Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 3 deficiency perturbs lysosome function and macrophage homeostasis     

Hsu CL  Lin W  Seshasayee D  Chen YH  Ding X  Lin Z  Suto E  Huang Z  Lee WP  Park H  Xu M  Sun M  Rangell L  Lutman JL  Ulufatu S  Stefanich E  Chalouni C  Sagolla M  Diehl L  Fielder P  Dean B  Balazs M  Martin F 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,335(6064):89-92

Lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) are a group of heterogeneous disorders caused by defects in lysosomal enzymes or transporters, resulting in accumulation of undegraded macromolecules or metabolites. Macrophage numbers are expanded in several LSDs, leading to histiocytosis of unknown pathophysiology. Here, we found that mice lacking the equilibrative nucleoside transporter 3 (ENT3) developed a spontaneous and progressive macrophage-dominated histiocytosis. In the absence of ENT3, defective apoptotic cell clearance led to lysosomal nucleoside buildup, elevated intralysosomal pH, and altered macrophage function. The macrophage accumulation was partly due to increased macrophage colony-stimulating factor and receptor expression and signaling secondary to the lysosomal defects. These studies suggest a cellular and molecular basis for the development of histiocytosis in several human syndromes associated with ENT3 mutations and potentially other LSDs.  相似文献   

One-time transfers of cash or capital have long-lasting effects on microenterprises in Sri Lanka     

de Mel S  McKenzie D  Woodruff C 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,335(6071):962-966

Standard economic theory suggests that one-time business grants can have at most temporary effects, and accordingly, policies to increase incomes of the self-employed in developing countries typically rely on sustained engagement. In contrast, we found long-lasting impacts from one-time grants given in a randomized experiment to subsistence firms. Five years after we gave $100 or $200 to 115 of 197 male and 100 of 190 female Sri Lankan microenterprise owners, we found 10-percentage-point-higher enterprise survival rates, and $8-to-$12-per-month-higher profits for male-owned businesses that received the grants. Female-owned businesses showed no long-term (or short-term) impacts. Our follow-up investigation interviewed 94% of the original sample and collected survivorship data from the remaining 6%, demonstrating that tracking long-term outcomes is both feasible and worthwhile. The results suggest that one-off grants may have lasting impacts on some types of subsistence firms, challenging the view that sustained engagement is always required.  相似文献   

Gene transcription abnormalities in canine atopic dermatitis and related human eosinophilic allergic diseases     

Plager DA  Torres SM  Koch SN  Kita H 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2012,149(1-2):136-142

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Gait analysis in a cat with scapular luxation and contralateral forelimb amputation     

Washington Takashi Kano  Sheila C Rahal  Luciane dos Reis Mesquita  Felipe Stéfan Agostinho  Luís Guilherme de Faria 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2013,54(10):990-991

This report describes the use of a pressure-sensitive walkway to evaluate an uncommon case of a cat with dorsal luxation of the left scapula and an amputated right forelimb. The findings suggest that limb amputation induced load redistribution mostly to the contralateral forelimb despite the scapular luxation.  相似文献   

Surveillance for highly pathogenic avian influenza in migratory shorebirds at the terminus of the East Asian-Australasian Flyway     

IG Langstaff  JS McKenzie  WL Stanislawek  CEM Reed  R Poland  SC Cork 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(3):160-165

AIM: To determine if migratory birds arriving in New Zealand in the Southern Hemisphere spring of 2004 were infected with the highly pathogenic avian influenza (AI) virus, H5N1.

METHODS: Cloacal and faecal samples were collected from migratory red knots following their arrival in New Zealand in October 2004. Two species of resident sympatric birds, wrybill and mallard duck, were sampled prior to, and following, the arrival of migratory birds.

RESULTS: No AI viruses were isolated from migratory or resident shorebirds. Non-pathogenic AI viruses were isolated from six resident mallard ducks, comprising the endemic subtypes H4 (n=2), H7 (non-pathogenic), H10, and H11 (n=2).

