Detection of chicken anaemia virus DNA from formalin-fixed tissues by polymerase chain reaction     

K. Imai  M. Mase  S. Yamaguchi  N. Yuasa  K. Nakamura 《Research in veterinary science》1998,64(3):205

Chicken anaemia virus was detectable from various samples such as cell-free virus, infected cells, unfixed liver homogenates, formalin-fixed liver homogenate or formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded ( ) tissues from experimental or field infected chicks using assay. The detection limit of the first PCR assay was 1 infected cell or 10^−1·5, ₅₀ of cell-free virus (strain A2). The nested assay increased the sensitivity 10- or 100-fold. was detectable in the other 14 Japanese strains isolated from 1976 to 1994 by the assay. All the amplified products were digested with BglII, HindIII, PstI and SacI. These results suggest that the region amplified was highly conserved among the strains. The nested assay was very sensitive. However, was detectable in most field samples using the first assay. Therefore, the nested assay may not always be necessary. In contrast, the nested PCR assay was necessary to detect in tissues or formalin-fixed material. Use of the assay in detection from tissues may be most valuable in diagnosis of diseases caused by or associated with , because it allows detection of both microscopic lesions and .  相似文献   

Antimicrobial activity of some N-(fluorophenyl)maleimides     

S. Watanabe  Y. Igarashi  K. Yagami  R. Imai 《Pest management science》1991,31(1):45-51

A variety of N-(fluorophenyl)maleimides were prepared from the reaction of maleic anhydride and fluorophenylamines, and their antimicrobial activities examined. N-(Monofluorophenyl)maleimides exhibited antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, and no activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These compounds also showed antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger, Penicillium citrinum, Cladosporium cladosporioides and Aureobasidium pullulans. All N-(fluorophenyl)maleimides tested showed activity against yeasts.  相似文献   

Lipophilic,hydrolytic and photolytic properties and fungicidal activity against Botrytis cinerea of 1-(4-substituted phenoxymethyl)-2, 2-dimethylpropyl imidazole-1-carboxylates and -thiocarboxylates     

Tetsuya Imai  Toshiro Uchida  Kunio Yamaguchi  Hisashi Takao  Takeshi Goto 《Pest management science》1994,40(1):9-16

The sterol 14α-demethylation inhibitors 1-(4-substituted phenoxymethyl)-2, 2-dimethylpropyl imidazole-1-carboxylates and their corresponding thiocarboxylates were optimized for maximum in-vitro activity against Botrytis cinerea Pers. ex Fr. in terms of the lipophilic parameter π. The activity of both carboxylates and thiocarboxylates was strongly related with π and predicted to be maximum at π 1.38 and 0.72 respectively. However, the preventive efficacy of the carboxylates against B. cinerea on Solanum melongena L. grown in a greenhouse did not correlate with the parameter. Despite the unfavourable lower lipophilicity, compounds with p-alkoxy substituents were superior to those with any other substituent. Moreover, the p-methoxy-substituted thiocarboxylate 46 was much less effective in greenhouse tests than the corresponding carboxylate 15, despite their equivalent in-vitro activity. To clarify these discrepancies, hydrolytic and photolytic stabilities of several representative compounds including 15 and 46 were investigated. The carboxylates examined were much more labile to hydrolysis than the thiocarboxylate 46; however, the four thiocarboxylates studied were less stable to light than the carboxylates. Consequently, the above discrepancies were attributable mainly to the superior stability of the carboxylates to photolysis as compared to the thiocarboxylates.  相似文献   

Long-term observations of the vertical distributions of mineral elements and phosphorus dynamics in sediments in a shallow eutrophic lake in Japan     

Shimotori  Koichi  Imai  Akio  Kohzu  Ayato  Komatsu  Kazuhiro  Koshikawa  Masami Kanao  Hayashi  Seiji  Watanabe  Mirai 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2019,19(3):1566-1575

Purpose

To explore the mechanisms in the deposition and release of phosphorus (P) in the sediment of a shallow eutrophic lake using preserved samples, we investigated the vertical and temporal changes in P, manganese (Mn), sulfur (S), iron (Fe), aluminum (Al), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) in the sediment samples and the phosphate in the sediment pore water samples over a period of 6 years.

