Quantitative characteristics of anesthetic induction with and recovery from isoflurane and sevoflurane in cats     

A  Imai  EP Steffey  JE Ilkiw  BH Pypendop 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2003,30(2):106-106

Isoflurane (ISO) is the most commonly administered feline inhalant anesthetic in North America. A newer agent, sevoflurane (SEVO), may provide faster induction and recovery from anesthesia based on its physical characteristics. Accordingly, we compared some induction and recovery characteristics of ISO and SEVO in healthy cats. Six female DSH cats (17.9 ± 9.0 (mean ± SD) months, 3.7 ± 0.3 kg) received four randomly assigned treatments: ISO for 1 hour (IS), SEVO for 1 hour (SS), ISO for 5 hours (IL), and SEVO for 5 hours (SL). Anesthesia was induced in a chamber into which ISO or SEVO was delivered at 2.7 times the individual's MAC (determined previously) in 6 L minute^?1 O₂. Measured (Rascal II, Ohmeda) anesthetic concentration was reported after correction using a multiple gas, standard‐defined calibration curve. For induction, time (seconds) from introduction of inhalant to onset of incoordinated movement (IM), recumbency with movement (RM), recumbency without movement, loss of pedal reflex (PD), and intubation (ET) were recorded. Following intubation, anesthesia was maintained for the required time at 1.25 times the individual's MAC. For recovery, time (seconds) from discontinuation of the inhalant (with continuation of O₂) to first movement, extubation (EXT), start of incoordinated movement, head‐lift, sternal recumbency (SR), crawl, stand/walk with incoordination, and jump without incoordination were recorded. Esophageal normothermia was maintained. Data were analyzed by paired t‐test (induction) or One‐way Repeated Measures anova followed, when appropriate, by Tukey's test (recovery). p < 0.05 was regarded as significant. For induction, IM was not significantly different between ISO and SEVO (118 ± 28 seconds vs. 104 ± 28 seconds). All other induction times were significantly shorter with SEVO vs. ISO, e.g. RM (181 ± 31 seconds vs. 213 ± 31 seconds), PD (426 ± 68 seconds vs. 504 ± 70 seconds), and ET (434 ± 66 seconds vs. 515 ± 69 seconds). For recovery, there were no differences between ISO and SEVO for any stage of recovery, e.g. EXT (IS 588 ± 163 seconds vs. SS 425 ± 109 seconds), SR (IS 735 ± 215 seconds vs. SS 655 ± 337 seconds), and IL (710 ± 658 seconds vs. SL 807 ± 465 seconds). We concluded that quantitative recovery characteristics did not depend on whether cats are anesthetized with equipotent amounts of SEVO or ISO, but some induction end‐points were reached more quickly with SEVO.  相似文献   

Experimental transmission of sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever from sheep to Japanese deer (Cervus nippon) and cattle     

Imai K  Nishimori T  Horino R  Kawashima K  Murata H  Tsunemitsu H  Saito T  Katsuragi K  Yaegashi G 《Veterinary microbiology》2001,79(1):83-90

The assumption that sheep carry ovine herpesvirus-2 (OvHV-2), the causative agent of sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever (SA-MCF), is widely accepted, albeit OvHV-2 has not been isolated. We attempted experimental contact transmission of MCF from Japanese sheep persistently infected with OvHV-2 to Japanese deer (Cervus nippon) and cattle. In Experiment 1, a deer was kept in close quarters with an infected ewe. In Experiment 2, a second deer was kept with the same ewe. In Experiment 3, two cows were each kept with two infected wethers. In Experiment 1, the deer developed clinical signs at 138 days after first contact and then died. OvHV-2 genes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and fluorescent antibodies to Alcelaphine herpesvirus-1 were detected in the affected deer. Moreover, sequences of PCR products (423bp), obtained by amplification of materials from the sheep and from the affected deer, coincided. These results clearly confirmed that the sheep was a carrier of OvHV-2, and that this virus had induced SA-MCF in a deer. In other experiments, no OvHV-2 infection occurred in deer and cattle during the 6-18 months periods of contact, though viral genes were detected in the nasal swabs and white blood cells of the sheep. To our knowledge, this is the first report on successful experimental transmission of MCF from OvHV-2-infected sheep to deer.  相似文献   

A mechanical study on the mitigation of lodging in edible canna     

Katsu Imai  Ryosuke Kiya 《Plant Production Science》2017,20(1):55-66

Because edible canna is approximately 3-m tall in its latter growth stage, strong winds such as by typhoons can induce plant lodging and cause severe damage to it. To improve our previous estimations that the 1-m dwarfing of a plant mitigated 10–20% by strong wind (external force) and 50% by own weight (internal force), respectively, we re-examined these parameters in relation to rhizome yield for field-grown plants. From early middle growth stage (July–August) of edible canna, the perpendicularly projected area of above-ground biomass increased rapidly due to rapid shoot elongation. After the middle growth stage (September), the stock base radius increased and shoot inclination angle decreased until the latter growth stage (November) gradually, indicating a disturbed architecture and easy lodging. Throughout the growth period, we observed no radial, directional difference in the leaf area distribution. Increase in the distance between the ground surface and the center of gravity of shoot weight and decrease in the shoot inclination increased the components of the internal force. The easiness to fall down (percentage own-weight invasion moment) of plant became maximal in the latter growth stage. We conclude that approximately 50-cm dwarfing of the plant with minimal loss of rhizome yield (as low as approximately 20%) and the maintenance of lodging tolerance is optimal. In such a situation, both external and internal forces are mitigated by approximately 30%.  相似文献   

Study of Internal Structure of Waxy Wheat Starch Granules by KI/I2 Solution     

Masaharu Seguchi  Takeshi Yasui  Kazuko Hosomi  Tooru Imai 《Cereal Chemistry》2000,77(3):339-342

Wheat starch granules were separated from waxy wheat flour by the acetic acid (pH 3.5) fractionation technique. Waxy wheat starch samples were stained red‐brown using KI/I₂ solution. Subsequently, the concentration of the KI/I₂ solution was increased to >2.5% KI and 1.0% I₂. Then the appearance of the waxy wheat starch granules quickly became ghostlike. The internal structure of the ghost could be observed. This structure consisted of two parts with different colors: a red‐brown central part and a slightly pinkish surrounding part. Sonication of the ghost at 20 kHz for 20 sec separated the central part from the surrounding part. Each of the separated parts were subjected to gel‐filtration chromatography, and their chromatography profiles indicated only amylopectin and no amylose. The central and surrounding parts had molecular weights of 54.3 × 10⁵ and 23.8 × 10⁶ from Berry plots, respectively.  相似文献