CONCLUSIONS: Highly pathogenic AI H5N1 virus was not detected in migratory shorebirds or sympatric water birds in the Firth of Thames, New Zealand, in 2004-2005, despite the possible proximity of migratory birds to outbreaks of the disease in East Asia in 2004.  相似文献   

Three cases of a presumptive atypical myopathy in New Zealand horses     

RK McKenzie  IR Gibson  A Ritmeester 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(6):367-372

CASE HISTORY: Three weanling Thoroughbred fillies were presented during autumn with depression, muscle rigidity and, in one case, colic symptoms and cardiovascular shock.

CLINICAL FINDINGS: All fillies had abnormal physical examinations that included elevated heart rates and respiratory rates coupled with muscle rigidity through the back and rump. Biochemistry revealed markedly elevated creatinine kinase and aspartate aminotransferase which indicated a myopathy.

DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT: All three horses were diagnosed with presumptive equine atypical myopathy. The horses received supportive therapy as per the literature available at the time regarding this condition; two responded to supportive therapy and survived, and one was euthanased due to a rapid deterioration in clinical status.

PATHOLOGICAL FINDINGS: Following post mortem of one case, histology of the trapezius muscle demonstrated an acute, severe myofibre degeneration.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Atypical myopathy and a very similar disorder termed seasonal pasture myopathy in North America are potentially fatal, pasture-related syndromes that have been described in Europe and America but have not been previously described in New Zealand. This report describes three presumptive cases of this unique syndrome in New Zealand for the first time; it outlines the characteristics of the condition; and includes recently published information regarding diagnosis and treatment.  相似文献   

Cross-sectional study on acrylamide hemoglobin adducts in subpopulations from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) Study     

Vesper HW  Slimani N  Hallmans G  Tjønneland A  Agudo A  Benetou V  Bingham S  Boeing H  Boutron-Ruault MC  Bueno-de-Mesquita HB  Chirlaque D  Clavel-Chapelon F  Crowe F  Drogan D  Ferrari P  Johansson I  Kaaks R  Linseisen J  Lund E  Manjer J  Mattiello A  Palli D  Peeters PH  Rinaldi S  Skeie G  Trichopoulou A  Vineis P  Wirfält E  Overvad K  Strömberg U 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(15):6046-6053

Acrylamide exposure was investigated in subgroups of the EPIC study population (510 subjects from 9 European countries, randomly selected and stratified by age, gender, and smoking status) using hemoglobin adducts of acrylamide (HbAA) and its primary metabolite glycidamide (HbGA). Blood samples were analyzed for HbAA and HbGA by HPLC/MS/MS. Statistical models for HbAA and HbGA were developed including body mass index (BMI), educational level, and physical activity. A large variability in acrylamide exposure and metabolism between individuals and country groups was observed with HbAA and HbGA values ranging between 15-623 and 8-377 pmol/g of Hb, respectively. Both adducts differed significantly by country, sex, and smoking status. HbGA values were significantly lower in high alcohol consumers than in moderate consumers. With increasing BMI, HbGA in nonsmokers and HbAA in smokers decreased significantly. In the assessment of potential health effects related to acrylamide exposure, country of origin, BMI, alcohol consumption, sex, and smoking status should be considered.  相似文献   

Serum concentrations of lidocaine and its metabolites after prolonged infusion in healthy horses     

Dickey EJ  McKenzie HC  Brown KA  de Solis CN 《Equine veterinary journal》2008,40(4):348-352

