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The feasibility of using waste mushroom medium (WMM) as a substrate for enzymic saccharification to produce bioethanol or
other bioproducts was investigated. WMM was broken up or left unbroken and stored at constant temperatures (5°, 15°, and 25°C)
for 1 or 2 month(s) to accelerate lignin degradation by shiitake, which is a white rot fungus, and to increase the saccharification
ratio. When the physicochemical properties of WMM and stored WMM were investigated, it was evident that the mushroom medium
(MM) lignocellulose had decomposed during shiitake cultivation and its subsequent storage at a constant temperature. WMM and
stored WMM were more susceptible to attack by cellulase than MM. When the unbroken WMM that was stored at 25°C for 2 months
was saccharized with meicelase at 5 FPU/g substrate, its saccharification ratio was higher than that of unstored WMM. The
maximum glucose yield of the stored WMM was 200.5 mg/g substrate, approximately 4.1 times as large as the value for autoclaved
MM under the same saccharification condition. The saccharification ratio of the constituent cellulose was approximately 60%. 相似文献
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Somfai T Imai K Kaneda M Akagi S Watanabe S Haraguchi S Mizutani E Dang-Nguyen TQ Inaba Y Geshi M Nagai T 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2011,57(6):723-730
Since BSE testing of slaughtered cattle is obligatory in Japan, storage of ovaries at 15-20 C overnight in phosphate buffered saline has become a routine protocol in in vitro production (IVP) of cattle embryos. Ovary storage is known to reduce developmental competence of oocytes; however, its effects on oocyte gene expression have not been clarified yet. This study compared oocytes collected from stored slaughterhouse-derived ovaries with those collected by Ovum Pick-Up (OPU) in terms of the expression of 20 selected genes to determine if ovary storage affects cellular processes at the molecular level. Expression of mRNA in oocytes was assayed before and after in vitro maturation (IVM) by real-time quantitative PCR. Maternal mRNA levels of genes were investigated in 2-cell stage embryos obtained from slaughterhouse oocytes to assess their roles for blastocyst formation. In immature OPU oocytes, genes related to metabolism (GAPDH), transporters (GLUT8, ATP1A1) and stress resistance protein (HSP70) showed significantly higher expression compared with oocytes derived from stored ovaries. During IVM, the expression of GDF9, GLUT8, CTNNB1 and PMSB1 was significantly decreased irrespective of oocyte source. Two-cell stage embryos cleaving at 22-25 h after in vitro fertilization (IVF) showed a significantly higher blastocyst formation rate and ATP1A1 gene expression level compared with those cleaving at 27-30 h after IVF. Our results reveal that storage of ovaries alters mRNA levels in oocytes. Correlation of Na/K ATPase ATP1A1 expression in IVP embryos at the 2-cell and 8-cell stages with their developmental ability to the blastocyst stage may suggest the importance of maternal mRNA of this gene during blastulation in embryos derived from slaughterhouse oocytes. 相似文献
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Characterization of ammonia-assimilating bacteria in a lagoon for wastewater from a paddock of dairy cattle 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Hiraku SASAKI Gen MARUYAMA Hanatsu SUZUKI Jun NONAKA Masaaki SATO Takako SASAKI Minoru OHTA Yutaka NAKAI 《Animal Science Journal》2002,73(1):73-76
We investigated microorganisms that assimilated ammonia in lagoon treatment processes. Ammonia‐assimilating microorganisms were detected by nitrogen‐limited medium that contained ammonia as the sole nitrogen source. Numbers of ammonia‐assimilating aerobes (log CFU/g) were 3.4, 4.8, 5.0, 4.8 and 5.0 (log CFU/mL) on the culture plate incubated at 4°C, 10°C, 15°C, 20°C and 25°C, respectively. Many isolates used ammonia in high rates when they were purely cultivated in nitrogen‐limited medium added to sterilized lagoon extract. Many of them used ammonia even when they were cultivated in media containing viable microbial flora of the lagoon. Among them, enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas sp. were identified by analysis of 16S ribosomal DNA. 相似文献
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Mohamed ELBADAWY Takara SAKIYAMA Rania ABOHATAB Kazuaki SASAKI Minoru SHIMODA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(1):21-26
In the present study, we examined the oral pharmacokinetics of the acidic drugs,
diclofenac (DF) and sulfamonomethoxine (SMM), which have different physicochemical
properties, in Shiba goats. DF and SMM were intravenously and orally administered to 5
male goats using a crossover design. The Tmax of DF and SMM were reached 1.5
and 5.6 hr after they have been orally administered, respectively, and this was followed
by their slow elimination. The elimination of both drugs was markedly faster after being
intravenously rather than orally administered, which indicated flip-flop phenomena after
the oral administration. The mean absorption times (MATs) of DF and SMM were 6 and 15 hr,
respectively. This slow absorption may have been due to slow gastric emptying in goats.
The large difference observed in MATs between DF and SMM may have been because DF, which
is more lipophilic than SMM, was partly absorbed from the forestomach. Therefore, these
results suggest that the absorption of highly lipophilic drugs from the forestomach may be
markedly high in Shiba goats. In case of drugs whose elimination is quite fast, their
efficacies may appear from the early stage after oral administration even in ruminants,
because elimination rate is the determinant factor of Tmax in flip-flop
phenomena. Such drugs may be used orally even in ruminants. 相似文献
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Mohamed ELBADAWY Kazuaki SASAKI Yuji MIYAZAKI Mohamed ABOUBAKR Waleed Fathy KHALIL Minoru SHIMODA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(10):1331-1334
The pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen was investigated following oral dosing to Shiba
goats in order to evaluate the properties of gastric emptying. Acetaminophen was
intravenously and orally administered at 30 mg/kg body weight to goats using a crossover
design with a 3-week washout period. The stability of acetaminophen in rumen juice was
also assessed. Acetaminophen concentrations were measured by HPLC. Since acetaminophen was
stable in rumen juice for 24 hr, the extremely low bioavailability (16%) was attributed to
its hepatic extensive first-pass effect. The mean absorption time and absorption half-life
were unexpectedly short (4.93 and 3.35 hr, respectively), indicating its marked absorption
from the forestomach, which may have been due to its smaller molecular weight. Therefore,
acetaminophen was considered to be unsuitable for evaluating gastric emptying in Shiba
goats. 相似文献
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