Effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and body condition on serum concentrations of adipokines in healthy dogs     

M Mazaki-Tovi  SK Abood  PA Schenck 《American journal of veterinary research》2012,73(8):1273-1281

Objective-To determine associations between serum concentrations of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids or body condition and serum concentrations of adiponectin, leptin, insulin, glucose, or triglyceride in healthy dogs. Animals-62 healthy adult client-owned dogs. Procedures-Body condition score and percentage of body fat were determined. Blood samples were collected after food was withheld for 12 hours. Serum was harvested for total lipid determination, fatty acid analysis, and measurement of serum concentrations of adiponectin, leptin, insulin, glucose, and triglyceride. Associations between the outcome variables (adiponectin, leptin, insulin, glucose, and triglyceride concentrations) and each of several variables (age, sex, percentage of body fat, and concentrations of total lipid, α-linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid) were determined. Results-Serum concentrations of docosapentaenoic acid were significantly positively associated with concentrations of adiponectin and leptin and negatively associated with concentrations of triglyceride. Serum concentrations of α-linolenic acid were significantly positively associated with concentrations of triglyceride. No significant associations were detected between serum concentrations of eicosapentaenoic acid or docosahexaenoic acid and any of the outcome variables. Percentage of body fat was significantly positively associated with concentrations of leptin, insulin, and triglyceride but was not significantly associated with adiponectin concentration. Age was positively associated with concentrations of leptin, insulin, and triglyceride and negatively associated with concentrations of adiponectin. Sex did not significantly affect serum concentrations for any of the outcome variables. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Docosapentaenoic acid may increase serum concentrations of adiponectin and leptin and decrease serum triglyceride concentration in healthy dogs.  相似文献   

Study on the behaviour of imazapyr in two Moroccan soils     

M. EL AZZOUZI  DAHCHOUR  BOUHAOUSS  FERHAT 《Weed Research》1998,38(3):217-220

Imazapyr owes its importance in Morocco to its success in controlling the perennial weed Solanumelaeagnifolium Cav., which infests the Tadla area. Persistence and mobility of imazapyr has been studied in two Moroccan soils from the Rabat area, with differing organic matter content (red and organic soils), under laboratory conditions at 75% of their field capacities and 25–28 °C. Residue analysis was performed on the basis of a bioassay test using lentil (Lens culinaris Medic.) as indicator species. The residual activity of imazapyr accounted for 69%, 25%, 50% and 62%, 46%, 66% of the initial activity for the red and organic soils at 1, 5 and 10 mg L^?1 respectively. The half-lives varied between 25 and 58 days for the red soil and 55 and 58 days for the organic soil. In the organic soil, imazapyr was highly mobile under the irrigation regime applied. Most of the activity was found in the first 3 × 75 mL of the effluents. A following biotest with the leached soil showed low remaining residual activity.  相似文献   

Frequency of the severe combined immunodeficiency disease gene among horses in Morocco     

M. PIRO  A. BENJOUAD  N. S. TLIGUI  K. EL ALLALI  M. EL KOHEN  A. NABICH  L. OURAGH 《Equine veterinary journal》2008,40(6):590-591

Severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID) of horses is an autosomal, recessive hereditary disease occurring among Arabian or crossbred Arabian horses. The genetic defect responsible was previously identified as a 5‐base pair deletion in the gene encoding the catalytic subunit of the DNA dependant protein kinase (DNA‐PKcs). This study was carried out to determine the frequency of SCID and identify horses carrying the gene for SCID among Arabian and Arabian crossbred stallions and mares in Morocco using a DNA‐based test. Twenty‐one horses were SCID carriers: 14 (7%) Arabians, 6 (4%) Arab‐Barbs and one (3.3%) Anglo‐Arab. After analysing their genealogy, 3 imported stallions were identified that disseminated the mutant gene of DNA‐PKcs in Morocco.  相似文献   

Molecular detection of virulence genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa          下载免费PDF全文

