Limited fluid volume resuscitation (LFVR) in severe shock unresponsive to initial fluid challenge: A pilot study in 10 cats     

Elisabetta Giudice  Chiara Crinò  Francesco Macrì  Simona Di Pietro 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2018,45(6):782-787

Objective

To evaluate the effect of limited fluid volume resuscitation (LFVR) administration in cats with severe shock that was unresponsive to initial conventional resuscitation (CR) with isotonic crystalloids.

Study design

Clinical pilot study.

Animals

Ten client-owned cats with non-cardiogenic shock, unresponsive to CR.

Methods

After an initial ineffective CR with isotonic crystalloids (15–20 mL kg^?1 in 15 minutes), LFVR was started. The animals were randomly assigned to one of two treatments: hypertonic saline alone (group HTS) or HTS and hydroxyethyl starch (HES) (group HTS/HES). A first bolus of HTS (2 mL kg^–1) was administered to both groups, immediately followed by HES (2 mL kg^?1) to group HTS/HES over 5–10 minutes and vital signs were re-evaluated. Additional boluses were administered, every 5–10 minutes, until stabilization (vital parameters, such as temperature, heart rate, respiratory frequency, quality of the pulse and sensorium within the physiological ranges). The time until stabilization (minutes), the volume of HTS and colloid administered and the effect of LFVR on vital parameters were determined.

Results

A mean ± standard deviation (range) volume of 3 ± 2 (2–6) mL kg^?1 of hypertonic saline in group HTS and 4 ± 2 (2–6) mL kg^?1 of both hypertonic and colloidal solutions in group HTS/HES was administered. In six cats (60%), a single bolus of HTS alone (group HTS; n = 3/4) or in combination with HES (group HTS/HES; n = 3/6) was sufficient for stabilization. In the remaining four cases (40%), a second bolus was required. Stabilization occurred in 33 ± 13 minutes (15–60 minutes). Of the 10 cats, six had a positive outcome (6–24 months follow-up) and the others died during hospitalization.

Conclusions and clinical relevance

LFVR appears to be an efficacious treatment for feline shock and may be an alternative therapy for cats unresponsive to CR. Larger cross-sectional and prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings.  相似文献   

Detection of protection benefits for predatory fishes depends on census methodology     

Irene Rojo  Alejo J. Irigoyen  Amalia Cuadros  Antonio Calò  José M. Pereñíguez  Ramón Hernández-Andreu  Fabiana C. Félix-Hackradt  Francisca Carreño  Carlos W. Hackradt  José A. García-Charton 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2021,31(7):1670-1685

1. Marine protected areas (MPAs) are used as fisheries management and conservation tools. Well-enforced no-take zones allow the rebuilding of natural populations of exploited species; however, there is still controversy on the role of buffer zones.
2. The effectiveness of MPAs could be underestimated, as fish population assessments depend largely on traditional methodologies that have difficulties in detecting predatory fish because of their low abundances, their patchy distribution, and their reaction to the presence of divers.
3. The performance of different census methods was compared in assessing the protection benefits for large predatory fishes under different protection levels (i.e. no-take and buffer zones) in five Mediterranean MPAs. Specifically, conventional strip transects (CSTs, 50 × 5 m²) and tracked roaming transects combined with distance sampling (TRT + DS, variable lengths) were compared, including a series of TRT-derived estimators with variable transect lengths and fixed widths of 20, 10, and 6 m (TRT20, TRT10, and TRT6, respectively). Additionally, the effectiveness of the MPAs studied and protection levels for conserving large predatory species was evaluated.
4. Transects covering larger areas (i.e. TRT + DS and TRT20) allowed the detection of a greater number of species and yielded more accurate estimates of density and biomass than transects of narrower fixed widths, particularly the CSTs, which were associated with the lowest richness detection capability, accuracy, and precision. On average, both no-take zones and buffer zones appeared effective for the conservation of predatory fishes, indicating that multiple protection areas were ecologically effective. Differences between MPAs were also observed, however, probably arising from both local environmental and management factors.
5. We suggest the implementation of methodologies with larger transects for the study of large predatory fish, combined with CSTs for the rest of the fish community, in order to avoid biases in predatory population assessments, which are key indicators of MPA effectiveness.

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Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) detection in food samples using an electrochemical immunosensor     

Laschi S  Mascini M  Scortichini G  Fránek M  Mascini M 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(7):1816-1822

In this work, a disposable electrochemical immunosensor, based on a competitive assay scheme, was applied to detect polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in food. For this purpose, antibodies against PCBs were directly immobilized onto the carbon surface of a disposable screen-printed electrode. A competition between the PCBs present in the sample and a fixed concentration of an enzyme-labeled PCB was realized and evaluated by electrochemical detection. Alkaline phosphatase was used as the enzyme label, coupled with differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) as the electrochemical technique. The immunosensor was tested on aroclor mixture detection (1242 and 1248) and then on some typologies of food samples to evaluate the possible application for real sample analysis. Samples analyzed were from different matrixes, such as sheep milk, bovine adipose tissue, and bovine muscle. Results obtained were compared with the accredited results according to ISO 17025 methods for PCB detection (HRGC-LRMS) as a confirmatory analysis. Preliminary results show the possibility to use this device as a screening method in food sample analysis. The negligible matrix effect observed may lead to a simplified extraction procedure, and considerable time and consumable savings are the immediate benefits given by the proposed method.  相似文献   

