Countercurrent supercritical fluid extraction and fractionation of alcoholic beverages   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Señoráns FJ  Ruiz-Rodríguez A  Ibañez E  Tabera J  Reglero G 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2001,49(4):1895-1899

A procedure for the recovery of aromatic extracts from distilled alcoholic beverages by means of a countercurrent supercritical fluid extraction (CC-SFE) on a pilot plant scale is studied. The beverage is directly in contact with the carbon dioxide current in a packed column, and the extracts are recovered in two different fractionation cells, where the depressurization occurs. The proposed method allows the selective extraction of aromatic components of the brandy flavor, rendering a high-value concentrated extract and a colored residue without brandy aroma. The content in ethanol of the aromatic extract can be modified by tuning the extraction/fractionation conditions, rendering from 15 to 95% recovery. The effect of the main variables, including extraction pressure and quality of extracting CO(2), has been tested.  相似文献   

3,4-Dihydroxyflavone acts as an antioxidant and antiapoptotic agent to support bovine embryo development in vitro     

Lee KS  Kim EY  Jeon K  Cho SG  Han YJ  Yang BC  Lee SS  Ko MS  Riu KJ  Lee HT  Park SP 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2011,57(1):127-134

The effects of two antioxidants, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the flavonoid 3,4-dihydroxyflavone (DHF), on bovine embryo development in vitro were examined. Blastocyst development, total cell and inner cell mass (ICM) numbers, intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), apoptotic indices and gene expression levels were examined before and after treatment of day 2 bovine embryos (≥2-4 cells) with various concentrations of 3,4-DHF or SOD for 6 days. Statistical analysis was performed using analysis of variance, with significance defined at the P<0.05 level. SOD had no significant effect on bovine embryo development at any tested concentration (control, 32.8%; 300 U/ml, 33.9%; 600 U/ml, 24.2%). In contrast, 10 μM 3,4-DHF promoted higher blastocyst development (39.3%) than any other concentration (control, 26.7%; 1 μM, 30.3%; 50 μM, 29.5%; 100 μM, 20.5%). Compared with 300 U/ml SOD, 10 μM 3,4-DHF resulted in significantly higher blastocyst development (44.2%) (control, 31.5%; SOD 300 U/ml, 33.6%). Treatment with 3,4-DHF increased the ICM cell number and reduced intracellular ROS production and apoptotic cell numbers. When O(2) tension was decreased from 20% (high tension) to 5% (low tension), embryo development rates were doubled regardless of 3,4-DHF treatment. Under high O(2) tension, 10 μM 3,4-DHF treatment may render bovine embryo development similar to a low O(2) tension environment. The best blastocyst development was obtained under low O(2) tension plus 10 μM 3,4-DHF treatment. The relative expression levels of antioxidant (MnSOD), antiapoptotic (Survivin, Bax inhibitor) and growth-related genes (IFN-τ, Glut-5) were significantly increased after 3,4-DHF treatment, while the expression levels of oxidant (Sox) and apoptotic genes (Caspase-3 and Bax) were reduced. These results suggest that 3,4-DHF may promote the in vitro development of bovine embryos through its antioxidant and antiapoptotic effects.  相似文献   

The use of embryonic stem cell derived bioactive material as a new protein supplement for the in vitro culture of bovine embryos     

Kim EY  Lee JB  Park HY  Jeong CJ  Riu KZ  Park SP 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2011,57(3):346-354