Bongekile NGOBESE  Oliver Tendayi ZISHIRI  Mohamed Ezzat EL ZOWALATY 《农业科学学报》2020,19(6):1656-1670

Campylobacter species are a major cause of foodborne bacterial infections in both developed and developing countries worldwide. Campylobacter jejuni is responsible for the majority of infections. This study was conducted to identify virulenceassociated genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa. A total of 250 fecal samples consisting of cattle(n=50), chickens(n=50), goats(n=50), sheep(n=50) and pigs(n=50) were randomly collected from livestock in Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal provinces of South Africa between April and October 2018. The samples were analyzed for the presence of virulence genes in Campylobacter species using molecular PCR-based methods. It was found that 77 and 23% of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli respectively were isolated from all the livestock samples. There were positive significant(P0.05) correlations amongst all the virulence genes that were investigated. Chisquare and Fisher's exact tests were implemented to test for the effect of livestock species on the presence or absence of virulence genes. The study demonstrated that most of livestock species can potentially cause zoonotic infections and food poisoning due to the high prevalence of Campylobacter. The high prevalence of virulence genes highlights the significance of Campylobacter in livestock production systems in South Africa. This requires the implementation of one-health approaches to reduce the impact of foodborne and zoonotic diseases for the welfare of human and animal health.  相似文献   

Molecular,biochemical and histopathological studies on the ameliorative effect of vitamin C on the renal and muscle tissues of Nile tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus) affected by the usage of engine oil     

Shaymaa H. Mohamed  Ebtihal M. M. EL‐Leithy  Rehab A. Ghandour  Mona K. Galal 《Aquaculture Research》2019,50(11):3357-3368

The present study was performed to evaluate the effect of vitamin C on the performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) affected by the usage of engine oil. A total of 120 tilapia fish were randomly divided into four equal groups according to dietary treatments applied for 3 weeks: group I (control); group II was exposed to engine oil; group III was exposed to engine oil and supplemented with vitamin C: and group IV was fed only a diet supplemented with vitamin C. According to our results, the group exposed to engine oil (II) showed an induced elevation of kidney function parameters, an upregulation of CYP1A1 mRNA expression level, a reduction in antioxidant status (SOD, GSH) and severe abnormal histological and ultra‐structural changes in the head kidney, trunk kidney and muscle tissue. Supplementation of group III with vitamin C ameliorated the toxic effect induced by engine oil through improvement of kidney function parameters, elevation of the antioxidant status of tissue and improvement of the histological images of renal and muscle tissues. In conclusion, vitamin C has the ability to ameliorate engine oil oxidative stress toxicity in Nile tilapia.  相似文献   

The studies on the blood of dogs; haematological findings in apparently healthy dogs harbouring intestinal parasites; dogs infested with Spirocerca sanguinolenta     

EL HINDAWY MR 《The British veterinary journal》1947,103(5):159-165

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An Outbreak of Enzootic Bovine Leukosis in Upper Egypt: Clinical,Laboratory and Molecular–Epidemiological Studies     

A. ZAGHAWA  D. BEIER  I. H. A. ABD EL‐RAHIM  S. EL‐BALLAL  I. KARIM  F. J. CONRATHS  O. MARQUARDT 《Zoonoses and public health》2002,49(3):123-129

In 1989, 220 Holstein Friesian cattle (212 heifers and eight bulls) were imported from Minnesota, USA, to form a closed dairy herd in Arab El‐Aoumar, Assiut, Upper Egypt. In November 1996, some abnormal signs such as loss of weight, decreased milk yield, external lymphadenopathy and decreased appetite were observed on this farm. Serological screening by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay revealed a seroprevalence of antibodies directed against bovine leukaemia virus (BLV) of 37.7% in cattle under 2 years old and of 72.8% in animals more than 2 years old. Diagnosis was confirmed by the detection of BLV proviral DNA using polymerase chain reaction with primers amplifying a fragment of the env gene. Out of 21 tested leucocyte fractions from individual animals, 15 were positive showing a BLV‐specific amplicon of 444 base pairs. Analysis of the amplicons for restriction fragment length polymorphisms and DNA sequencing results allowed the isolates to be typed. Since this was the first recorded case of enzootic bovine leukosis in Upper Egypt, strict quarantine measures were adopted and all serologically positive animals in the herd were culled.  相似文献   

