Inclusion body hepatitis caused by fowl adenovirus in broiler chickens in Japan, 2009-2010     

Nakamura K  Mase M  Yamamoto Y  Takizawa K  Kabeya M  Wakuda T  Matsuda M  Chikuba T  Yamamoto Y  Ohyama T  Takahashi K  Sato N  Akiyama N  Honma H  Imai K 《Avian diseases》2011,55(4):719-723

From January 2009 to June 2010, many broiler chicks suddenly died without clinical signs. The mortality rates were from 1.2% to 17.0% in affected flocks. Inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) was detected in 13 prefectures (northern, eastern, western, and southern areas) in Japan. The livers were enlarged and pale. The bursa of Fabricius and thymus had not atrophied. Multifocal necroses of hepatocytes with basophilic intranuclear inclusions were seen in the liver. Eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies in hepatocytes were rare. Focal necrosis of acinar cells with basophilic intranuclear inclusions was found in the pancreas. Basophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies were detected in intact surface epithelial cells of gizzard and epithelial cells of the small intestine. The intranuclear inclusions of liver, pancreas, gizzard, and small intestine were stained positively for immunohistochemistry of fowl adenovirus (FAV) antigen. Ultrastructurally, basophilic intranuclear inclusions consisted of viral particles approximately 70 nm in diameter and arranged in a crystalline array. FAV was isolated from the liver of chickens affected with IBH. The serotype of most isolates was 2. This study suggests that IBH produced by FAV is epidemic in broiler chicks in Japan and that the present cases occurred as the primary disease without the association of infectious bursal disease virus or chicken anemia virus.  相似文献   

The assessment of genetic diversity within and among the eight subpopulations of Japanese Black cattle using 52 microsatellite markers     

Takahiro Nishimaki  Takayuki Ibi  Yoshihiro Tanabe  Yoshiyuki Miyazaki  Naohiko Kobayashi  Tamako Matsuhashi  Takayuki Akiyama  Emi Yoshida  Kazumi Imai  Mayu Matsui  Keiichi Uemura  Naoto Watanabe  Tatsuo Fujita  Yosuke Saito  Tomohiko Komatsu  Takahisa Yamada  Hideyuki Mannen  Shinji Sasazaki  Tetsuo Kunieda 《Animal Science Journal》2013,84(8):585-591

Japanese Black cattle are at risk for genetic homogeneity due to intensive use of a few sires. Therefore, assessment of the actual genetic diversity of this breed is important for future breeding plans. In the present study, we investigated the genetic diversity within and among eight subpopulations of Japanese Black cattle using 52 microsatellite markers. The parameters for genetic diversity of Japanese Black cattle were comparable to those of other cattle breeds, suggesting that the relatively high genetic diversity of the breed. However, upon comparison among the eight subpopulations, the Hyogo subpopulation showed markedly low genetic diversity. The results of the pairwise F_ST values, phylogenetic network and structure analysis indicated that the Hyogo population has remarkably high level of genetic differentiation from other populations, while Yamagata, Niigata, Hiroshima and Kagawa populations have low levels of genetic differentiation. Furthermore, multidimensional scaling plots indicated that individuals in some subpopulations were separated from individuals in the other subpopulations. We conclude that while the overall genetic diversity of Japanese Black cattle is still maintained at a relatively high level, that of a particular subpopulation is significantly reduced, and therefore the effective population size of the breed needs to be controlled by correct mating strategies.  相似文献   

Clinical analysis and nonsurgical management of 11 dogs with aural cholesteatoma     

Akihiro Imai  Hirotaka Kondo  Tsunenori Suganuma  Masahiko Nagata 《Veterinary dermatology》2019,30(1):42-e12

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Allelic frequencies and association with carcass traits of six genes in local subpopulations of Japanese Black cattle          下载免费PDF全文

Takahiro Nishimaki  Takayuki Ibi  Siqintuya  Naohiko Kobayashi  Tamako Matsuhashi  Takayuki Akiyama  Emi Yoshida  Kazumi Imai  Mayu Matsui  Keiichi Uemura  Hisayoshi Eto  Naoto Watanabe  Tatsuo Fujita  Yosuke Saito  Tomohiko Komatsu  Hiroshi Hoshiba  Hideyuki Mannen  Shinji Sasazaki  Tetsuo Kunieda 《Animal Science Journal》2016,87(4):469-476