Materials and methods

The upper 15 cm of sediment from Lake Kasumigaura in Japan was collected monthly from 2003 to 2008 from the center of the lake. Sediment cores were divided into seven depth segments and were acid-digested for an elemental analysis via inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. Phosphate concentrations of the sediment pore water were determined using the molybdenum blue method. A multiple regression analysis was conducted by setting the P content as the response variable and Mn, S, Fe, Al, Ca, and Mg as explanatory variables.

Results and discussion

The results of the multiple regression analysis demonstrated that P co-precipitates with Fe and Al oxides and accumulates on the sediment surface. The vertical distributions of Mn and S suggest that Mn reduction occurs within the 0–1-cm-depth layer of the sediment and that iron sulfide is actively formed in the 6–10-cm-depth layer of the sediment. These findings imply that the layer in which ferric oxides are reduced to ferrous ions is present near the 1–6-cm-depth layer of the sediment. This layer corresponds to the layer in which the maximum phosphate concentration of the sediment pore water often occurred (the 2–6-cm-depth layer). These results indicate that vertical distributions of mineral elements are useful for assessing P dynamics in sediments.

Conclusions

The lake sediments record the dynamics of P in the sediment. Our analytical approach using long-term observation data demonstrated that the accumulation and release of P associated with a change in the redox state can be assessed based on the vertical distributions of mineral elements in the lake sediments.

  相似文献   

中日合作水稻品质·食味研究的现状和展望   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

崔晶  楠谷彰人  松江勇次  森田茂纪 《北方水稻》2011,41(4):1-6

介绍了中国水稻食味研究取得的成果和正在开展的研究工作,对今后水稻食味研究的发展做了展望。随着中国社会经济的迅速发展,人们的饮食结构发生了变化,对主食稻米的需求正在由数量型向品质食味型转变。影响水稻食味的三大因素包括遗传特性、产地特点和生产技术,其中,首选遗传特性。中国水稻食味育种工作已经展开,优质食味米配套生产技术的研...  相似文献   

Culture of Bovine Embryos in Polyester Mesh Sections: The Effect of Pore Size and Oxygen Tension on In Vitro Development     

T Somfai  Y Inaba  Y Aikawa  M Ohtake  S Kobayashi  T Akai  H Hattori  K Konishi  K Imai 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2010,45(6):1104-1109

The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of polyester mesh culture for the in vitro production of bovine embryos, as polyester mesh is an alternative way for tracking individual embryos throughout culture using time‐lapse cinematography (TLC). Bovine embryos were isolated during in vitro culture using sections of three different polyethylene terephthalate (PET) mesh products. In vitro matured and fertilized bovine oocytes were cultured in the 217 × 217, 230 × 230 or 238 × 238‐μm openings of PET mesh sections or in simple micro‐drops (control) for 7 days under either 20% or 5% O₂ tensions. No difference in embryo developmental rates was found between the culture groups in terms of cleavage, blastocyst formation and blastocyst expansion irrespective of O₂ tension. In contrast, under 20% O₂ tension, blastocysts that developed in PET mesh with 217 × 217‐μm opening had significantly higher numbers of total and trophectoderm (TE) cells than control embryos; however, the numbers and proportions of inner cell mass (ICM) cells did not differ. Under 5% O₂ tension, no difference was found among the culture groups in the numbers of total, ICM and TE cells in embryos. All three PET mesh products investigated in this study were proven to be effective to prevent embryo movement. The results demonstrate that bovine embryos can be cultured in PET mesh sections without negative side‐effects and suggest that embryo distance determined by the mesh affects embryo quality at atmospheric oxygen tension. Polyethylene terephthalate mesh with 217 × 217‐μm openings was found to be the most suitable for further application in TLC.  相似文献   

Development of microsatellite markers in cultivated and wild species of sections <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cepa</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Phyllodolon</Emphasis> in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Allium</Emphasis>     

Naoyuki Araki  Shin-Ichi Masuzaki  Hikaru Tsukazaki  Shigenori Yaguchi  Tadayuki Wako  Yosuke Tashiro  Naoki Yamauchi  Masayoshi Shigyo 《Euphytica》2010,173(3):321-328