Movement of aphid-transmitted Sugarcane yellow leaf virus (ScYLV) within and between sugarcane plants     

A. T. Lehrer  S. Schenck  S.-L. Yan  E. Komor 《Plant pathology》2007,56(4):711-717

Sugarcane yellow leaf virus (ScYLV) is distributed worldwide and has been shown to be the cause of the disease sugarcane yellow leaf syndrome (YLS). This study was an investigation of the transmission and spread of ScYLV in Hawaii. Several aphids are known to transmit the virus, but investigation of infestation and transmission efficiency showed Melanaphis sacchari to be the only vector important for field spread of the disease. The initial multiplication of ScYLV in a virus-free plant occurred exclusively in very young sink tissues. When a single leaf was inoculated on a plant, that leaf and all older leaves remained virus-free, based on tissue-blot immunoassay, whereas meristems and all subsequently formed new leaves became infected. Therefore, only after those leaves which had already developed before inoculation had been shed, did the complete plant contain ScYLV. Spread of the viral infection to neighbouring plants in the plantation fields via aphids was relatively slow and in the range of a few metres per year. No indication of long-distance transfer could be seen. This indicates that it may be possible to produce and use virus-free seed cane for planting of high-yielding but YLS-susceptible cultivars.  相似文献   

Usefulness of single copy genes containing introns in Phytophthora for the development of detection tools for the regulated species P. ramorum and P. fragariae     

Renaud Ioos  Lise Laugustin  Nathalie Schenck  Sylvie Rose  Claude Husson  Pascal Frey 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2006,116(2):171-176

Introns are generally highly polymorphic regions within genes and were proven to be of great interest for discriminating among phylogenetically-close Phytophthora species. Phytophthora ramorum and P. fragariae are considered as quarantine pathogens by the European Union and accurate detection tools are therefore necessary for their monitoring. From introns located in different single copy genes (GPA1, RAS-like, and TRP1), we developed a series of PCR primers specific to P. ramorum and P. fragariae. The specificity of these primers was successfully checked with a wide collection of Phytophthora isolates and a protocol was developed to detect both pathogens directly in infected plant tissues. These genes should be of particular interest for the development of additional species-specific detection tools within the Phytophthora genus.  相似文献   

OXIDOREDUCTIVE DEGRADATION OF SOIL MINERALS AND CLAYS D,L-3(3,4-DIHYDROXYPHENYL) ALANINE BY SOIL MINERALS AND CLAYS     

J. MAYAUDON  M. EL HALFAWI  L. BATISTIC 《European Journal of Soil Science》1973,24(2):182-192

The effect of the perhydrol (H₂O₂) treated soils on the decarboxylation rate of d,1-3(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) alanine (DOPA), as examined by radiorespirometry, is highly significant and well-correlated (r=+0.913) with the clay content. Among the pure Na clays used, Wyoming bentonite had the strongest effect on the DOPA decarboxylation. The reaction was activated by phosphate buffer and completely inhibited by a dithionite treatment. Gas phases like carbon monoxide, hydrogen, or nitrogen do not inhibit the DOPA decarboxylation rate. A chromatographic study of the intermediate products formed during DOPA degradation reveals the presence of 5,6-dihydroxyindole. These results suggest that DOPA degradation by clays proceeds by a sequence of oxidoreductive reactions following the Raper (1927) scheme. The ferric oxides associated with the clay, and not the dissolved oxygen, are the electron acceptors. DOPA is oxidized to eumelanin which has an elementary percentage composition of C = 62.65; N = 11.05; H = 6.30; 0 = 20.  相似文献