In vitro effects and in vivo efficacy of a novel cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor in cats with lipopolysaccharide-induced pyrexia     

McCann ME  Rickes EL  Hora DF  Cunningham PK  Zhang D  Brideau C  Black WC  Hickey GJ 《American journal of veterinary research》2005,66(7):1278-1284

OBJECTIVE: To determine cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 selectivity, pharmacokinetic properties, and in vivo efficacy of firocoxib (ML-1,785,713) in cats. ANIMALS: 5 healthy male and 14 healthy female domestic shorthair cats. PROCEDURE: Selectivity of firocoxib for inhibiting COX-2 was determined by comparing the potency for inhibiting COX-1 with that of COX-2 in feline blood. Pharmacokinetic properties were determined after i.v. (2 mg/kg) and oral (3 mg/kg) administration in male cats. In vivo efficacy was evaluated in female cats with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pyrexia with administration of firocoxib 1 or 14 hours before LPS challenge. RESULTS: Blood concentrations resulting in 50% inhibition of COX-1 and COX-2 activity in vitro were 75 +/- 2 microM and 0.13 +/- 0.03 microM, respectively, and selectivity for inhibiting COX-2 relative to COX-1 was 58. Firocoxib had moderate to high oral bioavailability (54% to 70%), low plasma clearance (4.7 to 5.8 mL/min/kg), and an elimination half-life of 8.7 to 12.2 hours. Firocoxib at doses from 0.75 to 3 mg/kg was efficacious in attenuating fever when administered to cats 1 or 14 hours before LPS challenge. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Firocoxib is a potent COX-2 inhibitor and is the only selective COX-2 inhibitor described for use in cats to date. It is effective in attenuating febrile responses in cats when administered 14 hours before LPS challenge, suggesting it would be suitable for once-a-day dosing. Because selective COX-2 inhibitors have an improved therapeutic index relative to nonselective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in humans, firocoxib has the potential to be a safe, effective anti-inflammatory agent for cats.  相似文献   

TEMPERATURE CHANGES IN CATS ANAESTHETISED WITH ORAL PENTOBARBITONE SODIUM FOR OVAROHYSTERECTOMY     

A.C. Stead B.V.M.S.  M.R.C.V.S.  Margaret C.P. Stead B.V.M.S.  M.R.C.V.S. 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》1972,3(1):75-79

Rectal temperature recordings were kept for 27 cats undergoing ovarohysterectomy, while anaesthetised with oral pentobarbitone sodium**. Steep falls in the temperature of the body occurred initially, producing a marked hypothermia. Subsequently, there was a more gradual rise in body temperature to normal or pyrexic levels.  相似文献   

Effects of external stimulation on the onset of lung ventilation and the time of hatching in the fowl,duck and goose     

Margaret A. Vince 《British poultry science》1973,14(4):389-401

Effects of naturally occurring and artificial stimulation on foetal development and the time of hatching were investigated in the fowl, duck and goose.

With respect to natural stimulation, it was shown in the fowl, that the time of hatching is advanced by contact with an egg given 24 h more incubation. Also in the fowl, it was found that contact with other eggs given the same amount of incubation reduces the spread of hatching, although without affecting the mean hatching time. In the Khaki Campbell duck, however, eggs kept in contact hatched earlier than isolates, as well as hatching within a shorter period of time.

The artificial stimulation used was that known to have an accelerating effect in the quail, and the developmental stage of the foetus was assessed by recording pressure changes within the air space of the egg, a method which reveals the time of onset of lung ventilation. When eggs were stimulated artificially it was found in the fowl, duck and goose that the stimulated eggs not only hatched earlier, but began to breathe earlier than did their unstimulated controls. In all three species also, the duration of breathing was shorter in the stimulated than in the unstimulated foetuses.  相似文献   

A STUDY TO EVALUATE SINGLE PORT, CENTRAL AXIS DOSIMETRY AND VERIFICATION TECHNIQUES FOR VETERINARY RADIOTHERAPY, USING THE CANINE NASAL CAVITY AS A MODEL TARGET     

