Comparative transcriptome analysis of different nitrogen responses in low-nitrogen sensitive and tolerant maize genotypes          下载免费PDF全文

Qing-guo DU  Juan YANG  Shah SYED MUHAMMAD SADIQ  Rong-xin YANG  Jing-juan YU  Wen-xue LI 《农业科学学报》2021,20(8):2043-2055

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Groundwater governance through electricity supply management: Assessing an innovative intervention in Gujarat, western India   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Tushaar Shah  Sonal Bhatt  Jayesh Talati 《Agricultural Water Management》2008,95(11):1233-1242

Gujarat, a rapidly industrializing state in western India, is notorious for groundwater over-exploitation. A perverse link between energy subsidies and groundwater overdraft has left the state with a bankrupt electricity utility and depleted aquifers, especially since the late 1980s. Moreover, this perverse relationship has meant that groundwater irrigators have essentially held Gujarat's non-farm rural economy to ransom. Efforts to regulate groundwater overdraft since the early 1970s have been unsuccessful, as have attempts to charge a rational electricity tariff to groundwater irrigators. During 2003-2006, drawing upon a proposal outlined by researchers, the government launched the Jyotigram (lighted village) scheme, which invested US$ 290 million to separate agricultural electricity feeders from non-agricultural ones, and established a tight regimen for farm power rationing in the countryside. By 2006, Gujarat covered almost all of its 18,000 villages under the Jyotigram scheme of rationalized power supply. With this, two major changes have occurred: (a) villages receive 24 h three-phase power supply for domestic uses, in schools, hospitals, village industries, all subject to metered tariff; (b) tubewell owners receive 8 h/day of power of full voltage and on a pre-announced schedule. The Jyotigram scheme has radically improved the quality of village life, spurred non-farm economic enterprises, halved the power subsidy to agriculture, and reduced groundwater overdraft. It has also produced positive and negative impacts on medium and large farmers, while notably harming marginal farmers and the landless, who depend for their access to irrigation on water markets which have become much smaller, post-Jyotigram. In addition, the water prices charged by tubewell owners have increased by 30-50%. We propose that the Jyotigram scheme, with some refinements, can be implemented successfully in other regions of South Asia facing similar challenges of groundwater governance.  相似文献   

Optimizing nursery diets for post-metamorphic stage black sea bass: Growth performance,body composition,and feed utilization on open-formulated and commercial starter diets     

Md Shah Alam  Wade O. Watanabe  Patrick M. Carroll  Jennifer E. Gabel 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2023,54(1):113-130

The objective of this study was to optimize nursery diets for post-metamorphic stage black sea bass by evaluating growth performance, whole-body proximate and fatty acid composition, and utilization of University of North Carolina Wilmington (UNCW)-formulated and commercial diets under laboratory conditions. A feeding trial was conducted to compare two UNCW-formulated diets (D1 and D2) for black sea bass (54% crude protein = CP and 14% crude lipid = CL) and two premium, commercial marine finfish fry diets, Otohime (Reed Mariculture Inc., Campbell, CA, CP = 48% and CL = 14%, CD3) and Gemma Diamond (Skretting, Nutreco, Canada, CP = 57%, CL = 15%, CD4). The UNCW-formulated diet 1 (D1) contained high fish meal (FM, 40% of diet), whereas UNCW-formulated diet 2 (D2) replaced 50% FM protein by high-quality poultry by-product meal (PBM) protein. Post-metamorphic stage black sea bass (~0.60 g, d40ph) were stocked in each of sixteen 75-L tanks at a density of 1 fish per L (75 per tank), with four replicate aquaria per treatment. Fish were fed four times per day (0800, 1100, 1400, and 1600 h) to apparent satiation for 30 days. Final body weight (5.70–5.74), specific growth rate (7.40–7.45%/d), and percent body weight gain (834–848%) of fish fed the UNCW-formulated D1 (FM-based) and D2 (FM + PBM-based) were higher (p < .05) than in fish fed the commercial diets CD3 and CD4 (4.66–5.21 g, 6.80–7.15%/d, and 668–756%, respectively). Feed intake (% body weight/d was significantly lower for fish fed commercial diet (CD4) (3.94) compared with fish fed CD3 (4.20), but feed intake for CD3 was not significantly different compared with the UNCW-formulated diets D1 and D2 (4.10–4.12). Feed conversion ratios (0.76–0.82) were significantly higher for fish fed CD3 (0.82) than for fish fed D1 and CD4 (0.76). Survival was high (99–100%) in all diet treatments. Final whole-body crude protein content (15.2 to 15.9% wet basis), moisture (68.9–69.6%), and ash (4.31–4.77%) showed no significant differences; however, whole-body crude lipid was lower in fish fed CD3 (9.67%) than in fish fed the other diets (9.96–10.22%). Final whole-body fatty acid composition reflected the diet composition. Higher feed consumption and growth of fish fed the UNCW-formulated diets were attributed to a more optimal combination of marine (fish, squid, and krill meals), terrestrial plant (soybean meal) protein sources, and the addition of chemo-attractants, which provided both higher nutritional quality and palatability. The study suggests that the species-specific starter diets may improve growth performance and fingerling quality and may therefore lower production costs under intensive nursery conditions.  相似文献   

