A single sea lamprey attack causes acute anemia and mortality in lake sturgeon     

Sepúlveda MS  Patrick HK  Sutton TM 《Journal of aquatic animal health》2012,24(2):91-99

The effects of sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus parasitism on hematological variables have not been quantified for lake sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens. Our study objectives were to (1) assess changes in lake sturgeon hematology immediately after a single sea lamprey attack and after a 2-week recovery period and (2) assess changes in the histological condition of major hematopoietic organs. Lake sturgeon from four size-groups (470-570, 570-650, 650-760, and 950-1,500 mm fork length) were individually subjected to a sea lamprey attack in a series of 55 experimental trials. Survival of lake sturgeon after a single sea lamprey attack was size dependent, with fish in smaller size-groups exhibiting higher direct and indirect mortality than individuals in larger size-classes. The most sensitive blood chemistry variable was hematocrit: each 1% decline in hematocrit resulted in a 5.1% increase in mortality risk. Other important variables were plasma protein level, with a 10-g/dL decline resulting in a 4.2% increase in mortality risk; and hemoglobin, with a 1-g/dL decline resulting in a 2.9% increase in mortality risk. Most of the surviving lake sturgeon were unable to restore hemoglobin, hematocrit, and plasma protein to pre-attack levels by the end of the 2-week recovery period. We developed an index of histological spleen condition, which indicated that short-duration (< 5-d) sea lamprey attachments depleted red blood cell reserves faster than longer-duration attacks. Our study results indicate that sea lamprey parasitism has the potential to induce acute anemia in lake sturgeon and that nonlethal attacks on smaller (< 760-mm) fish can have serious physiological implications.  相似文献   

Relationships between body weight and milk yield during the early postpartum period and bull and technician and the reproductive performance of high producing dairy cows     

Santolaria P  López-Gatius F  Sánchez-Nadal JA  Yániz J 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2012,58(3):366-370

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of body weight (BW) change during the early postpartum period and BW on day 50 post partum on the subsequent expression of estrus and fertility at first insemination before day 90 post partum. The data were derived from 1036 postpartum cows reaching 90 days in milk. The following data were recorded for each animal: lactation number, daily milk production at day 50 post partum, calving date, days in milk at estrus and at AI, insemination date, insemination number, inseminating bull, AI technician and body weight at calving, at day 50 post partum and at AI. Of the 1036 cows registered, 817 (78.9%) showed first estrus before day 90 post partum and were inseminated. Using logistic regression procedures and based on the odds ratio a one unit (kg) increase in the daily milk production at day 50 post partum and a one unit (kg) decrease in the BW between calving and day 50 post partum were related to a 1.03-fold increase and a 0.97-fold decrease in the estrus expression rate before day 90 post partum, respectively. Of the 817 cows inseminated before day 90 post partum, 437 became pregnant (53.5%). A one unit increase in the BW at day 50 post partum produced a 1.003-fold increase in the early fertility rate. Pregnancy rate before day 90 was also influenced by the season at calving, bull providing semen and technician. In conclusion, the register of BW during the postpartum period may be a useful tool for evaluating the nutritional status and its relationship with the subsequent reproductive efficiency in dairy cows.  相似文献   

First report and molecular characterization of Trypanosoma vivax in cattle from state of Pernambuco, Brazil     

Pimentel Dde S  Ramos CA  Ramos RA  de Araújo FR  Borba ML  Faustino MA  Alves LC 《Veterinary parasitology》2012,185(2-4):286-289

This paper describes an outbreak of Trypanosoma vivax for the first time in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil, affecting dairy cattle in the municipality of Itambé in the northern coastal zone of the state. Clinical signs compatible with infection by blood protozoa and epidemic miscarriages were observed. The diagnosis of T. vivax was confirmed through biometric microscopy and molecular analysis with PCR and DNA sequencing. The T. vivax isolate detected in the present study proved to be genetically very close to other Brazilian isolates of the protozoan despite being geographically distant.  相似文献   

Superovulation in the Mare: A Work in Progress     

Janet F. Roser  Geraldine Meyers-Brown  MS  PhD 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2012

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Factors Affecting the Glucose Response to Insulin Injection in Mares: Epinephrine, Short- and Long-Term Prior Feed Intake, Cinnamon Extract, and Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation     

Lisa R. EarlDonald L. Thompson Jr.  PhD  Pamela B. Mitcham  MS 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2012,32(1):15-21

Five experiments were conducted with mares to better define factors that might affect the assessment of insulin sensitivity via direct insulin injection, and to then apply this method of assessing insulin sensitivity to trials which tested two potential supplements for improving poor insulin sensitivity in horses. The experiments assessed the effects of the following: (1) previous administration of epinephrine, (2) overnight feed deprivation versus hay or pasture consumption, (3) 10-day acclimatization to hay in a dry lot versus pasture grazing, (4) cinnamon extract supplementation, and (5) fish oil supplementation on insulin sensitivity. Mares of known high and low insulin sensitivities were used in the first three experiments, whereas mares with low insulin sensitivities were used in the supplement trials. Epinephrine administration increased blood glucose concentrations (P < .05) and prevented the insulin-induced decrease in blood glucose concentrations in both sensitive and insensitive mares. Overnight feed deprivation decreased (P < .06) insulin sensitivity relative to overnight ad libitum access to hay, and both regimens resulted in reduced insulin sensitivity relative to overnight pasture availability; sensitive and insensitive mares responded similarly except when kept on pasture (P = .0854). Ten days of hay consumption in a dry lot reduced (P < .05) insulin sensitivity in insensitive mares, but not in sensitive mares, relative to pasture grazing. Supplementation with cinnamon extract or fish oil had no effect on insulin sensitivity of mares with known low insulin sensitivity under the conditions of these experiments.  相似文献   

Isolation and characterization of equine blastocyst derived cells     

Pablo J. RossGerri A. Meyers-Brown  MS  PhD  James L. ChitwoodJanet F. Roser  MS  PhD 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2012

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Lack of inhibitory effect of acetylsalicylic acid and meloxicam on whole blood platelet aggregation in cats     

Curtis J. Cathcart DVM  Benjamin M. Brainard VMD  DACVA  DACVECC  Lisa R. Reynolds BSc  Sami Al‐Nadaf BSc  Steven C. Budsberg DVM  MS  DACVS 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2012,22(1):99-106

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Retrospective evaluation of neurotoxic rattlesnake envenomation in dogs and cats: 34 cases (2005–2010)     

Tracy M. Julius DVM  Monika K. Kaelble DVM  DACVECC  Elizabeth B. Leech MVB  MRCVS  DACVECC  Kimberly L. Boyle DVM  Erika J. Strandberg MS  Monica C. Clare VMD  DACVECC 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2012,22(4):460-469

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Adverse reactions from essential oil‐containing natural flea products exempted from Environmental Protection Agency regulations in dogs and cats     

Allison G. Genovese DVM  Mary Kay McLean MS  Safdar A. Khan DVM  MS  PhD  DABVT 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2012,22(4):470-475

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Platelet transfusions: treatment options for hemorrhage secondary to thrombocytopenia     

Bryan D. Hux DVM  Linda G. Martin DVM  MS  DACVECC 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2012,22(1):73-80

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