Alternative Methods for the Detection of Emerging Marine Toxins: Biosensors,Biochemical Assays and Cell-Based Assays     

Laia Reverté  Lucía Soli?o  Olga Carnicer  Jorge Diogène  Mònica Campàs 《Marine drugs》2014,12(12):5719-5763

The emergence of marine toxins in water and seafood may have a considerable impact on public health. Although the tendency in Europe is to consolidate, when possible, official reference methods based on instrumental analysis, the development of alternative or complementary methods providing functional or toxicological information may provide advantages in terms of risk identification, but also low cost, simplicity, ease of use and high-throughput analysis. This article gives an overview of the immunoassays, cell-based assays, receptor-binding assays and biosensors that have been developed for the screening and quantification of emerging marine toxins: palytoxins, ciguatoxins, cyclic imines and tetrodotoxins. Their advantages and limitations are discussed, as well as their possible integration in research and monitoring programs.  相似文献   

Investigating Diet as the Source ofTetrodotoxin in Pleurobranchaea maculata     

Serena Khor  Susanna A. Wood  Lauren Salvitti  David I. Taylor  Janet Adamson  Paul McNabb  Stephen Craig Cary 《Marine drugs》2014,12(1):1-16

The origin of tetrodotoxin (TTX) is highly debated; researchers have postulated either an endogenous or exogenous source with the host accumulating TTX symbiotically or via food chain transmission. The aim of this study was to determine whether the grey side-gilled sea slug (Pleurobranchaea maculata) could obtain TTX from a dietary source, and to attempt to identify this source through environmental surveys. Eighteen non-toxic P. maculata were maintained in aquariums and twelve were fed a TTX-containing diet. Three P. maculata were harvested after 1 h, 24 h, 17 days and 39 days and TTX concentrations in their stomach, gonad, mantle and remaining tissue/fluids determined using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Tetrodotoxin was detected in all organs/tissue after 1 h with an average uptake of 32%. This decreased throughout the experiment (21%, 15% and 9%, respectively). Benthic surveys at sites with dense populations of toxic P. maculata detected very low or no TTX in other organisms. This study demonstrates that P. maculata can accumulate TTX through their diet. However, based on the absence of an identifiable TTX source in the environment, in concert with the extremely high TTX concentrations and short life spans of P. maculata, it is unlikely to be the sole TTX source for this species.  相似文献   

Decreased levels of metalloproteinase-9 and angiogenic factors in skin lesions of patients with psoriatic arthritis after therapy with anti-TNF-α     

Paola Cordiali-Fei  Elisabetta Trento  Giovanna D'Agosto  Valentina Bordignon  Anna Mussi  Marco Ardigò  Antonio Mastroianni  Antonella Vento  Francesco Solivetti  Enzo Berardesca  Fabrizio Ensoli 《Journal of Autoimmune Diseases》2006,3(1):5

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Comparison of nutritional and antinutritional traits among different species (Lupinus albus L., Lupinus luteus L., Lupinus angustifolius L.) and varieties of lupin seeds          下载免费PDF全文

N. Musco  M. I. Cutrignelli  S. Calabrò  R. Tudisco  F. Infascelli  R. Grazioli  V. Lo Presti  F. Gresta  B. Chiofalo 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2017,101(6):1227-1241

In order to promote the use of lupin in pig nutrition, in this research the nutritional characteristics (i.e. dietary fibre, alkaloid and fatty acid profile) and the in vitro gas production of 12 lupin varieties grown in the Mediterranean basin and belonging to three lupin species (Lupinus albus, Lupinus angustifolius and Lupinus luteus) were assessed. Four varieties of L. albus (Asfer, Lublanc, Lutteur and Multitalia) were grown in South Campania. Three varieties of L. luteus (Dukat, Mister and Taper), three of L. angustifolius (Jindalee, Sonet and Wonga) and two of L. albus (Rosetta and Luxor) were grown in Eastern Sicily. Lupinus albus varieties showed interesting nutritional and dietetic characteristics (i.e. high protein and low fibre content); the lipid fraction, rather elevated, is well represented by monounsaturated fatty acids (544 g/kg), whereas saturated fatty acids (SFAs) are less represented (167 g/kg) and the n‐3/n‐6 ratio (0.510) is the most favourable. Lupinus luteus varieties presented the most remarkable dietetic aspects, in terms of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content (569 g/kg), n‐6 PUFA series (490 g/kg), UFA/SFA (5.24) and PUFA/SFA (3.56) ratios and atherogenic (0.059) and thrombogenic (0.100) indices and very low alkaloid content (1.07 mg per 100 g). Lupinus angustifolius varieties showed the least interesting nutritional and dietetic characteristics: low protein and fat content, high fibre level, high SFA amount (248 g/kg) and the lowest favourable nutritional indices (IA: 0.164 and IT: 0.334). Regarding the fermentation process, in L. albus, the tendency to increase the rate of gas production during the early stages of fermentation suggests that the high presence of alkaloids did not affect the in vitro degradability, production of short‐chain fatty acids and fermentation process, probably due to their concentration and/or water solubility. Lupinus angustifolius and L. luteus showed intermediate and slightly worse in vitro fermentation patterns respectively. From a nutritional and dietetic point of view, lupin may represent an interesting alternative to soya bean in pig feeding.  相似文献   

