Investigation of intergeneric crossability of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Vicia faba</Emphasis> L. and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Thermopsis turcica</Emphasis> Kit Tan,Vural et Küçüködük     

Dilek Tekdal  Selim Cetiner 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2017,64(7):1605-1611

An unilocular ovary is often observed in the Fabaceae family. Thermopsis turcica Kit Tan, Vural et Küçüködük is an endemic, rare plant species in Turkey that is distinguished by its multi-carpellary apocarpous ovaries. No research has been conducted on the crossing of T. turcica with other species to date. Vicia faba L. (fababean) (2n = 12), which is one of the oldest crops used for human and animal consumption, and Thermopsis turcica (2n = 18) were selected to explore the possibility of increasing yield in edible crops by intergeneric crossing. When T. turcica was used as a male parent, pollen germination and pollen tube growth appeared to be normal and globular embryo formation was observed, but hybrid seeds aborted due to post-fertilization barriers. In contrast, in all crosses in which T. turcica was used as a maternal parent, an embryo was not obtained, and viability of the pistil did not exceed 10 days after pollination. Also, in the samples left to free pollination, pistils died in a few days after anthers were removed just before pre-anthesis. Inability to obtain viable seeds by hybridization of Vicia faba and T. turcica should not be considered as a demonstration of complete incompatibility of the species in intergeneric crosses. The present report constitutes the first study on this issue.  相似文献   

Characterization of selected cellulolytic activities of multi-enzymatic complex system from Penicillium funiculosum   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Karboune S  Geraert PA  Kermasha S 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(3):903-909

The presence of endo-1,4-beta-D-glucanase, cellobiohydrolase, and beta-glucosidase activities in a multi-enzymatic complex system from Penicillium funiculosum was investigated. The interesting feature of these enzymes is their synergistic action for the hydrolysis of the native cellulose into glucose units. Both endo-1,4-beta-D-glucanase and cellobiohydrolase showed broader pH activity profiles, with pH optima of 4.0 and 4.0-5.0, respectively. However, beta-glucosidase activity showed a narrow pH-activity profile, with an optimum pH of 4.5. The different cellulolytic activities were stable in the acidic pH range of 2.5-6.0 and showed a similar optimal temperature of 60 degrees C. Although beta-glucosidase has shown a close catalytic efficiency as that of endo-1,4-beta-D-glucanase, its thermal stability was lower. However, the thermal stability profile of cellobiohydrolase was close to that of endo-1,4-beta-D-glucanase. The results also revealed the presence of high levels of endo-1,3-1,4-beta-D-glucanase, endo-1,3-beta- d-glucanase, and pectinase activities in the multi-enzymatic cellulolytic complex system. Moreover, the investigated multi-enzymatic complex system was effective in degrading the nonstarch polysaccharides of soybean meal.  相似文献   

Free radical oxidation products in plasma and synovial fluid of horses with synovial inflammation     

DE AUER  JC NG†  AA SEA WRIGHT† 《Australian veterinary journal》1993,70(2):49-52

SUMMARY: Free radical oxidation products, namely conjugated dienes, ultraviolet fluorescence (excitation 325 nm, emission 395 nm) and visible fluorescence (excitation 360 nm, emission 460 nm) were measured in equine synovial fluid exposed to free radicals In vitro and in the plasma and synovial fluids of horses with synovial effusions. The synovial effusions were induced by intra-articularly administered carrageenin (0.3 ml, 1%), which rarely resulted in clinical lameness. The free radicals were generated In vitro by mixtures of iron and ethylene diamine tetra acetate (Fe/EDTA) or mixtures of hypoxanthine and xanthine oxidase (HX/XO). The conjugated diene concentrations and intensity of ultraviolet fluorescence were negligible in plasma and synovial fluid specimens. No increase resulted from incubation of synovial fluids with either a free radical generating system or as a result of the induced inflammation. The intensity of visible fluorescence did not increase in specimens incubated with Fe/EDTA. However, the intensity of visible fluorescence increased in specimens incubated with HX/XO, in synovial effusions induced by carrageenin, in plasma and in synovial fluids aspirated from saline injected controls. The results indicate that the intensity of visible fluorescence of equine synovial fluid increases after exposure to free radicals and during synovitis in the horse, suggesting a possible role for free radicals in the pathogenesis of equine inflammatory joint diseas  相似文献   

Ostertagiasis in calves. II. infection parameters and body weight gains following housing     