Marker‐assisted selection (MAS) is expected to accelerate the genetic improvement of Japanese Black cattle. However, verification of the effects of the genes for MAS in different subpopulations is required prior to the application of MAS. In this study, we investigated the allelic frequencies and genotypic effects for carcass traits of six genes, which can be used in MAS, in eight local subpopulations. These genes are SCD, FASN and SREBP1, which are associated with the fatty acid composition of meat, and NCAPG, MC1R and F11, which are associated with carcass weight, coat color and blood coagulation abnormality, respectively. The frequencies of desirable alleles of SCD and FASN were relatively high and that of NCAPG was relatively low, and NCAPG was significantly associated with several carcass traits, including carcass weight. The proportions of genotypic variance explained by NCAPG to phenotypic variance were 4.83 for carcass weight. We thus confirmed that NCAPG is a useful marker for selection of carcass traits in these subpopulations. In addition, we found that the desirable alleles of six genes showed no negative effects on carcass traits. Therefore, selection using these genes to improve target traits should not have negative impacts on carcass traits.  相似文献   

Antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of naphthalene derivatives from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Diospyros kaki</Emphasis>     

Yasuyuki Matsushita  In-Cheol Jang  Takanori Imai  Kazuhiko Fukushima  Jeung-Min Lee  Hae-Ryong Park  Seung-Cheol Lee 《Journal of Wood Science》2011,57(2):161-165

4,8-Dihydroxy-5-methoxy-2-naphthaldehyde (Compound I) was isolated from blackened heartwood of Diospyros kaki and was methylated with diazomethane. Antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of Compound I and two methylated derivatives [4-hydroxy-5,8-dimethoxy-2-(2-oxopropyl)-naphthalene (D-1) and 2-glycidyl-4-hydroxy-5,8-dimethoxy naphthalene (D-2)] were evaluated. Compound I showed higher 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and reducing power than D-1 and D-2. However, D-1 and D-2 exhibited slightly stronger 2,2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)⁺ (ABTS⁺) radical scavenging activity than Compound I. Compound I also exhibited stronger cytotoxic activity than D-1 and D-2 against the growth of HT-29 colon cancer cells. The results supported the hypothesis that methylation of naphthalene derivatives slightly increased ABTS⁺ radical scavenging activity, but significantly decreased DPPH radical scavenging activity, reducing power, and cytotoxic activity.  相似文献   

Quantitative characteristics of anesthetic induction with and recovery from isoflurane and sevoflurane in cats     

A  Imai  EP Steffey  JE Ilkiw  BH Pypendop 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2003,30(2):106-106

Isoflurane (ISO) is the most commonly administered feline inhalant anesthetic in North America. A newer agent, sevoflurane (SEVO), may provide faster induction and recovery from anesthesia based on its physical characteristics. Accordingly, we compared some induction and recovery characteristics of ISO and SEVO in healthy cats. Six female DSH cats (17.9 ± 9.0 (mean ± SD) months, 3.7 ± 0.3 kg) received four randomly assigned treatments: ISO for 1 hour (IS), SEVO for 1 hour (SS), ISO for 5 hours (IL), and SEVO for 5 hours (SL). Anesthesia was induced in a chamber into which ISO or SEVO was delivered at 2.7 times the individual's MAC (determined previously) in 6 L minute^?1 O₂. Measured (Rascal II, Ohmeda) anesthetic concentration was reported after correction using a multiple gas, standard‐defined calibration curve. For induction, time (seconds) from introduction of inhalant to onset of incoordinated movement (IM), recumbency with movement (RM), recumbency without movement, loss of pedal reflex (PD), and intubation (ET) were recorded. Following intubation, anesthesia was maintained for the required time at 1.25 times the individual's MAC. For recovery, time (seconds) from discontinuation of the inhalant (with continuation of O₂) to first movement, extubation (EXT), start of incoordinated movement, head‐lift, sternal recumbency (SR), crawl, stand/walk with incoordination, and jump without incoordination were recorded. Esophageal normothermia was maintained. Data were analyzed by paired t‐test (induction) or One‐way Repeated Measures anova followed, when appropriate, by Tukey's test (recovery). p < 0.05 was regarded as significant. For induction, IM was not significantly different between ISO and SEVO (118 ± 28 seconds vs. 104 ± 28 seconds). All other induction times were significantly shorter with SEVO vs. ISO, e.g. RM (181 ± 31 seconds vs. 213 ± 31 seconds), PD (426 ± 68 seconds vs. 504 ± 70 seconds), and ET (434 ± 66 seconds vs. 515 ± 69 seconds). For recovery, there were no differences between ISO and SEVO for any stage of recovery, e.g. EXT (IS 588 ± 163 seconds vs. SS 425 ± 109 seconds), SR (IS 735 ± 215 seconds vs. SS 655 ± 337 seconds), and IL (710 ± 658 seconds vs. SL 807 ± 465 seconds). We concluded that quantitative recovery characteristics did not depend on whether cats are anesthetized with equipotent amounts of SEVO or ISO, but some induction end‐points were reached more quickly with SEVO.  相似文献   