Antifungal activity of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Boerhavia diffusa</Emphasis> L. extract against <Emphasis Type="Italic">Phytophthora</Emphasis> spp. in tomato and pepper     

Eva Švecová  Giuseppe Colla  Paola Crinò 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2017,147(1):27-41

A new longidorid nematode, Longidorus persicus n. sp., is described and illustrated from a population extracted from soil associated with wild rose (Rosa sp.) naturally growing in the mountains close to the village of Cheshmeh-e-Nezamei near the city of Gilan-e-Gharb, Kermanshah province, western Iran. The new needle nematode is characterised by a large body size (6550–7763 μm), an anteriorly flattened lip region, ca 13 μm wide, distinctly set off from body contour by a depression, amphidial fovea large, pocket shaped, slightly asymmetrically bilobed, a moderately long and flexible odontostyle ca 86 μm long, stylet guiding ring located at ca 25 μm from anterior end, posterior arrangement of the pharyngeal gland nuclei, vulva almost equatorial (49–54 %), tail short, about 3/4 of its width, dorsally convex-conoid, with rounded terminus, with a c’ ratio ca 1.3, bearing three pairs of caudal pores and male rare (ratio 1:10 females) with spicules ca 46 μm long. Integrative diagnosis was completed with molecular data obtained using D2-D3 expansion segments of 28S rDNA, ITS1-rDNA, and partial 18S-rDNA. The phylogenetic relationships of this species with other Longidorus spp. using D2-D3 expansion segments and partial 18S-rDNA indicated that L. persicus n. sp. clustered together with L. perangustus and L. euonymus: both of them sharing an anteriorly flattened lip region and distinctly set off from body contour by a depression.  相似文献   

An infectious cDNA clone of a radish-infecting <Emphasis Type="Italic">Turnip mosaic virus</Emphasis> strain     

Silvia López-González  Verónica Aragonés  José-Antonio Daròs  Flora Sánchez  Fernando Ponz 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2017,148(1):207-211

Turnip Mosaic Virus (TuMV) is an economically important potyvirus for which hundreds of hosts have been reported, thus making it a rather exceptional case in the genus. Several viral infectious clones have been generated over the years, which have been useful in deciphering the viral elements involved in the interactions of this virus with the host plant, such as different forms of resistance, gene silencing suppression, host range or host developmental alterations. However, all infectious clones obtained so far correspond to viral isolates within the same phylogenetic cluster, a circumstance biasing our understanding of the peculiarities of this potyvirus. In particular, members of one viral cluster of radish-infecting isolates have been especially reluctant to be copied into infectious clones. This paper reports the construction of an infectious clone of the TuMV isolate JPN 1, belonging to this cluster. The infectious clone maintains all the distinctive biological properties previously described for this viral isolate. The availability of this infectious clone opens the door to many additional studies on the virus, which should allow a deeper understanding of the differential responses to different strains of TuMV in several different hosts.  相似文献   

Genetic diversity and changes in phenolic contents and antiradical activity of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Vaccinium myrtillus</Emphasis> berries from its southernmost growing area in Italy     

Edgardo Giordani  Stefano Biricolti  Claudia Ancillotti  William Antonio Petrucci  Massimo Gori  Elisa Calistri  Serena Orlandini  Sandra Furlanetto  Massimo Del Bubba 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2018,65(4):1173-1186

In this study, we evaluated by the RAPD technique the genetic diversity of 42 individual Vaccinium myrtillus L. plant samples, collected from different locations of Tuscan Apennines (Italy), which represent the southernmost growing latitude of this plant. Total polyphenols, total anthocyanins and radical scavenging activity were also determined in two successive harvesting years on bilberry samples obtained from the same individuals characterized by molecular analysis. The RAPD analysis indicated a highly prevalent gamic propagation of bilberry in the investigated area, and, in accordance with genetic findings elsewhere reported for populations of Central and Northern Europe, suggested the presence, from North-to-South Europe, of a clonal-to-gamic genetic gradient of the propagation strategy. In the context of a quite homogeneous panorama of biochemical data, significant variations were occasionally evidenced by comparing closely-located individuals. We tentatively attributed such variations mainly to genetics, due to the very close location of biomes exhibiting different biochemical attributes. However, molecular clustering by RAPD did not show any relationship with biochemical diversity. Strong variations of climatic conditions were probable responsible of the remarkable variability of the investigated biochemical parameters in the two harvesting years.  相似文献