Michael  Walker  DVM  Russell  Durrer  MS  Vicki  Weir  ARRT  Margaret  Slater  DVM  PhD  Jim  MCPherson  Charles  Ray  Jr  Keith  Carsten 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1994,35(3):210-216

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Antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella isolated from finishing swine and the environment of 60 Alberta swine farms   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

Rajić A  McFall ME  Deckert AE  Reid-Smith R  Manninen K  Poppe C  Dewey CE  McEwen SA 《Veterinary microbiology》2004,104(3-4):189-196

The study objective was to describe and evaluate antimicrobial resistance profiles in Salmonella isolated from Alberta swine finishing farms. Salmonella isolates (n = 322) were obtained from 192 fecal and 84 environmental samples of the 60 Salmonella-positive swine finishing farms. Isolates were classified susceptible, intermediate or resistant based on NCCLS guidelines. More than half of the isolates (53.4%) were susceptible to all of the 18 antimicrobials in the testing panel. No resistance was observed to amikacin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, cefoxitin, ceftiofur, ceftriaxone, cephalothin, ciprofloxacin, imipenem or nalidixic acid. Less than 1% of isolates were resistant to apramycin, gentamicin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Higher frequencies of resistance were observed for chloramphenicol (4.7%), ampicillin (7.8%), kanamycin (11.8%), sulfamethoxazole (21.1%), streptomycin (25.5%) and tetracycline (38.8%). Eleven Salmonella serovars had isolates with resistance to > or =3 antimicrobials. The most frequently resistant serovar was Salmonella Derby, with 27 (38.0%) isolates resistant to > or =3 antimicrobials, including resistance to five and six antimicrobials. An absence of resistance to cephalosporins and fluoroquniolones and a low proportion of isolates resistant to amikacin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, apramycin, gentamicin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole are encouraging findings from public health and animal health perspectives. Frequent resistance observed for ampicillin, kanamycin, sulfamethoxazole, streptomycin and tetracycline, antimicrobials commonly used in veterinary medicine for decades, indicates an urgent need to utilize these antimicrobials more prudently if their benefits are to be preserved.  相似文献   

Postoperative assessment of surgical clip position in 16 dogs with cancer: a pilot study     

McEntee MC  Samii VF  Walsh P  Hornof WJ 《Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association》2004,40(4):300-308

Metallic hemoclips or surgical staples were inserted in 16 tumor-bearing dogs at the time of surgical resection of the tumor. Orthogonal radiographs were taken immediately postoperatively and after wound healing to visualize the location and number of hemoclips or metallic staples. A shift in hemoclip/staple position was identified in nine dogs, mainly from positioning during radiography. In three dogs, an absolute shift in marker position was identified. Based on this study, it appears that the placement of surgical clips is potentially useful in identifying the tumor bed, which may be of benefit in establishing radiation treatment fields.  相似文献   

Diet modulates proteinuria in heterozygous female dogs with X-linked hereditary nephropathy     

Burkholder WJ  Lees GE  LeBlanc AK  Slater MR  Bauer JE  Kashtan CE  McCracken BA  Hannah SS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2004,18(2):165-175

Young adult heterozygous (carrier) female dogs with X-linked hereditary nephropathy (XLHN) have glomerular proteinuria but are otherwise healthy. Because data regarding dietary influences on the magnitude of proteinuria in dogs with spontaneous glomerular disease are not available, 12 such dogs were studied in a double crossover experiment intended to determine effects of altering dietary protein intake for up to 6 weeks. Dogs were blocked by urine protein : creatinine ratio (UPC) and randomly assigned to receive 2 diets: high protein (34.6% dry matter [DM], HP) or low protein (14.1% DM, LP) fed in HP-LP-HP or LP-HP-LP sequence. Food intake was measured daily, body weight (BW) was measured twice weekly, and UPC, plasma creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, phosphorus, albumin, and protein concentrations were measured at 2-week intervals. Nutrient digestibility was measured during the third treatment period. Diet had a significant effect (P < .0001) on all measured variables except plasma phosphorus (P > .5), but unintended differences in digestibility of protein and energy (P < or = .01) prevented assignment of the diet effect exclusively to protein. Proteinuria was greater (UPC 4.7 +/- 2.2 versus 1.8 +/- 1.1, P < .0001) when the HP diet was fed, but the LP diet did not maintain starting BW or plasma albumin concentration within the normal reference range. Diet greatly affects the magnitude of proteinuria in XLHN carrier females. Dietary protein restriction can reduce proteinuria in dogs with glomerular disease, but BW and blood protein concentrations may not be maintained if the restriction is too severe.  相似文献   

