains. No significant genetic gain was observed for partial resistance in the best pure line of the 48 lines studied, when compared with the best parental line. Increasing the number of pure lines is likely to result in the identification of genotypes that might prove to be more resistant.  相似文献   

Characterization of the pharmacokinetic disposition of levofloxacin in stallions after intravenous and intramuscular administration     

A. GOUDAH  K. ABO EL‐SOOUD  J.‐H. SHIM  H.‐C. SHIN  A. M. ABD EL‐ATY 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2008,31(5):399-405

The target of the present study was to investigate the plasma disposition kinetics of levofloxacin in stallions (n = 6) following a single intravenous (i.v.) bolus or intramuscular (i.m.) injection at a dose rate of 4 mg/kg bwt, using a two‐phase crossover design with 15 days as an interval period. Plasma samples were collected at appropriate times during a 48‐h administration interval, and were analyzed using a microbiological assay method. The plasma levofloxacin disposition was best fitted to a two‐compartment open model after i.v. dosing. The half‐lives of distribution and elimination were 0.21 ± 0.13 and 2.58 ± 0.51 h, respectively. The volume of distribution at steady‐state was 0.81 ± 0.26 L/kg, the total body clearance (Cl_tot) was 0.21 ± 0.18 L/h/kg, and the areas under the concentration–time curves (AUCs) were 18.79 ± 4.57 μg.h/mL. Following i.m. administration, the mean t_1/2el and AUC values were 2.94 ± 0.78 h and 17.21 ± 4.36 μg.h/mL. The bioavailability was high (91.76% ± 12.68%), with a peak plasma mean concentration (C_max) of 2.85 ± 0.89 μg/mL attained at 1.56 ± 0.71 h (T_max). The in vitro protein binding percentage was 27.84%. Calculation of efficacy predictors showed that levofloxacin might have a good therapeutic profile against Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive bacteria, with an MIC ≤ 0.1 μg/mL.  相似文献   

Hypocalcemia: a quick reference.     

Patricia A Schenck  Dennis J Chew 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice》2008,38(3):455-8, viii

This article serves as a quick reference for hypocalcemia. Guidelines for causes, clinical signs, and diagnosis are presented in a stepwise approach.  相似文献   

A case definition for Salmonella Brandenburg infection in dairy heifers     

EL Cuttance 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2018,66(1)

  相似文献   

Endometrial nitric oxide synthase activity in mares susceptible or resistant to persistent breeding‐induced endometritis and the effect of a specific iNOS inhibitor in vitro          下载免费PDF全文

FA Khan  TS Chenier  RA Foster  J Hewson  EL Scholtz 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2018,53(3):718-724

Emerging research suggests that the nitric oxide system may play a role in persistent breeding‐induced endometritis (PBIE) in the mare. Differences in uterine nitric oxide (NO) levels between mares susceptible or resistant to PBIE and a dose‐dependent inhibitory effect of NO on uterine contractility have been demonstrated. The objectives of this study were to investigate the difference in total nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity of the endometrium between susceptible and resistant mares and the effect of a specific inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) inhibitor on the endometrial NOS activity in vitro. Six susceptible and six resistant mares were selected based on preset criteria and the results of an intrauterine challenge with killed spermatozoa during oestrus. Endometrial biopsy samples were collected 24 hr post‐challenge and cultured at 37°C for 24 hr in L‐arginine supplemented minimum essential medium with or without a specific iNOS inhibitor (1,400 W dihydrochloride, 1 mM). The medium and the cultured endometrial tissue were collected after 24 hr of culture and assayed for NO and total protein, respectively. Total NO content of the medium, normalized to endometrial tissue wet weight or total protein, was used as a measure of endometrial NOS activity. Non‐parametric tests were applied for statistical analysis. Susceptible mares had significantly greater endometrial NOS activity than resistant mares. The iNOS inhibitor treatment significantly reduced NOS activity in endometrial samples derived from susceptible and resistant mares. These findings provide a basis for in vivo testing of specific iNOS inhibitors as preventative or therapeutic options for PBIE in mares.  相似文献   

