Temporal Relationships and Repeatability of Follicle Diameters and Hormone Concentrations within Individuals in Mares     

JC Jacob  EL Gastal  MO Gastal  GR Carvalho  MA Beg  OJ Ginther 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2009,44(1):92-99

Data were collected daily from 23 mares during two consecutive interovulatory intervals (IOIs). Several significant (p < 0.05) new observations on temporal relationships were made. The FSH increase that begins before ovulation temporarily plateaued on the day of discharge of follicular fluid into the peritoneal cavity in association with ovulation. During the declining portion of the pre-ovulatory oestradiol surge, an abrupt reduction in the rate of decrease occurred in synchrony with the peak of the LH surge and is consistent with a negative effect of LH on oestradiol. Repeatability within mares was based on the following positive and significant correlations between the two IOIs: (i) length of the interval between ovulations and between ovulation and the beginning of follicle deviation; (ii) diameter of the pre-ovulatory follicle on days -3 to -1; (iii) number of follicles in diameter classes of 2–5 mm (correlation for 22/23 days of the IOI), 5.1–10 mm (18/23 days), 10.1–15 mm (12/23 days) and 15.1–20 mm (12/23 days) and (iv) concentrations of FSH (18/23 days) and LH (22/23 days). The greatest repeatability for the follicle-diameter classes occurred in the 2–5 mm class, and thereafter the repeatability progressively decreased as the diameters for the classes increased. Results demonstrated measurable repeatability within mares for several end points between consecutive IOIs.  相似文献   

Intermediate Filament Proteins Expression and Carbohydrate Moieties in Trophoblast and Decidual Cells of Mature Cat Placenta     

PE Fernández  ME Diessler  A Pachame  HH Ortega  EJ Gimeno  EL Portiansky  CG Barbeito 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2014,49(2):263-269

The aim of this study was to characterize cytoskeletal intermediate filament proteins and glycoconjugates of syncytiotrophoblast, cytotrophoblast and decidual cells of feline endotheliochorial placenta. Samples from 12 normal pregnant female cats, after 45 ± 5 days of gestation, were obtained removing the uterine horns by hysterectomy. Sections were processed for routine observation and for immunohistochemistry using anticytokeratin, antivimentin and antidesmin antibodies. In addition, lectin histochemistry was performed using a panel of several biotinylated lectins to characterize glycosides expression profile. Cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast showed immunoreactivity only with acidic and basic cytokeratins. Decidual cells were only positive to vimentin, consistent with their origin from endometrial fibroblasts. Trophoblast expressed a broad population of glycans, highly exposing terminal N‐acetyl glucosamine residues and non‐sialylated galactose and N‐acetyl galactosamine oligomers. Oligosaccharides bound by Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin were the only highly branched N‐linked residues evidenced in cats, and they were restricted to the syncytium. Unlike results reported on humans, mice and rats on lectin affinity of decidual cells, sialid acids and complex N‐linked oligosaccharides were not demonstrated in cats. Glycosylation of proteins determines many of their final properties, thus becoming essential for the embryo‐maternal dialogue during implantation and placentation. Changes in glycosylation pattern have been related to pathological pregnancies in other species. Hence, the knowledge about glycosylation profile of the normal cat placenta may lead to a better understanding of both normal and pathological reproductive events.  相似文献   

Effects of a topically applied anaesthetic on the behaviour,pain sensitivity and weight gain of dairy calves following thermocautery disbudding with a local anaesthetic     

EL Cuttance  WA Mason  DA Yang  RA Laven  J McDermott  K Inglis 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(6):295-305

ABSTRACT

Aims: To compare the effect of a topically applied anaesthetic to no pain relief or meloxicam on the behavioural responses, pain sensitivity and weight gain of calves following disbudding with or without sedation.