Comparisons of RFLP and PCR-based markers to detect polymorphism between wheat cultivars   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Mohammad Maroof Shah  Yang Yen  Kulvinder S. Gill  P. Stephen Baenziger 《Euphytica》2000,114(2):135-142

Previously chromosome 3A of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was reported to carry genes influencing yield, yield components, plant height, and anthesis date. The objective of current study was to survey various molecular marker systems for their ability to detect polymorphism between wheat cultivars Cheyenne(CNN) and Wichita (WI), particularly for chromosome3A. Seventy-seven `sequence tagged site' (STS), 10simple sequence repeat (SSR), 40 randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers, and 52 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) probes for wheat homoeologous group 3 chromosomes, were investigated. Three (3.9%) STS-PCR primer sets amplified polymorphic fragments for the two cultivars, of which one was polymorphic for chromosome 3A. Sixty percent of SSR markers detected polymorphism between CNN and WI of which 50% were polymorphic for chromosome 3A. Twenty percent of RAPD markers detected polymorphism between CNN and WI in general, but none of these detected polymorphism for chromosome 3A. Of the fifty-two RFLP probes, 78.8% detected polymorphism between CNN and WI for group 3 chromosomes with one or more of seven restriction enzymes and 42% of the polymorphic fragements were for chromosome 3A. These high levels of RFLP and SSR polymorphisms between two related wheat cultivars could be used to map and tag genes influencing important agronomic traits. It may also be important to reconsider RFLP as the most suitable marker system at least for anchor maps of closely related wheat cultivars. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Therapeutic Potential and Nutraceutical Profiling of North Bornean Seaweeds: A Review     

Muhammad Dawood Shah  Balu Alagar Venmathi Maran  Sitti Raehanah Muhamad Shaleh  Wahidatul Husna Zuldin  Charles Gnanaraj  Yoong Soon Yong 《Marine drugs》2022,20(2)

Malaysia has a long coastline surrounded by various islands, including North Borneo, that provide a suitable environment for the growth of diverse species of seaweeds. Some of the important North Bornean seaweed species are Kappaphycus alvarezii, Eucheuma denticulatum, Halymenia durvillaei (Rhodophyta), Caulerpa lentillifera, Caulerpa racemosa (Chlorophyta), Dictyota dichotoma and Sargassum polycystum (Ochrophyta). This review aims to highlight the therapeutic potential of North Bornean seaweeds and their nutraceutical profiling. North Bornean seaweeds have demonstrated anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, cardiovascular protective, neuroprotective, renal protective and hepatic protective potentials. The protective roles of the seaweeds might be due to the presence of a wide variety of nutraceuticals, including phthalic anhydride, 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene, 2-pentylthiophene, furoic acid (K. alvarezii), eicosapentaenoic acid, palmitoleic acid, fucoxanthin, β-carotene (E. denticulatum), eucalyptol, oleic acid, dodecanal, pentadecane (H. durvillaei), canthaxanthin, oleic acid, pentadecanoic acid, eicosane (C. lentillifera), pseudoephedrine, palmitic acid, monocaprin (C. racemosa), dictyohydroperoxide, squalene, fucosterol, saringosterol (D. dichotoma), and lutein, neophytadiene, cholest-4-en-3-one and cis-vaccenic acid (S. polycystum). Extensive studies on the seaweed isolates are highly recommended to understand their bioactivity and mechanisms of action, while highlighting their commercialization potential.  相似文献   

Renal clearance of endogenous creatinine and urea in sheep during summer and winter     