Embryonic stem (ES) cells are expanded versions of the inner cell mass cells that compose the early mammalian blastocyst. Components derived from ES cells may contain various bioactive materials (BM) helpful for early preimplantation embryo growth. In this study, we examined the effect of human ES cell derived BM (hES-BM) on in vitro culture of bovine embryos. When bovine parthenogenetic day 2 embryos were cultured in 10% hES-BM, a significantly higher embryo development rate (44.3%) and increased cell numbers were observed relative to control medium containing 3 mg/ml BSA (19.5%; P<0.01). Among the various concentrations (5, 10 and 15%) and days of treatment (2 or 4 days) tested, 10% hES-BM treatment for 4 days provided the best culture environment to support the growth of bovine embryos in vitro (P<0.05). Little difference was observed between 10% hES-BM and 10% FBS treatment in the examined parthenogenetic or in vitro fertilized embryos, although the hES-BM group developed at a slightly better rate. However, the ICM cell numbers were significantly higher in the hES-BM group in irrespective of embryo origin (P<0.05). In addition, the relative levels of pluripotency (Oct4, × 1.8 fold; Nanog. × 3.3 fold), embryogenesis (Stat3, × 2.8 fold; FGF4, × 18.8 fold; E-cad, × 2.0 fold) and growth (Glut5, × 2.6 fold) genes were significantly higher in the 10% hES-BM group than in the 10% FBS group (P<0.05), while the levels of other genes (Bax, Bcl2, MnSOD and Connexin43) were not different. This is the first report examining the positive effects of hES-BM on bovine embryo development in vitro. Based on our results, we conclude that hES-BM can be used as a new protein supplement for bovine preimplantation embryo development.  相似文献   

Preliminary results on the chemical composition of the Turkish carob beans     

Y. Vardar  Ö. Seçmen  M. Ahmed 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1972,21(4):367-379

The present study embodies investigations on the chemical composition of three types of carob fruits viz. sisam, fleshy and wild. A perusal of analytical and chromatographic results reveals that the pods of sisam type are rich in sugar content (43.84%) as compared to that of wild and fleshy types. The sugars in general are of non-reducing type. The pods contain four kinds of sugars, namely: glucose, fructose, maltose and sucrose; latter being the principal constituent. In comparison with sugar content the protein content of pods is very low being 2.48%–4.76%. There are four types of amino acids present in the pods, namely: alanine, proline, leucine and valine. The fruits are very poor in fats. As compared to the pods, seeds in general lack sugars but possess higher protein, fat and ash content.

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Zusammenfassung In der Arbeit wurden drei Typen — Sisam, fleischig und wild — der Bohne Ceratonia siliqua untersucht.Wie aus den analytischen und chromatographischen Ergebnissen zu ersehen ist, sind die Früchte des Sisamtyps reicher an Zucker als die wilden und fleischigen Typen. Der maximale Zuckergehalt betrug bei der Sisamart 43,48%. Es wurde festgestellt, daß der Zuckergehalt sich aus Glucose, Fructose, Maltose und Saccharose zusammensetzt, von denen die Saccharose den Hauptbestandteil bildet.Im Vergleich zum Zuckergehalt ist der Proteingehalt sehr niedrig, er schwankt zwischen 2,48 und 4,76%. Vier Aminosäuren konnten nachgewiesen werden, und zwar Alanin, Prolin, Leucin und Valin. Die Früchte sind arm an Ölen. Im Vergleich zu den Fruchtschalen sind die Samen sehr arm an Zuckern, besitzen aber einen höheren Protein-, Fett- und Aschegehalt.

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Résumé Le but de cet étude est d'analyser la nature chimique des fruits de caroubier des types sisam, pulpeux et sauvage. Comme on le constate dans les résultats analytiques et chromatographiques, les fruits de type sisam sont plus riches en protéin que de type pulpeux et la quantité de protéin y atteint à 43.48%. Les sucres sont en général de nature non réduits. Les légumines contiennent 4 types de sucre: glucose, fructose, maltose et saccarose. Entre eux c'est le saccarose qui est le plus abondant. Dans les légumines la quantité de protéin est moins que de la quantité de sucre, on a constaté que cette quantité varie de 2.48% à 4.76%. Les légumines peuvent comporter 4 types d'acide aminé: alanine, proline, leucine et valine. Les fruits sont très pauvres en huile. Les résultats d'analyse des germes ont découvert l'absence de sucre. Pourtant les germes sont riches, d'après ces analyses, en protéin, huile ainsi qu'en cendre.