Methods: A total of 364, 2–6 week-old calves from three commercial farms were systematically allocated to one of six treatment groups. All calves received a cornual nerve block prior to disbudding, with half restrained in a crate and half sedated with xylazine. Within these groups one third received no further treatment (control), one third were treated with meloxicam >10?minutes prior to disbudding and one third received a topical anaesthetic applied to the horn bud wounds following disbudding. The frequency of ear flicks, head shakes, head scratches and pain sensitivity of the wound were recorded on up to eight occasions over 24 hours after disbudding. Calves were weighed before, and 7 and 28 days after, disbudding to determine average daily weight gain (ADG).

Results: Compared to calves in the crate-control group, all other groups had reduced ear flicks at all times following disbudding (p?<?0.01). Treatment with meloxicam and topical anaesthesia in addition to sedation reduced head scratches compared to calves in the crate-control group (p?≤?0.013). At 22 hours after disbudding head shakes were reduced in sedated calves treated with topical anaesthetic compared to calves in the crate-control group (p?<?0.001). Pain sensitivity was lower in all sedated calves than unsedated calves (p?<?0.001). The ADG between Days 0–7 was 0.14 (95% CI?=?0.015–0.274) kg/day greater in sedated calves treated with meloxicam than calves in the crate-control group (p?=?0.03), and the ADG between Days 0–28 tended to be 0.06 (95% CI=?0.01–0.13) kg/day greater in sedated calves treated with topical anaesthetic than calves in the crate-control group (p?=?0.09).

Conclusion and clinical relevance: Sedation of calves for disbudding reduced the pain experienced in the following 24 hours. There was a benefit to providing calves with topical anaesthetic following disbudding on behavioural responses and pain sensitivity, which was similar to that of treating calves with meloxicam.  相似文献   

Modulation of Glycolysis and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway Influences Porcine Oocyte In Vitro Maturation     

GM Alvarez  EL Ferretti  C Gutnisky  GC Dalvit  PD Cetica 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2013,48(4):545-553

Glycolytic and pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) activities were modulated in porcine cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs) during in vitro maturation (IVM) by the addition of inhibitors or stimulators of key enzymes of the pathways to elucidate their relative participation in oocyte maturation. The activities of glycolysis and PPP were evaluated by lactate production per COC and by the brilliant cresyl blue test, respectively. Glucose uptake per COC and the oocyte maturation rate were also evaluated. Lactate production, glucose uptake and the percentage of oocytes reaching metaphase II decreased in a dose‐dependent manner in the presence of the pharmacological (NaF) or the physiological (ATP) inhibitors of glycolysis (p < 0.05). The addition of the physiological stimulator of glycolysis (AMP) caused no effect on lactate production, glucose uptake or the meiotic maturation rate. The pharmacological (6‐AN) and the physiological (NADPH) inhibitors of PPP induced a dose‐dependent decrease in the percentage of oocytes with high PPP activity and in the nuclear maturation rate (p < 0.05). The physiological stimulator of PPP (NADP) caused no effect on the percentage of oocytes with high PPP activity. The glycolytic and PPP activities of porcine COCs and maturational competence of oocytes seem to be closely related events. This study shows for the first time the regulatory effect of ATP and NADPH as physiological inhibitors of glycolysis and PPP in porcine COCs, respectively. Besides, these pathways seem to reach their maximum activities in porcine COCs during IVM because no further increases were achieved by the presence of AMP or NADP.  相似文献   

Determination of calcium fractionation in dogs with chronic renal failure     

Schenck PA  Chew DJ 《American journal of veterinary research》2003,64(9):1181-1184