M Nawaz  B H Shah 《Research in veterinary science》1984,36(2):220-224

Simultaneous measurement of the renal clearance of endogenous creatinine and exogenous inulin in eight sheep showed similar mean +/- SD (n = 32) values of 13.8 +/- 1.3 and 13.2 +/- 2.0 ml min-1 (10 kg)-1 bodyweight respectively. These results demonstrate that the renal clearance of endogenous creatinine is a satisfactory measure of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in sheep. The plasma concentrations of endogenous creatinine and urea were significantly higher because of haemoconcentration during summer, resulting in lower GFR than in winter. Besides glomerular filtration and back diffusion, the renal handling of urea in sheep seems to involve mechanisms analogous to active tubular secretion.  相似文献   

Stephanofilarial dermatitis in India     

M C Agrawal  H L Shah 《Veterinary research communications》1984,8(2):93-102

Four species of Stephanofilaria have been reported from India causing various forms of dermatitis in cattle, buffalo, goat and elephant. However, additional work is needed to establish their identity as separate species. The lesions appear to flare up following reinfection, while the application of a petroleum jelly alone reduces them. In vitro tests have shown organophosphorous compounds to possess stephanofilaricidal action in addition to their insecticidal activity. Aspects where further work is needed are indicated.  相似文献   

Effect of feeding different levels of discarded date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) on digestibility,milk yield,and composition in Damani sheep     

Iqbal  Naveed  Khan  Muhammad Tahir  Amanullah  Haq  Din  Israru  Khan  Hamayun  Shah  Muqader  Mushtaq  Muhammad 《Tropical animal health and production》2019,51(8):2181-2186

Tropical Animal Health and Production - Poor quality feed and lack of feed resource conservation in Pakistan are the major constraints influencing livestock production systems in the country. In...  相似文献   

Rumen parameters of yaks (Bos grunniens) and indigenous cattle (Bos taurus) grazing on the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau     

Fuyu Shi  Hucheng Wang  Abraham Allan Degen  Jianwei Zhou  Na Guo  Shah Mudassar  Ruijun Long 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2019,103(4):969-976

Yaks and indigenous Qaidam cattle and cattle‐yak crosses (C × Y) graze on the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau (QTP) throughout the year, but yaks are raised at higher elevations than cattle. Yaks do not receive supplementary feed whereas cattle require supplementary feed during harsh winter. We hypothesized that yaks would cope with the severe conditions of the QTP better than cattle and utilize the pasture more efficiently. We also hypothesized that differences between species would be pronounced in winter, when conditions are particularly harsh. To test these hypotheses, seasonal rumen fluid parameters of yaks, C × Y and cattle (n = 3 for each) were examined. Rumen fluid was collected in summer and winter from each genotype 2, 5 and 12 hr after a day of grazing. Concentrations of total volatile fatty acid (VFA), acetate, propionate, isobutyrate and isovalerate were greater in yaks than in cattle in summer (p < 0.05), while propionate concentration was lower in yaks than in cattle in winter (p < 0.05). Concentrations of ammonia and urea were greater (p < 0.001) in yaks than in cattle (p < 0.001) in summer, whereas, concentrations of free amino acids (AA) were greater in cattle than in yaks in summer and winter (p < 0.001). Concentrations of total VFA, acetate, propionate and butyrate decreased linearly (p < 0.05), whereas concentrations of isobutyrate and isovalerate increased linearly for yak and C × Y with sampling time (p < 0.05) in summer. In summer, concentrations of isobutyrate and isovalerate were greater in yaks than in cattle (p < 0.05). In conclusion, rumen fermentation characteristics of yaks showed that they coped better than cattle or C × Y in the harsh climate as we hypothesized. However, in contrast to our hypothesis, this emerged only in summer, when pasture was plentiful and not in winter, when pasture was scarce.  相似文献   

Biological effects of indigenous medicinal plants Curcuma longa and Alpinia galanga   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Khattak S  Saeed-ur-Rehman  Ullah Shah H  Ahmad W  Ahmad M 《Fitoterapia》2005,76(2):254-257

The ethanolic extracts of Curcuma longa and Alpinia galanga exhibited excellent (100%) phytotoxic activity against Lemma minor. These extracts were also found to possess good antifungal activities against Trichophyton longifusus (65% and 60%, respectively), while in the brine shrimp lethality bioassay were found to be toxic with LD50 of 33 and 109 mincrog/ml, respectively. These extracts were found quite inert in antibacterial bioassay, while the extract from C. longa, tested for insecticidal activity, was also found to be devoid of any activity.  相似文献