Vacuolar hepatopathy in dogs: 336 cases (1993-2005)     

Sepesy LM  Center SA  Randolph JF  Warner KL  Erb HN 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2006,229(2):246-252

OBJECTIVE: To determine disorders associated with vacuolar hepatopathy (VH), morphologic hepatic and clinicopathologic abnormalities, and affiliation with steroidogenic hormone excess in dogs. DESIGN: Retrospective case series. Animals-336 dogs with histologically confirmed moderate or severe VH. PROCEDURES: Information on signalment, results of diagnostic testing, definitive diagnoses, and exposure to glucocorticoids (ie, exogenous glucocorticoid administration or high endogenous concentrations of steroidogenic hormones) was obtained from medical records. Dogs were grouped by underlying disorder, glucocorticoid exposure, acinar zonal distribution of lesions, and histologic severity. RESULTS: 12 disease groups (neoplastic, acquired hepatobiliary, neurologic, immune-mediated, gastrointestinal tract, renal, infectious, cardiac disease, diabetes mellitus, portosystemic vascular anomaly, adrenal gland dysfunction, and miscellaneous disorders) were identified. There were 186 (55%) dogs with and 150 (45%) dogs without evidence of glucocorticoid exposure. Acinar zonal distribution of hepatic vacuolation and clinicopathologic values did not differ between dogs with and without evidence of glucocorticoid exposure. However, a 3-fold increased likelihood of severe VH was associated with steroidogenic hormone exposure. Of 226 dogs with high serum alkaline phosphatase activity, 102 (45%) had no evidence of glucocorticoid exposure. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that neoplasia and congenital or acquired hepatobiliary disease are common in dogs with VH and provide support for the suggestion that VH, high alkaline phosphatase activity, and illness-invoked physiologic stress may be associated. Histologic confirmation of VH should initiate a diagnostic search for a primary disease if glucocorticoid treatment and hyperadrenocorticism are ruled out.  相似文献   

An Asian ambrosia beetle Euwallacea fornicatus and its novel symbiotic fungus Fusarium sp. pose a serious threat to the Israeli avocado industry     

Z. Mendel  A. Protasov  M. Sharon  A. Zveibil  S. Ben Yehuda  K. O’Donnell  R. Rabaglia  M. Wysoki  S. Freeman 《Phytoparasitica》2012,40(3):235-238

The ambrosia beetle, Euwallacea fornicatus Eichhoff, was first recorded in Israel in 2009. The symbiotic fungus Fusarium sp., carried in mycacangia located in the anterior region of the female head, is responsible for the typical wilt symptoms inflicted on avocado (Persea americana Miller) trees. The beetle?Cfungus complex has become a serious threat to the future of the avocado industry in Israel.  相似文献   

Comparative analysis of Australian and Canadian barleys for seed dormancy and malting quality     

Xiao-Qi Zhang  Sharon Westcott  Joe Panozzo  Mehmet Cakir  Stefan Harasymow  Allen Tarr  Sue Broughton  Reg Lance  Chengdao Li 《Euphytica》2012,188(1):103-111

The association between high malting quality and pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) susceptibility is a key challenge when developing new malting barley varieties. A new malting barley variety Baudin has successfully combined high malting quality and PHS tolerance. A doubled haploid population was developed for mapping PHS tolerance and seed dormancy from a cross of Baudin?×?AC Metcalfe using 233 molecular markers. Three QTLs were mapped for seed dormancy based on the standard germination test at 24, 48 and 72?h. One major QTL was mapped to the long arm of chromosome 5H controlling seed dormancy and PHS tolerance from Baudin. Two other minor QTLs were identified from Baudin on chromosomes 3 and 7H. QTL/QTL interaction was detected for seed dormancy between chromosomes 3 and 5H. The PHS tolerance allele of the 5H QTL from Baudin contributes to higher malt yield without significant impact on diastatic power, beta-glucan content and wort viscosity. QTL from Baudin provide new sources to integrate PHS tolerance and high malting quality.  相似文献   

How the cucumber tendril coils and overwinds     

SJ Gerbode  JR Puzey  AG McCormick  L Mahadevan 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,337(6098):1087-1091

The helical coiling of plant tendrils has fascinated scientists for centuries, yet the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Moreover, despite Darwin's widely accepted interpretation of coiled tendrils as soft springs, their mechanical behavior remains unknown. Our experiments on cucumber tendrils demonstrate that tendril coiling occurs via asymmetric contraction of an internal fiber ribbon of specialized cells. Under tension, both extracted fiber ribbons and old tendrils exhibit twistless overwinding rather than unwinding, with an initially soft response followed by strong strain-stiffening at large extensions. We explain this behavior using physical models of prestrained rubber strips, geometric arguments, and mathematical models of elastic filaments. Collectively, our study illuminates the origin of tendril coiling, quantifies Darwin's original proposal, and suggests designs for biomimetic twistless springs with tunable mechanical responses.  相似文献   

Materials science. Swell approaches for changing polymer shapes     

Sharon E 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,335(6073):1179-1180