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Authors are greatly indebted to Tate and Lyle Limited, Research Centre, Kent, England, for the financial support of this project.  相似文献   

Molecular approaches for enhancing sweetness in fruits and vegetables     

Akula Nookaraju  Chandrama P. Upadhyaya  Shashank K. Pandey  Ko Eun Young  Se Jin Hong  Suk Keun Park  Se Won Park 《Scientia Horticulturae》2010

The quality of fruits and vegetables is mainly dependant on the sweetness determined by the level of soluble sugars such as glucose, fructose and sucrose. Other fruit quality parameters include Brix content, acidity, aroma, color, size and shape. Total sugar content in fruits and vegetables is a function of genetic, nutritional, environmental and developmental factors. Understanding the factors controlling sweetness is important to design strategies for enhancing quality of fruits and vegetables. Modifying the activity of enzymes in carbohydrate metabolism such as sucrose synthase (SuSy), acid invertase, ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase), sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) and sucrose transporters were found to influence carbohydrate partitioning and sucrose accumulation in sink tissues of several food crops. Plant based taste-modifying sweet proteins such as brazzein, cucurmin, mabinlin, monellin, miraculin, neoculin and thaumatin have potential application for developing transgenic plants to improve the sweetness and quality of fruits and vegetables. The present review envisages various cultural, breeding and molecular approaches used for enhancing sugar content and sweetness in fruits and vegetables.  相似文献   

林芝地区一例鸡沙门氏菌的分离与鉴定     

鲁志平  色珠  姚海潮  次仁多吉  曾江勇  刘建枝  拉巴次旦  吴金措姆 《广东畜牧兽医科技》2010,35(4):25-26

2009年5月,林芝地区某个体养鸡户的鸡发病死亡。通过剖检病死鸡、病原菌的分离培养、生化试验、致病性试验和血清学试验等,鉴定出病料中含有鸡沙门氏菌,结合临床表现诊断为鸡白痢。  相似文献   

Isolation and identification of bacteriophages infecting ayu Plecoglossus altivelis altivelis specific Flavobacterium psychrophilum     

Ji Hyung Kim  Dennis K. Gomez  Toshihiro Nakai  Se Chang Park 《Veterinary microbiology》2010,140(1-2):109-115

In order to investigate methods for controlling systemic bacterial coldwater disease (CWD), bacteriophages that infect Flavobacterium psychrophilum were isolated by the enrichment method from pond water collected from Japanese ayu farms. The five phages isolated were classified as members of Myoviridae (PFpW-3, PFpC-Y), Podoviridae (PFpW-6, PFpW-7), and Siphoviridae (PFpW-8) and had highly variable patterns of infectivity for different F. psychrophilum isolates (n = 128). The stability tests of the phages in different waters, pHs and temperatures were assessed, and the results indicated that none of the phages were affected by ayu farm conditions. Among the phages, PFpW-3 had high infectivity for F. psychrophilum isolated from ayu and other fish and demonstrated sufficient survivability in the stability tests. Thus, PFpW-3 and its indicator strain N2-3 were inoculated into cytophaga broth at different doses of multiplicity of infection (MOI) and proved to be efficient for the reduction of bacterial growth. This study may be the basis for a further evaluation of phage therapy in the treatment of CWD in Japanese ayu farms.  相似文献   

Fucoidan from Fucus vesiculosus Protects against Alcohol-Induced Liver Damage by Modulating Inflammatory Mediators in Mice and HepG2 Cells     

Jung Dae Lim  Sung Ryul Lee  Taeseong Kim  Seon-A Jang  Se Chan Kang  Hyun Jung Koo  Eunsoo Sohn  Jong Phil Bak  Seung Namkoong  Hyoung Kyu Kim  In Sung Song  Nari Kim  Eun-Hwa Sohn  Jin Han 《Marine drugs》2015,13(2):1051-1067