Experimental transmission of sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever from sheep to Japanese deer (Cervus nippon) and cattle     

Imai K  Nishimori T  Horino R  Kawashima K  Murata H  Tsunemitsu H  Saito T  Katsuragi K  Yaegashi G 《Veterinary microbiology》2001,79(1):83-90

The assumption that sheep carry ovine herpesvirus-2 (OvHV-2), the causative agent of sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever (SA-MCF), is widely accepted, albeit OvHV-2 has not been isolated. We attempted experimental contact transmission of MCF from Japanese sheep persistently infected with OvHV-2 to Japanese deer (Cervus nippon) and cattle. In Experiment 1, a deer was kept in close quarters with an infected ewe. In Experiment 2, a second deer was kept with the same ewe. In Experiment 3, two cows were each kept with two infected wethers. In Experiment 1, the deer developed clinical signs at 138 days after first contact and then died. OvHV-2 genes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and fluorescent antibodies to Alcelaphine herpesvirus-1 were detected in the affected deer. Moreover, sequences of PCR products (423bp), obtained by amplification of materials from the sheep and from the affected deer, coincided. These results clearly confirmed that the sheep was a carrier of OvHV-2, and that this virus had induced SA-MCF in a deer. In other experiments, no OvHV-2 infection occurred in deer and cattle during the 6-18 months periods of contact, though viral genes were detected in the nasal swabs and white blood cells of the sheep. To our knowledge, this is the first report on successful experimental transmission of MCF from OvHV-2-infected sheep to deer.  相似文献   

A laboratory study of horses recovering from desflurane and isoflurane anaesthesia     

EP Steffey  RA Brosnan  A Imai  KR Mama 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2002,29(2):90-91

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The effects of ventilation on intercranial and cerebral perfusion pressures in isoflurane-anaesthetized horses     

RJ Brosnan  EP Steffey  RA LeCouteur  A Imai  GD Kortz 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2002,29(2):91-92

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Soil fabrics of the plowed layer of flooded rice fields     

Shigenori Aomine  Yoro Shiga 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(2):64-72

For a long while Japanese agricultural workers have centered their efforts to an increase in rice production, confirming the extreme importance of appropriate water controlling for a good crop. Meanwhile, Japanese farmers have traditionally practiced to keep their fields in a dry state for several days in the mid-summer. They have been convinced of healthy plants with temporarily draining off water. Its season is generally in the dog-days from the end of July to the beginning of August, and the degree of drainage seems to be decided by farmer's private views or experience. For instance, the Japan's No. 1 prize winner in technical skill of rice competition in 1950 withdrew water until light marks remained when stepped in the field, while the 1952's winner drained his field until slight cracking on ground for the period August 11 to 13 (4). They were really successful in obtaining 7.71 and 9.27 tons of brown rice per hectare, respectively. However, it appears to be needed to bring out the scientific meanings of the practice more clearly in order to make it reasonably and universaly, provided the practice is indispensable for a good rice crop.  相似文献