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Musculoskeletal Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection in horses: 35 cases (1999-2009)     

N Nogradi  SJ Spier  B Toth  B Vaughan 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2012,241(6):771-777

Objective-To describe the clinical course and outcome in horses in which Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infections were associated with musculoskeletal disease and lameness. Design-Retrospective case series. Animals-35 horses. Procedures-Clinical and clinicopathologic data were collected from horses diagnosed with lameness associated with C pseudotuberculosis infection between 1999 and 2009. Results-32 (91.4%) horses had grade 4/5 lameness. Three (8.6%) horses had grade 5/5 lameness. Abscesses were diagnosed by clinical or ultrasonographic examination. Abscesses were located in the axillary or triceps region in 25 (71.4%) horses, the stifle region in 2 (5.7%), and the popliteal lymph node in 1 (2.9%). Diffuse lymphangitis was seen in 4 (11.4%) horses, osteomyelitis in 2 (5.7%) horses, and septic arthritis in 2 (5.7%) horses. Horses commonly had clinicopathologic abnormalities characterized by neutrophilia (96.4%), anemia (67.8%), hypoalbuminemia (66.6%), or hyperfibrinogenemia (42.8%). Treatment included surgical drainage of the abscess in 21 (60%) horses, performed under ultrasonography in 20 horses; anti-inflammatory medications in 34 (97.1 %) horses; and antimicrobials in 30 (85.7%) horses. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-C pseudotuberculosis infection of the limbs in horses typically results in severe lameness but may have a favorable prognosis. The diagnosis may be challenging, and results of blood work consistent with inflammation are nonspecific, but anemia, hyperglobulinemia, and increased synergistic hemolysis inhibition titers are common. Ultrasonography may localize the lesions and facilitate surgical drainage to alleviate lameness. When C pseudotuberculosis musculoskeletal infection results in osteomyelitis or septic arthritis, the prognosis for survival is poor.  相似文献   

Benefits of dental radiography     

S Hoffman 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2012,241(1):42

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Early Reherniation of Disk Material in Eleven Dogs with Surgically Treated Thoracolumbar Intervertebral Disk Extrusion     

Bianca F. Hettlich Dr medvet  Diplomate ACVS  Sharon C. Kerwin DVM  Diplomate ACVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2012,41(2):215-220

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Orthopedic examination in the cat: clinical tips for ruling in/out common musculoskeletal disease     

Kerwin S 《Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery》2012,14(1):6-12

PATIENT GROUP: The majority of cats will develop radiographic evidence of degenerative joint disease by the time they are 12 years of age, and many will suffer from a decline in quality of life associated with undiagnosed and untreated orthopedic disease. PRACTICAL RELEVANCE: A focused, efficient orthopedic examination, including gait observation and palpation (awake and under sedation), supplemented with appropriate history, is key in ruling in, or out, clinically important musculoskeletal disease. Identifying problems assists in both developing a diagnostic plan and monitoring response to treatment. CLINICAL CHALLENGES: Many clinicians feel uncomfortable in their ability to reliably perform an orthopedic examination in the cat, and diagnosis and evaluation of response to treatment in cats with orthopedic disease can be challenging. Hands-on training in feline orthopedic examination is limited in many veterinary curricula. Additional constraints may include failure to obtain important information in the history that indicates feline orthopedic disease, lack of appropriate facilities in which to conduct a complete orthopedic examination, and inability to obtain the most important information during the time available to conduct the examination. These problems can create gaps in the practitioner's ability to provide excellent care for a large proportion of the feline population. GOALS: The above challenges can mostly be overcome with advanced planning and with consideration of the unique behavioral aspects related to feline handling. As discussed in this review, the aim of the initial orthopedic examination is to localize the problem to a specific limb, ideally to a region or joint of the limb, which can further direct diagnostics such as radiography or arthrocentesis. This should provide a basis for follow-up and assessment of whether treatment strategies are effective.  相似文献   

Impact of diet on development of bronchial-associated immunity in the neonatal piglet     

Shannon C. Thorum  Sarah S. Comstock  Shelly N. Hester  Jill M. Shunk  Marcia H. Monaco  Sharon M. Donovan 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2013,151(1-2):63-72

Bronchial-associated immune development is critically important to protect neonates from respiratory infections. Herein, bronchial-associated immune development in formula-fed and sow-reared pigs is described. Colostrum-fed newborn piglets were fed medicated sow milk replacer formula beginning at 48 h of life or remained with the sow. Blood and tissues were sampled at one-week (d7) and three-weeks (d21) of age. Lymphocyte subpopulations, including T helper 2, cytotoxic T, memory T, and NK cells, in peripheral blood, mediastinal lymph nodes, and thoracic lymph nodes were identified using flow cytometry. Additionally, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, TNFα, TGF-β1, TGF-β2, IFNα, IFNβ, and dectin gene expression were analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR. Total IgG, IgM, and IgA concentrations in serum were analyzed. Dietary and developmental effects were observed. This set of baseline measurements provides a framework for future respiratory challenge studies where the effects of diet on the neonate's ability to resist and/or recover from infection can be tested.  相似文献