The potential of microsatellite markers for use in genetic studies has been evaluated in Allium cultivated species (Allium cepa, A. fistulosum) and its allied species (A. altaicum, A. galanthum, A. roylei, A. vavilovii). A total of 77 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primer pairs were employed, 76 of which amplified a single product or several products in either of the species. The 29 AMS primer pairs derived from A. cepa and 46 microsatellites primer pairs from A. fistulosum revealed a lot of polymorphic amplicons between seven Allium species. Some of the microsatellite markers were effective not only for identifying an intraspecific F₁ hybrid between shallot and bulb onion but also for applying to segregation analyses in its F₂ population. All of the microsatellite markers can be used for interspecific taxonomic analyses among two cultivated and four wild species of sections Cepa and Phyllodolon in Allium. Generally, our data support the results obtained from recently performed analyses using molecular and morphological markers. However, the phylogeny of A. roylei, a threatened species with several favorable genes, was still ambiguous due to its different positions in each dendrogram generated from the two primer sets originated from A. cepa and A. fistulosum.  相似文献   

Root-shoot relationships in four strains of field-grown Erianthus arundinaceus at seedling stage     

Fumitaka Shiotsu  Mitsuru Gau  Naohiro Uwatoko  Shigenori Morita 《Plant Production Science》2016,19(1):161-164

The production of cellulosic bioethanol from non-edible plants is a potential countermeasure against global warming. Erianthus species provide cellulosic raw material for bioethanol because they have high biomass productivity and high tolerance to environmental stress, associated with their large, deep root systems. However, it is difficult to select Erianthus species for breeding by direct observation of their root systems because the roots are widely dispersed in the soil. Instead, we examined shoot morphological traits that could be closely related to root morphology to find effective reference indices for selection. The potential to evaluate root structure and function in Erianthus according to bleeding rate was also examined. An analysis of root–shoot relationships in seedlings indicated that root number and mean length were closely related to stem number and diameter, respectively. These results suggest that root–shoot relationships may provide useful criteria for selective breeding of root systems in Erianthus.  相似文献   

Malignant hyperthermia in a horse anesthetized with halothane     

Aleman M  Brosnan RJ  Williams DC  LeCouteur RA  Imai A  Tharp BR  Steffey EP 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2005,19(3):363-367

Ahealthy, 565-kg, 14-year-old Quarter Horse gelding, negative for equine protozoal myelitis on serum Western blot and for hyperkalemic periodic paralysis (HYPP) by polymerase chain reaction, was selected for use in an electrophysiology study performed under inhalation anesthesia. The study was performed by following the guidelines of an Animal Use and Care Committee Protocol of the University of California at Davis (UCD 8578). Anesthesia was induced with halothane delivered via a face-mask. The horse was intubated 17 minutes later with an orotracheal tube and anesthesia was maintained with halo-thane by using a semiclosed, large-animal breathing circuit. Although muscle relaxation was otherwise good, the horse's ears remained tensed in a caudal direction throughout the study  相似文献   

The roles of vitamin A for cytoplasmic maturation of bovine oocytes     

Ikeda S  Kitagawa M  Imai H  Yamada M 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2005,51(1):23-35

Vitamin A is one of the micronutrients which have been implicated in cattle reproduction. In cattle, ingested vitamin A, mainly as beta-carotene (BC) from forages and retinol ester from formula feed, is metabolized and transported to the oocytes and cumulus-granulosa cells in ovarian follicles through binding to various interacting molecules. The active form of vitamin A, retinoic acid (RA), functions as a regulator of gene expression in these targets. Early research showed the positive effects of vitamin A supplementation on bovine fertility in artificial insemination, and several studies on effects of vitamin A metabolites used in other artificial reproductive techniques (ART), including superovulation, ovum pick up, and in vitro maturation culture have provided evidence for the specific roles of vitamin A in oocyte cytoplasmic maturation (acquisition of developmental competence of oocytes during their meiotic maturation period for the embryonic development after fertilization). BC may enhance cytoplasmic maturation by its antioxidant properties which cannot be replaced by RA. Furthermore, RA may promote cytoplasmic maturation of bovine oocytes via its modulatory effects on the gene expression of gonadotrophin receptors, midkine, cyclooxygenase-2, and nitric oxide synthase in cumulus-granulosa cells.  相似文献