Performance of dual and triple fungicide premixes for managing soybean rust across years and regions in Brazil: A meta-analysis     

Jhonatan P. Barro  Kaique S. Alves  Cláudia V. Godoy  Alfredo R. Dias  Carlos A. Forcelini  Carlos M. Utiamada  Edson R. de Andrade Júnior  Fernando C. Juliatti  Fernando J. Grigolli  Heraldo R. Feksa  Hercules D. Campos  Ione C. P. V. Chaves  Ivan P. Araújo Júnior  João Mauricio T. Roy  José Nunes Júnior  Luana M. R. Belufi  Luciana C. Carneiro  Luís H. C. P. Silva  Marcelo G. Canteri  Marcio M. Goussain Júnior  Marina Senger  Maurício C. Meyer  Moab D. Dias  Mônica A. Müller  Mônica C. Martins  Mônica P. Debortoli  Nédio R. Tormen  Silvânia H. Furlan  Tiago F. Konageski  Valtemir J. Carlin  Wilson S. Venâncio  Emerson M. Del Ponte 《Plant pathology》2021,70(8):1920-1935

Soybean rust in Brazil is currently controlled with several commercial fungicide premixes composed of demethylation inhibitors (EPOXiconazole, CYPRoconazole, PROThioconazole, TEBUconazole), quinone-outside inhibitors (AZOXystrobin, TriFLoXystrobin, PYRAclostrobin, PICOxystrobin), and succinate demethylation inhibitors (BENZovindiflupyr, BIXaFen, FLUXapyroxad). Here, we summarize the performance of eight premixes evaluated in 177 cooperative trials conducted in 46 locations across 10 states from 2015 to 2020. All fungicide treatments were sprayed three times starting at R1/R2. Percentage control (, %), from back-transforming meta-analytic estimates of the log of the ratio, ranged from 56.2% (PICO + CYPR) to 76.8% (BIXF + TFLX + PROT). Estimates of mean yield difference (, kg/ha) between fungicide-treated and untreated plots were greatest for BIXF + TFLX + PROT (1,080) followed by PICO + BENZ (1,010), PYRA + EPOX + FLUX (981.5), AZOX + BENZ (910), TFLX + PROT (891), PICO +TEBU (682), TFLX + CYPR (646), and PICO + CYPR (600). Significant declines in both and in as little as 4 years were detected for AZOX + BENZ (35.3%; 550 kg/ha) and PICO + BENZ (15.5%; 359.8 kg/ha). Variance in was reduced by the inclusion of baseline severity as covariate. In trials where baseline disease was ≥70%, yield was 250 kg/ha greater compared to areas with low baseline disease. Disease control and yield response were generally greater in the south-east, where the frequency of profitable scenarios was 30% higher on average than in the north-west. Results of this meta-analysis are critical for supporting decisions during planning of fungicide programmes.  相似文献   

New approaches to basic population ecology studies: Revealing more complex patterns of a small Characidae that inhabit streams     

Diego Corrêa Alves  Lilian Paula Vasconcelos  Robson Marcelo Rossi  Sidnei E. Lima-Junior  Yzel R. Súarez 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2020,29(4):574-587

Bayesian inference was used to estimate the main population parameters (sex ratio, L₅₀, LWR and somatic growth) and to evaluate sexual dimorphism and growth patterns (isometric/allometric and monophasic/biphasic growth) of Astyanax paranae of the Upper Paraná River. This study brings three statistical differentials: (a) the reparametrisation of the logistic model as a function of L₅₀; (b) the reparameterisations of the LWR models based on the exponential of a piecewise linear regression to evaluate the hypotheses of polyphase growth; and (c) the first application of the recently proposed somatic growth models based only on length data to real data, as well as its expansion and generalisation. The models estimated L₅₀ of females at 37.75 mm and sex ratio at 1.4 females per male. LWR models showed that both sexes presented biphasic growth with a lower increase in weight for males in first stanza. In second stanza, both sexes presented a greater increase in weight. Growth models showed that the growth rates were low, equal for both sexes in early life and slightly higher for females after the eighteenth months old. The studied population inhabits streams, therefore being exposed to constraining conditions that can limit the expression of their whole growth potential since they prioritise energy allocation for reproduction and survival, including reducing L₅₀ in order to ensure the maintenance of the population. Finally, the complex biological patterns that arose from the proposed LWR and growth models demonstrated high potential and applicability for population studies.  相似文献   

Contamination of Joints with Tissue Debris and Hair after Arthrocentesis: The Effect of Needle Insertion Angle,Spinal Needle Gauge,and Insertion of Spinal Needles with and without a Stylet     

Kevin Wahl DVM  Stephen B. Adams DVM  MS  Diplomate ACVS  George E. Moore DVM  PhD  Diplomate ACVIM & ACVPM 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2012,41(3):391-398

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Fish assemblages in Atlantic Forest streams: the relative influence of local and catchment environments on taxonomic and functional species          下载免费PDF全文

Bianca de F. Terra  Robert M. Hughes  Francisco G. Araújo 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2016,25(4):527-544