Fucoidan is an l-fucose-enriched sulfated polysaccharide isolated from brown algae and marine invertebrates. In this study, we investigated the protective effect of fucoidan from Fucus vesiculosus on alcohol-induced murine liver damage. Liver injury was induced by oral administration of 25% alcohol with or without fucoidan (30 mg/kg or 60 mg/kg) for seven days. Alcohol administration increased serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels, but these increases were suppressed by the treatment of fucoidan. Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1), a liver fibrosis-inducing factor, was highly expressed in the alcohol-fed group and human hepatoma HepG2 cell; however, the increase in TGF-β1 expression was reduced following fucoidan administration. Treatment with fucoidan was also found to significantly reduce the production of inflammation-promoting cyclooygenase-2 and nitric oxide, while markedly increasing the expression of the hepatoprotective enzyme, hemeoxygenase-1, on murine liver and HepG2 cells. Taken together, the antifibrotic and anti-inflammatory effects of fucoidan on alcohol-induced liver damage may provide valuable insights into developing new therapeutics or interventions.  相似文献   

A modified method for inducing periodontitis in dogs using a silk-wire twisted ligature     

Se Eun Kim  Eui Ri Lee  Yesran Lee  Manbok Jeong  Young Woo Park  Jae Sang Ahn  Jeong Taek Ahn  Kangmoon Seo 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2012,13(2):193-197

This study was designed to assess the effectiveness of a modified silk ligature twisted with wire for inducing advanced periodontitis. Periodontitis was induced in five premolars and one molar of 20 healthy dogs over a 60-day period. The dogs were divided into four groups according to the ligature-inducing materials used: soft moistened food only, wire ligature (WL), silk ligature (SL) and twisted ligature with silk and wire (SWL). Periodontal indices were recorded, and dental radiographs were taken before and after 60 days of ligation. The ligatures were checked daily and the day the ligature fell out was noted. The period during which the ligatures were maintained was significantly shorter for the SL group compared to the SWL group (p < 0.05). Results of the clinical examination showed that almost all periodontal status parameters including the plaque index, gingival index, clinical attachment level, and bleeding on probing were significantly exacerbated in the SWL group compared to the other groups (p < 0.05). Radiographic evaluation demonstrated that alveolar bone levels were significantly lower in the SWL group than the other groups on day 60 (p < 0.05). These results suggested that experimental periodontitis induced by SWL could be an effective method for investigating periodontitis in canine models.  相似文献   

Does the potential ammonium fixation of soils have an impact on the optimum nitrogen fertilizer rate?     

Müzeyyen Seçer  Oya Erdemir 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2018,49(12):1522-1529

Field experiments were conducted to determine the effect of nitrogen (N) fertilizer forms and doses on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) on three soils differing in their ammonium (NH₄) fixation capacity [high = 161 mg fixed NH₄-N kg^?1 soil, medium = 31.5 mg fixed NH₄-N kg^?1 soil and no = nearly no fixed NH₄-N kg^?1 soil]. On high NH₄⁺ fixing soil, 80 kg N ha^?1 Urea+ ammonium nitrate [NH₄NO₃] or 240 kg N ha^?1 ammonium sulfate [(NH₄)₂SO₄]+(NH₄)₂SO₄, was required to obtain the maximum yield. Urea + NH₄NO₃ generally showed the highest significance in respect to the agronomic efficiency of N fertilizers. In the non NH₄⁺ fixing soil, 80 kg N ha^?1 urea+NH₄NO₃ was enough to obtain high grain yield. The agronomic efficiency of N fertilizers was generally higher in the non NH₄⁺ fixing soil than in the others. Grain protein was highly affected by NH₄⁺ fixation capacities and N doses. Harvest index was affected by the NH₄⁺ fixation capacity at the 1% significance level.  相似文献