R.J. Jørgensen  P. Nansen  SV.AA. Henriksen  KR. Sejrsen  J. Brolund Larsen  S. Klausen 《Veterinary parasitology》1978,4(1):55-68

The performance of six groups of six calves each from a previous field experiment was followed from the beginning of housing until turning out seven months later. When housed the groups harboured different levels of infection with Ostertagia ostertagi and had corresponding weight and gain reductions. The most heavily infected groups improved rapidly following housing. Elevated serum pepsinogen levels decreased markedly, and approached normal values at eight weeks. Differences in serum pepsinogen levels between groups diminished considerably, but remained significant over the entire stabling period. The serum albumin level was low in the most seriously affected animals at the time of housing, but normal levels were restored within the first twelve weeks. In general, the number of parasite eggs in the faeces of the animals decreased, but there was considerable fluctuation. Apart from a single sampling date, no significant difference in egg per gram (EPG) could be demonstrated between the experimental groups during the stabling period.The calves were fed according to their age. The live weight differences between most and least affected groups diminished from 64 kg at the time of housing to 37 kg at the end of the stabling period. The reduction took place particularly during the first four weeks of housing.Considering both the grazing and stabling periods, it appeared that anthelmintic treatment twice during the period had no effect on the final live weight, whereas remeated treatments at three-week intervals resulted in an increase of 24 kg. Similarly, moving the animals to a clean pasture in mid-July resulted in an increase of 39 kg at the end of the stabling period when compared to calves which were not moved. Treatment of moved animals did not result in further body weight gain after seven months of housing.No significant correlation was found between parasite EPG of faeces and growth rate during the stabling period. However, a positive correlation was found between serum pepsinogen during the first eight weeks of housing and the weight gain over the entire stabling period. This was in contrast to the correlation experienced during the grazing period.  相似文献   

Alpha‐Linolenic Acid Supplementation in Tris Extender Can Improve Frozen–Thawed Bull Semen Quality          下载免费PDF全文

A Kaka  H Wahid  Y Rosnina  N Yimer  AM Khumran  AA Behan  M Ebrahimi 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2015,50(1):29-33

The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of α ‐linolenic acid (ALA) on frozen–thawed quality and fatty acid composition of bull sperm. For that, twenty‐four ejaculates obtained from three bulls were diluted in a Tris extender containing 0 (control), 3, 5, 10 and 15 ng/ml of ALA. Extended semen was incubated at 37°C for 15 min, to allow absorption of ALA by sperm cell membrane. The sample was chilled for 2 h, packed into 0.25‐ml straws and frozen in liquid nitrogen for 24 h. Subsequently, straws were thawed and evaluated for total sperm motility (computer‐assisted semen analysis), membrane functional integrity (hypo‐osmotic swelling test), viability (eosin‐nigrosin), fatty acid composition (gas chromatography) and lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances (TBARS)). A higher (p < 0.05) percentage of total sperm motility was observed in ALA groups 5 ng/ml (47.74 ± 07) and 10 ng/ml (44.90 ± 0.7) in comparison with control (34.53 ± 3.0), 3 ng/ml (34.40 ± 2.6) and 15 ng/ml (34.60 ± 2.9). Still, the 5 ng/ml ALA group presented a higher (p < 0.05) percentage of viable sperms (74.13 ± 0.8) and sperms with intact membrane (74.46 ± 09) than all other experimental groups. ALA concentration and lipid peroxidation in post‐thawed sperm was higher in all treated groups when compared to the control group. As such, the addition of 5 ng/ml of ALA to Tris extender improved quality of frozen–thawed bull spermatozoa.  相似文献   

Early Cleavage of Handmade Cloned Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Embryos is an Indicator of Their Developmental Competence and Quality          下载免费PDF全文

S Kaith  M Saini  AK Raja  AA Sahare  B Jyotsana  P Madheshiya  P Palta  MS Chauhan  RS Manik  SK Singla 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2015,50(2):214-220

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Integrating local ecological knowledge,citizen science and long‐term historical data for endangered species conservation: Additional records of angel sharks (Chondrichthyes: Squatinidae) in the Mediterranean Sea     

Ioannis Giovos  Vasilis‐Orestis Stoilas  Sara AA Al‐Mabruk  Nikolaos Doumpas  Philippos Marakis  Mary Maximiadi  Dimitrios Moutopoulos  Periklis Kleitou  Ioannis Keramidas  Francesco Tiralongo  Alessandro de Maddalena 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2019,29(6):881-890

Deficit irrigation of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in a sub-humid climate     