OBJECTIVE: To determine concentrations of calcium (total [tCa], ionized [iCa], protein-bound [pCa], and complexed [cCa]) in dogs with chronic renal failure (CRF). ANIMALS: 23 dogs with CRF. PROCEDURE: Serum calcium was fractionated by use of a micropartition system. Total calcium and iCa concentrations and pH were measured in unfractionated serum, and tCa concentration was measured in the ultrafiltrate. The pCa fraction was calculated by subtracting tCa of the ultrafiltrate from tCa concentration of unfractionated serum. The iCa concentration in unfractionated serum was subtracted from tCa concentration in the ultrafiltrate to determine the concentration of cCa. RESULTS: Concentrations of tCa, iCa, pCa, and cCa had wide ranges among dogs with CRF Dogs with significantly low tCa concentration (770 +/- 1.73 mg/dL) had cCa concentration (0.76 +/- 0.38 mg/dL) within reference range, whereas dogs with reference range to high tCa concentration (10.85 +/- 1.13 mg/dL) had significantly high cCa concentration (2.62 +/- 1.04 mg/dL). There was no significant difference in iCa or pCa concentrations between groups. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Concentrations of tCa, iCa, cCa, and pCa varied widely in dogs with CRF Overall, cCa concentration was high, although subpopulations differed in cCa and tCa concentrations. Differences in tCa concentration were primarily attributable to differences in cCa fraction.  相似文献   

Fractionation of canine serum magnesium     

Schenck PA 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2005,34(2):137-139

BACKGROUND: Serum total magnesium (tMg) consists of 3 fractions: ionized magnesium (iMg), protein-bound magnesium (pbMg), and complexed magnesium (cMg). Serum iMg may be measured by an ion-selective electrode, but determination of pbMg and cMg has not been attempted in dogs. OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to assess the validity of a micropartition system to fractionate serum tMg and to establish reference intervals for pbMg, cMg, and iMg in clinically normal dogs using this method. METHODS: Serum samples from 10 clinically healthy dogs were fractionated using a micropartition system (Centrifree YM-30, Amicon Corp, Lexington, MA, USA). Serum tMg and iMg were measured in whole serum, and tMg was also measured in the ultrafiltrate. Concentration of cMg was obtained by the subtraction of iMg from tMg concentrations of the ultrafiltrate. Protein-bound Mg was calculated by subtracting the tMg concentration of the ultrafiltrate from the tMg concentration of whole serum. RESULTS: Results for pbMg and cMg using the micropartition system showed good reproducibility. Determination of tMg and iMg had acceptable inter- and intra-assay precision. Concentrations of iMg, cMg, and pbMg were 0.50 +/- 0.05 mmol/L, 0.05 +/- 0.04 mmol/L, and 0.24 +/- 0.04 mmol/L, representing 63%, 6%, and 31% of the tMg concentration, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The micropartition system was a reproducible means to accurately assess cMg and pbMg concentrations in dogs.  相似文献   

Interactive effects of thermal environment and dietary lysine and fat levels on rate, efficiency, and composition of growth of weanling pigs.     

B C Schenck  T S Stahly  G L Cromwell 《Journal of animal science》1992,70(12):3791-3802

Two trials involving 96 weanling pigs were conducted in which pigs were maintained in constant thermal environments of 20 degrees (cool) or 32 degrees C (hot) and self-fed fortified corn-soybean meal-whey diets that contained three amino acid regimens (.7, 1.0, or 1.3% lysine; approximately 13.6, 17.8, and 22.0% CP) without and with 5% added fat (choice white grease) for 42 d. The pigs were weaned between 28 and 32 d of age (8.07 +/- .58 kg) and penned in groups of two. Pigs in the cool environment consumed more (P < .01) feed and ME, gained more (P < .01) weight, and retained more (P < .01) body protein, fat, and water than those housed in the hot environment. As dietary lysine level increased, daily BW gain and body protein and water accretion increased linearly (P < .01) from d 0 to 21 and quadratically (P < .01) from d 21 to 42 in both environments. However, the magnitude of these responses was less (P < .05) in the cool than in the hot environment. Dietary fat addition decreased (P < .05) gain:ME ratios and body protein and water accretion from d 0 to 21 in both environments, but the magnitude of the reduction was greatest in pigs fed the low lysine diets in the hot environment. Based on these data, the growth response of weanling pigs to dietary lysine and fat levels is dependent on the thermal environment in which the animals are housed.  相似文献   