Streams are under environmental pressures acting at different scales that influence the ecological organisation of their fish assemblages. However, the relative influence of the different scale‐related variables on assemblage composition and function is poorly understood. We evaluated the importance of local‐ and catchment‐scale environmental variables, as well as the spatial structure of the sampling sites, in shaping fish assemblages in Atlantic Forest streams. Local‐scale variables were those measured at the sampling sites, describing the local habitat conditions (e.g. depth, substrate type, altitude). Catchment‐scale variables were those integrating the upstream landscape of the sampling sites (e.g. catchment land use). Spatial distances were calculated from watercourse distance using principal coordinates of neighbour matrices. Altogether, 28 local and seven catchment variables were initially subjected to two processes of eliminating co‐linearity. Redundancy analysis was applied to the three matrices (spatial, local and catchment) to quantify the variance in the structure of the fish assemblages explained by each matrix. Local variables explained more variability in both taxonomic and functional assemblage structure, than catchment and spatial variables. Local variables also changed along the longitudinal gradient, which consequently influenced fish assemblage structure. This pattern was also influenced by anthropogenic alteration and non‐native species, which were more abundant in downstream sites. These results highlight the need to assess Atlantic Forest streams under different environmental scales, especially through the use of quantitative local‐scale metrics, and to consider the effects of longitudinal patterns in structuring fish assemblages when developing and implementing monitoring programmes, impact studies and conservation plans.  相似文献   

Enrichment of Adult Artemia Biomass and Squid Mantle Muscle,Dosidicus gigas,with Different Ascorbic Acid (L‐Ascorbyl‐2‐Monophosphate‐Na/Ca) Concentrations          下载免费PDF全文

Miguel E. Marentes‐Montes  Jesús T. Ponce Palafox  Sergio Castillo‐Vargasmachuca  Irma E. Martínez‐Rodríguez  Jorge Castro Mejia  Manuel García‐Ulloa  Alireza Seidavi 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2015,46(2):219-227

L‐ascorbyl‐2‐monophosphate‐Na/Ca (AMP‐Na/Ca) was used as a vitamin C source to investigate its ascorbic acid (L‐AA) enrichment and retention in boosted Artemia biomass (AB) and squid mantle muscle (SM). Different doses of AMP‐Na/Ca (500, 1000, and 1500 AMP‐Na/Ca mg/kg) were gradually dissolved into the culture tanks at time 0 (T₀) and at each hour until Hour 6 (T₆). Samples of AB and SM were taken for AMP‐Na/Ca and L‐AA analysis at T₀, T₁, T₂, T₃, T_4, T₅, T₆, T₁₂, and T₂₄. There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) among the AB groups at T₁. The T₆ enrichment analysis for AB resulted in significant differences (P < 0.05) in the AMP‐Na/Ca content for the 1500 mg/kg treatment, in which the initial concentration (0.001 ± 0.002 mg/kg) increased by more than 16‐fold. For all AB enrichment treatments, the AMP‐Na/Ca content demonstrated a decrease (32–11%) for the T₆, T₁₂ and T₂₄ analysis. The T₁ analysis for SM at the higher AMP‐Na/Ca enrichment concentration registered 30 mg/kg of L‐AA and decreased (27.6%) at T₆. This study demonstrated that AB and SM can be boosted with AMP‐Na/Ca.  相似文献   

Effects of Inorganic and Organic Fertilization on Physicochemical Parameters,Bacterial Concentrations,and Shrimp Growth in Litopenaeus vannamei Cultures with Zero Water Exchange     

Guillermo F. Lara‐Anguiano  Héctor M. Esparza‐Leal  Juan C. Sainz‐Hernández  Jesús T. Ponce‐Palafox  Wenceslao Valenzuela‐Quiñónez  Juan P. Apun‐Molina  Mariel Gullian Klanian 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2013,44(4):499-510

To identify ways to improve water quality and shrimp production in closed systems, two parallel experiments (one in tanks and one in ponds) were conducted using Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, cultures. In both experiments, the effects of inorganic (Nutrilake®) and organic (molasses) fertilization on physicochemical parameters, bacterial concentrations, and shrimp performance under zero water exchange were evaluated. Fertilization with both molasses and Nutrilake enhanced the feed conversion rate, as well as shrimp survival and production. In tanks, the shrimp survival and production rates were highest in the molasses treatment, but this effect was not observed in ponds. In ponds, fertilization with Nutrilake increased nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations more than did the controls and molasses treatments toward the end of the experiment. In tanks, fertilization with molasses reduced ammonia concentrations toward the end of the experiment, but the same effect was not observed in ponds. In ponds, fertilization reduced the proportion of Vibrio spp. bacteria, which most likely reduced the incidence of disease from these potentially pathogenic organisms. In both culture systems, fertilization increased the proportion of Bacillus spp., which most likely enhanced food availability.  相似文献   

Male genital organs of the black-crowned dwarf marmoset (Callibella humilis)     

Kássia Regina Aguiar Vieira  Hiuane Araújo Weber  Fabiano José Ferreira de Sant’Ana  Guilherme Reis Blume  Felipe Ennes Silva  Marcelo Ismar S. Santana 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2023,52(2):163-171

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Ballistic trauma to the axial skeleton in 13 animals     

Jessica Linder DVM  Jonathon Daniel DVM  Francesca Vadurro  Leonel Londono DVM  DACVECC  Michaela Beasley DVM  MS  DACVIM  Gabriel A. Garcia DVM  DACVIM  Sheila Carrera-Justiz DVM  DACVIM 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2023,33(3):332-336

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Retrospective evaluation of intravenous catheterization in client-owned lizards at a veterinary teaching hospital: 21 cases (2018–2021)     

Marina Liles DVM  João Brandão LMV  MS  DECZM  Nicola Di Girolamo DVM  PhD  DECZM  DACZM  DACVPM 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2023,33(2):236-241

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Caudal vena cava measurements and fluid responsiveness in hospitalized cats with compromised hemodynamics and tissue hypoperfusion     

Pablo A. Donati MS  DVM  Marcela Tunesi DVM  Joaquin Araos PhD  DVM 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2023,33(1):29-37

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