Ali Osman Demir  Abdurrahim Tanju Göksoy  Hakan Büyükcangaz  Zeki Metin Turan  Eyüp Selim Köksal 《Irrigation Science》2006,24(4):279-289

The response of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) to 14 irrigation treatments in a sub-humid environment (Bursa, Turkey) was studied in the field for two seasons. A rainfed (non-irrigated) treatment as the control and 13 irrigation treatments with full and 12 different deficit irrigations were applied to the hybrid Sanbro (Novartis Seed Company) planted on clay soil, at three critical development stages: heading (H), flowering (F) and milk ripening (M). The yield increased with irrigation water amount, and the highest seed yield (3.95 t ha⁻¹) and oil yield (1.78 t ha⁻¹) were obtained from the HFM treatment (full irrigation at three stages); 82.9 and 85.4% increases, respectively, compared to the control. Evapotranspiration (ET) increased with increased amounts of irrigation water supplied. The highest seasonal ET (average of 652 mm) was estimated at the HFM treatment. Additionally, yield response factor (k _y) was separately calculated for each, two and total growth stages, and k _y was found to be 0.8382, 0.9159 (the highest value) and 0.7708 (the lowest value) for the total growing season, heading, and flowering-milk ripening combination stages, respectively. It is concluded that HFM irrigation is the best choice for maximum yield under the local conditions, but these irrigation schemes must be re-considered in areas where water resources are more limited. In the case of more restricted irrigation, the limitation of irrigation water at the flowering period should be avoided; as the highest water use efficiency (WUE) (7.80 kg ha⁻¹ mm⁻¹) and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) (10.19 kg ha⁻¹ mm⁻¹) were obtained from the F treatment.  相似文献   

非反应性物质在土壤中的迁移及其参数确定   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5  

朱红霞  马立望  H.M.Selim 《土壤学报》1998,35(4):517-525

采用一维对流－水动力弥散方程研究了非反应性化学物质在土壤中的迁移行为。通过实验研究了土壤团聚体大小和孔隙水流速对非反应物质在土壤中迁移的影响。结果表明,对流－水动力弥散方程能较好地预报氚（＾３Ｈ２Ｏ）的穿透英线和迁移行为,随着团聚体由小变大,＾３Ｈ２Ｏ在其土柱中的穿透曲线的溶质出流提前,而淋洗结果推迟,峰值变小,最佳拟合Ｄ值由小变大。流速增加,Ｄ值增大,扩散现象加剧,Ｄ和流速呈正比。这为进一步研究  相似文献   

Foliar-applied glyphosate substantially reduced uptake and transport of iron and manganese in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) plants   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Eker S  Ozturk L  Yazici A  Erenoglu B  Romheld V  Cakmak I 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(26):10019-10025

Evidence clearly shows that cationic micronutrients in spray solutions reduce the herbicidal effectiveness of glyphosate for weed control due to the formation of metal-glyphosate complexes. The formation of these glyphosate-metal complexes in plant tissue may also impair micronutrient nutrition of nontarget plants when exposed to glyphosate drift or glyphosate residues in soil. In the present study, the effects of simulated glyphosate drift on plant growth and uptake, translocation, and accumulation (tissue concentration) of iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu) were investigated in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) plants grown in nutrient solution under controlled environmental conditions. Glyphosate was sprayed on plant shoots at different rates between 1.25 and 6.0% of the recommended dosage (i.e., 0.39 and 1.89 mM glyphosate isopropylamine salt). Glyphosate applications significantly decreased root and shoot dry matter production and chlorophyll concentrations of young leaves and shoot tips. The basal parts of the youngest leaves and shoot tips were severely chlorotic. These effects became apparent within 48 h after the glyphosate spray. Glyphosate also caused substantial decreases in leaf concentration of Fe and Mn while the concentration of Zn and Cu was less affected. In short-term uptake experiments with radiolabeled Fe (59Fe), Mn (54Mn), and Zn (65Zn), root uptake of 59Fe and 54Mn was significantly reduced in 12 and 24 h after application of 6% of the recommended dosage of glyphosate, respectively. Glyphosate resulted in almost complete inhibition of root-to-shoot translocation of 59Fe within 12 h and 54Mn within 24 h after application. These results suggest that glyphosate residues or drift may result in severe impairments in Fe and Mn nutrition of nontarget plants, possibly due to the formation of poorly soluble glyphosate-metal complexes in plant tissues and/or rhizosphere interactions.  相似文献