Pharmacokinetics of niclofolan in desert sheep     

B. H. ALI  H. A. EL SHEIKH  Q. A. McKELLAR † 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》1990,13(2):217-219

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LEIOMYOMA IN THE CERVIX AND HYPERPLASTIC ECTOPIC MAMMARY TISSUE IN A COAT     

R. O. RAMADAN  A. M. EL HASSAN 《Australian veterinary journal》1975,51(7):362-362

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The effect of medetomidine and its antagonism with atipamezole on stress-related hormones, metabolites, physiologic responses, sedation, and analgesia in goats     

GL  Carroll  SM Hartsfield  TM Champney  SC Geller  EA Martinez  EL Haley 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2003,30(2):118-118

Six 3‐year‐old goats (three males and three females) weighing 60.0 ± 18 kg (mean ± SD) were used to investigate the effect of medetomidine (MED; 20 µg kg^?1 IV) and its antagonism with atipamezole (ATI; 100 µg kg^?1 IV) on physiologic responses (heart rate (HR; beats minute^?1), respiratory rate (RR; breaths minute^?1), electrocardiogram (ECG), rectal temperature (T; °C), blood pressure (oscillometric; mm Hg), sedation (SED), posture (REC), analgesia (ALG), and stress‐related hormonal and metabolic responses (epinephrine and norepinephrine (high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection), cortisol (COR; µg dL^?1; radioimmunoassay), glucose (GLU; mg mL^?1; enzymatic colorimetric assay), and free fatty acids (modified enzymatic colorimetric assay)); each goat received ATI or SAL in random order separated by 1 week. Jugular catheters were placed for drug administration and blood sampling (10–12 mL sample^?1) using a lidocaine skin block (20 mg) 2 hours prior to beginning of each trial; during this trial, goats breathed room air. Physiologic parameters were measured, SED, REC, and ALG were scored, and blood samples were collected from jugular catheters at baseline (time = ?30 minutes), 5 minutes post‐MED administration (time = ?25 minutes), 25 minute post‐MED administration and immediately prior to antagonism (time = 0 minute), and at 5, 30, 60, and 120 minutes after administering ATI or SAL. ALG was tested by clamping the withers and metacarpus with hoof testers fitted with a force transducer to measure applied isometric force (lb) (a technique used previously in goats to evaluate analgesia). Continuous variables were analyzed by Repeated Measures analysis of variance (anova ); categorical data were analyzed using a Friedman Repeated Measures anova on ranks. A p‐value of <0.05 was considered significant. If a significant difference was found, a Dunnett's pair‐wise comparison of means was conducted. Differences between ATI and SAL were examined at 5, 30, 60, and 120 minutes using a paired t‐test with a Bonferroni correction. Administration of MED resulted in a decrease in T (38.7 ± 0.3 to 34.5 ± 0.4 °C), HR (78 ± 19 to 55 ± 9), and RR (31 ± 12 to 14 ± 5) over time; an increase in mean arterial blood pressure (90 ± 19 to 132 ± 23), COR (0.254 ± 0.125 to 4.327 ± 1.233), and GLU (82.0 ± 13.2 to 255.9 ± 38.9); and changes in SED (alert to marked sedation), REC (standing to recumbent), and ALG (metacarpus = 5 ± 2 to 14 ± 0; withers = 3 ± 2 to 14 ± 0). GLU was 62–70% higher at 60 and 120 minutes and COR was 336% higher after SAL than after ATI at 120 minutes; at 30, 60, and 120 minutes, T was 4–10% higher after ATI than SAL. There were no other significant differences. REC, SED, and ALG were antagonized after ATI. ATI did not antagonize the effect of MED on HR, RR, or MAP, but stabilized T and antagonized the increase in GLU and COR.  相似文献