Effects of IGF‐1 on In Vitro Culture of Bovine Preantral Follicles are Dose‐Dependent          下载免费PDF全文

CR Jimenez  JL de Azevedo  RG Silveira  J Penitente‐Filho  EL Carrascal‐Triana  AM Zolini  VR Araujo  CAA Torres  WG Gonçalves 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2016,51(3):435-444

This study aimed at assessing the effect of different concentrations of the growth factor similar to insulin 1 (IGF‐1) in the development, survival and ultrastructure of the bovine preantral follicles cultured in situ. Fragments of bovine ovarian cortical tissue were cultured during 1 and 7 days in 1 ml of α‐MEM⁺, supplemented with different concentrations of human recombinant IGF‐1 (0, 30, 70 and 100 ng/ml), in an incubator at 37°C and 5% of CO₂ in 24‐well plates with total replacement of the medium every 2 days. Non‐cultured ovarian fragments (control) and ovarian fragments cultured during 1 and 7 days were processed for classic histology, mechanical isolation and electron transmission microscopy (ETM). Parameters such as normality, viability, activation, development, diameter and ultrastructure were evaluated. All statistical analyses were carried out using sas Version 9.2. The results showed that the percentage of follicles morphologically normal in the IGF‐1 30 ng/ml treatment was similar to the fresh control (p > 0.05) both on the day 1 and on the day 7 of in vitro culture. In the viability analysis, the cultured treatments maintained the percentage of viable follicles during the entire culture period (p > 0.05). After 7 days of culture, the IGF‐1 30 ng/ml treatment showed higher percentages of developing follicles (48.33%) than those of the fresh control (22.22%) and the cultured treatments (p < 0.05). Also, after 7 days of culture, IGF‐1 30 ng/ml presented a higher follicular diameter when compared to the control and other concentrations of IGF‐1 tested. Ultrastructurally, the non‐cultured control and IGF‐1 30 ng/ml, after 7 days of culture, showed conserved oocytes, nuclei and organelles. Hence, it is concluded that IGF‐1 30 ng/ml was the most efficient concentration for the development of bovine preantral follicles cultured in vitro.  相似文献   

Facial eczema management protocols used on dairy farms in the North Island of New Zealand and associated concentrations of zinc in serum     

EL Cuttance  MA Stevenson  RA Laven  WA Mason 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2016,64(6):343-350

AIMS: To describe and evaluate the current practices used to manage and prevent facial eczema (FE) in North Island dairy herds, and determine the within-herd prevalence of cows with elevated activities of gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), and with concentrations of Zn in serum <18?μmol/L.

METHODS: Between January and May 2014, 105 herd managers from throughout the North Island of New Zealand were invited to participate in the study when regional spore counts for Pithomyces chartarum started to rise towards 30,000 spores/g pasture. Managers selected 10 representative cattle that were weighed and blood-sampled by the herd veterinarian. Blood samples were analysed for concentrations of Zn in serum and GGT activity. Pasture samples were also collected and submitted for spore count estimation. Finally a survey of farm management practices relating to prevention of FE was completed by the herd manager. A mixed-effects logistic regression model was used to determine associations between herd-level and cow-level explanatory variables and the probability of a cow having a concentration of Zn in serum <18?µmol/L.

RESULTS: Of the 1,071 cows tested, 79 (7.3 (95% CI=5.8–9.0)%) had GGT activity in serum >300?IU/L, and 35/106 (33 (95% CI=24.2–42.8)%) herds had ≥1 of the 10 cows sampled with GGT activity >300?IU/L. Of the 911 cows that were being treated with Zn, concentrations of Zn were between 18–35?μmol/L in 398 (43.6 (95% CI=40.4–46.9)%) cows, were >35?μmol/L in 32 (3.5 (95% CI=2.4–4.1)%) cows, and <18?μmol/L in 479 (52.6 (95% CI=49.3–55.9)%) cows. After adjusting for the confounding effect of region, the odds of a cow having concentrations of Zn in serum <18?μmol/L were 5.5 (95% CI=1.1–29) times greater for cows supplemented with zinc in water compared with those supplemented by drenching. Of the 105 herd managers, 103 (98%) stated that they had access to regional spore count data, but only 35/105 (33%) reported that they measured spore counts on their own farm. Overall, 98/105 (93%) managers reported that they had some form of FE management programme in place. Fungicides were used on their own or in combination with zinc treatments in 10 herds, ZnSO₄ in water troughs was used in 68 herds, oral drenching with ZnO in nine herds, and ZnO supplied in-feed in 26 herds. Estimated daily dose rates of zinc were less than that required to treat a 400?kg cow on 42/68 farms that administered ZnSO₄ in the water or ZnO as a drench.

CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This study has shown that FE management on dairy farms in the North Island of New Zealand could be substantially improved. It is likely that improved FE management would occur if herd managers were provided with more feedback on the success (or otherwise) of their FE management programmes.  相似文献   

The influence of lime and nitrogen fertilisers on spore counts of Pithomyces chartarum in pasture     

EL Cuttance  RA Laven  WA Mason  M Stevenson 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2016,64(6):351-355

AIMS: To determine whether the application of lime or nitrogen to pasture affected the spore counts of Pithomyces chartarum.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The lime application studies were undertaken on a spring-calving, pasture-based, commercial dairy farm near Te Awamutu, New Zealand. On 6 November 2012, five randomly selected paddocks were split into three equal sections. In two of the sections, lime was applied at either 1.5 or 2.5?t/ha, and the central section was left as an untreated control. Each section was sampled for spore counting weekly from 16 January to 15 May 2013.

Starting in January 2013, five other randomly selected paddocks were monitored for spore counts. On 20 March 2013 the average spore counts in three paddocks were >100,000 spores/g of pasture. These paddocks were then divided into three equal sections and lime was applied as described above. Spore counting in each section continued weekly until 15 May 2013.

The nitrogen application study was carried out on three commercial dairy farms near Te Awamutu, New Zealand. Two randomly selected paddocks on each farm were divided into three equal sections and, on 20 December 2012, nitrogen in the form of urea was applied at either 50 or 80?kg urea/ha to two of the sections; the central section remained as an untreated control. Each section was sampled for spore counting weekly from 16 January to 15 May 2013.

RESULTS: Following pre-summer lime application, treatment at 1.5 or 2.5?t/ha did not affect spore counts over time compared with the control section (p>0.26). Similarly following autumn lime application, treatment at 1.5 or 2.5?t/ha did not affect spore counts over time compared with the control section (p>0.11). Following nitrogen application median spore counts remained <20,000 spores/g pasture throughout the trial period and there was no effect of treatment on spore counts over time (p>0.49).

CONCLUSION: This study found that application of lime before the risk period for facial eczema, in November, application of lime after a spore count rise, in March, or urea application in December did not affect changes in number of spores produced by P. chartarum.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This study does not support previous suggestions that fertilising pasture with lime or urea could alter the spore counts of P. chartarum. Fertiliser use does not provide an alternative to, or support, conventional methods of facial eczema control such as zinc prophylaxis or treatment of pasture with fungicides.  相似文献   

Studies on the biology of black mould (Aspergillus niger) on temperate and tropical onions. 2. The effect of treatments on the control of seedborne A. niger     

N. J. HAYDEN  R. B. MAUDE  H. S. EL  HASSAN† A. A. AL  MAGID† 《Plant pathology》1994,43(3):570-578

Treatment of A. niger -inoculated onion seed with benomyl dust (1 g a.i./kg), or a foliar spray of thiram (0·4% a.i./ha) applied to plants grown from inoculated seed under temperate (UK) conditions reduced the incidence of A. niger in harvested crops. Treatment of naturally contaminated Sudanese onion seed with a benomyl + thiram mixture at a rate of 2·5 + 2·5 g a.i./kg or soaking the seed in hot water (15 min at 60°C) reduced the incidence of black mould on bulbs grown in the Sudan in field soil that had not previously been used for onion production. The seed treatments were less effective in crops produced in fields regularly used for onion production. However, incubation of harvested bulbs in moist chambers showed that damage to the internal storage tissue of onion bulbs caused by A. niger was reduced by seed treatment.  相似文献