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Continuous-rate infusions (CRI) of lidocaine are often used for prolonged duration but, to date, only limited time/concentration relationships administered as a short term (24 h) CRI have been reported. OBJECTIVE: To determine the time/concentration profile of lidocaine and its active metabolites glycinexylidide (GX) and monoethylglycinexylidide (MEGX) during a 96 h lidocaine infusion. METHODS: Lidocaine was administered to 8 mature healthy horses as a continuous rate infusion (0.05 mg/kg bwt/min) for 96 h. Blood concentrations of lidocaine, GX and MEGX were determined using high performance liquid chromatography during and after discontinuation of the infusion. RESULTS: Serum lidocaine concentrations reached steady state by 3 h and did not accumulate thereafter. Concentrations were above the target therapeutic concentration (980 ng/ml) only at 6 and 48 h, and did not reach the range described as potentially causing toxicity (>1850 ng/ml) at any time. MEGX did not accumulate over time, while the GX accumulated significantly up to 48 h and then remained constant. The serum concentrations of lidocaine, MEGX and GX were below the limit of detection within 24 h of discontinuation of the infusion. None of the horses developed any signs of lidocaine toxicity during the study. CONCLUSIONS: The metabolism of lidocaine was not significantly impaired by prolonged infusion and no adverse effects were observed. Prolonged infusions appear to be safe in normal horses but the accumulation of GX, a potentially toxic active metabolite, is cause for concern.  相似文献   

Oral cavity evaluation and dental chart registration of coati (Nasua nasua) in captivity     

Freitas EP  Rahal SC  Teixeira CR  Teixeira RH  Mendes GM  Gioso MA 《Journal of veterinary dentistry》2008,25(2):110-117

The aims of this study were to develop a dental evaluate any oral cavity disease, develop gypsum models of the dental arches, and to register the occlusions found in coatis (Nasua nasua) in captivity Formulation of the dental chart was assisted by intraoral radiographs from the head of an adult coati cadaver of the same species with the following dental formula.: I 3/3, C 1/1, P 4/3, M 2/2. Seven live coatis of the Nasua nasua species were evaluated. Five of the seven coatis presented with various dental abnormalities as follows: dental plaque (71.4 0%), gingivitis (71.4 %), periodontitis (57.1 %), dental stain (42.9 %), dental abrasion (57.1 %), dental fracture (57.1 %), pulp exposure (42.9 %), malocclusion (57.1 %) and supernumerary teeth (14.2 %).  相似文献   

Assessment of serum antibody titers against canine distemper virus, canine adenovirus type II, and canine parvovirus in Alaskan sled dogs before and after a long-distance race     

Banse HE  McKenzie EC  Nelson S  Hinchcliff KW 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2008,232(11):1669-1673

OBJECTIVE: To determine serum antibody titers against canine distemper virus (CDV), canine adenovirus type II (CAV-2), and canine parvovirus (CPV) in trained sled dogs prior to and after completion of a long-distance race. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. ANIMALS: 195 Alaskan sled dogs (from 18 kennels) that participated in the 2006 Iditarod Trail Race. PROCEDURES: All 1,323 dogs participating in the race had been vaccinated against the 3 viruses at 19 to 286 days prior to initial blood sample collection (obtained within the month preceding the race). Within 12 hours of race completion, blood samples were collected from 195 dogs (convenience sample) and matched with each dog's prerace sample. Serum antibody titers (90% confidence intervals [CIs]) were determined via serum neutralization assays. RESULTS: After racing, geometric mean titers against CDV and CPV were significantly higher (2,495 [90% CI, 321 to 16,384] and 6,323 [90% CI, 512 to 32,768], respectively) than prerace values (82 [90% CI, 11 to 362] and 166 [90% CI, 32 to 1,024], respectively). Sixty-one of 194 (31.4%) dogs had > or = 4-fold increases in anti-CPV antibody titers after racing. Prerace serum antibody titers against CDV, CPV, and CAV-2 varied significantly by sled team but were not associated with time since vaccination. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Postrace increases in serum anti-CDV and anti-CPV antibody titer might reflect exposure of dogs to these agents immediately before or during racing. Dogs had no clinical signs of CDV-, CAV-2-, or CPV-associated disease; therefore, the clinical importance of these titer changes is uncertain.  相似文献