In vitro effects and in vivo efficacy of a novel cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor in dogs with experimentally induced synovitis     

McCann ME  Andersen DR  Zhang D  Brideau C  Black WC  Hanson PD  Hickey GJ 《American journal of veterinary research》2004,65(4):503-512

OBJECTIVE: To determine cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) selectivity, pharmacokinetic properties, and in vivo efficacy of ML-1,785,713 in dogs. ANIMALS: 21 healthy male and female mixed-breed dogs and 24 healthy male Beagles. PROCEDURE: Selectivity of ML-1,785,713 for inhibiting COX-2 was determined by comparing the potency for inhibiting cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) with that of COX-2 in canine blood. Pharmacokinetic properties were determined after i.v. (2 mg/kg) and oral (8 mg/kg) administration in female mixed-breed dogs. In vivo efficacy was evaluated in male mixed-breed dogs with urate crystal-induced synovitis. Prophylactic efficacy was evaluated by administering ML-1,785,713 two hours before induction of synovitis whereas therapeutic efficacy was determined by administering ML-1,785,713 one hour after induction of synovitis. RESULTS: Blood concentrations that resulted in 50% inhibition of COX-1 and COX-2 activity in vitro were 119.1 microM and 0.31 microM, respectively, and selectivity ratio for inhibiting COX-2 relative to COX-1 was 384. ML-1,785,713 had high oral bioavailability (101%), low systemic clearance (77 mL/min/kg), and an elimination half-life of 5.9 hours. ML-1,785,713 was efficacious when administered prophylactically and therapeutically to dogs with urate crystal-induced synovitis. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: ML-1,785,713 is a novel, potent COX-2 inhibitor that is the most selective COX-2 inhibitor described for use in dogs to date. ML-1,785,713 has oral bioavailability and low systemic clearance that is comparable to other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. It is effective after prophylactic and therapeutic administration in attenuating lameness in dogs with urate crystal-induced synovitis. Drugs that specifically inhibit COX-2 and not COX-1 at therapeutic doses may have an improved tolerability profile, compared with nonselective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.  相似文献   

Evaluation of an outbreak of West Nile virus infection in horses: 569 cases (2002)     

Schuler LA  Khaitsa ML  Dyer NW  Stoltenow CL 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2004,225(7):1084-1089

OBJECTIVE: To characterize an outbreak of West Nile virus (WNV) infection in horses in North Dakota in 2002, evaluate vaccine effectiveness, and determine horse characteristics and clinical signs associated with infection. DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: 569 horses. PROCEDURE: Data were obtained from veterinary laboratory records, and a questionnaire was mailed to veterinarians of affected horses. RESULTS: Affected horses were defined as horses with typical clinical signs and seroconversion or positive results of virus isolation; affected horses were detected in 52 of the 53 counties and concentrated in the eastern and northeastern regions of the state. Among affected horses, 27% (n = 152) were vaccinated against WNV, 54% (309) were not, and 19% (108) had unknown vaccination status; 61 % (345) recovered, 22% (126) died, and 17% (98) had unknown outcome. The odds of death among nonvaccinated horses were 3 and 16 times the odds among horses that received only 1 or 2 doses of vaccine and horses that were vaccinated according to manufacturer's recommendations, respectively. Horses with recumbency, caudal paresis, and age > 5 years had higher odds of death, whereas horses with incoordination had lower odds of death, compared with affected horses without these characteristics. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Vaccination appears to have beneficial effects regarding infection and death caused by WNV.  相似文献   

Understanding issues and solutions for unowned, free-roaming cat populations     

Slater MR 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2004,225(9):1350-1354

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