Studies on the mechanisms of pathogenic changes of plant viruses     

Shigeru Kuwata 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2018,84(6):437-440

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Factors governing cesium adsorption of charcoals in aqueous solution     

Shigeru Yamauchi  Takayuki Yamagishi  Kazuko Kirikoshi  Mitsuyoshi Yatagai 《Journal of Wood Science》2017,63(2):183-191

Cesium adsorption by commercial charcoals was examined to elucidate the mechanisms for capturing cesium ions in aqueous solution. Changes in the adsorption ability of charcoals due to water extraction (water washing) were investigated to develop practical cesium adsorptives based on charcoal. The commercial charcoals examined included mangrove charcoal (MC) and ubamegashi (Quercus phillyraeoides A. Gray) bincho charcoal (BC). Data from the two charcoals were compared with those of Japanese oak (Quercus serrata Thunb. and/or Quercus crispula Blume) charcoal (OC) reported previously. Aqueous cesium chloride solution (2.50 × 10^?5 mol/L) was used as a sample solution for the adsorption study. Charcoal powder was used as an adsorbent after passing through a 60-mesh sieve. The powders were characterized using methods, such as Raman spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, and infrared photoacoustic spectroscopy. The results indicated that MC, which was manufactured at the lowest possible temperature and had the smallest specific surface area, possessed the greatest ability to adsorb cesium. The MC also had the great cesium-adsorption ability in weak acidic solution and maintained the ability even after lengthy extraction treatments.  相似文献   

用声强法对木工带锯机空转噪声特性的测量分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘伟  朱国玺  喜多山繁 《东北林业大学学报》2000,28(1):72-74

使用声强法对木工带锯机的噪声特性进行了测量,测得三面的声强值和噪声的矢量图、等高线图、三维图,由这些数据和线图可以全面了解带锯机的噪声分布情况,以便分析和控制噪声。  相似文献   

Genetic diversity of the `peruvianum-complex' (Lycopersicon peruvianum (L.) Mill. and L. chilense Dun.) revealed by RAPD analysis     

Hiroaki Egashira  Hiroyuki Ishihara  Tadashi Takashina  Shigeru Imanishi 《Euphytica》2000,116(1):23-31

Two lines of hexaploid wheat were crossed and the basic generations of parent, F1, F2 and back-cross were sown in a controlled-environment chamber. FreshF1 and back-cross grains were generated, so the material could be handled either as the standard set of basic generations on a whole-plant basis, or as an extended set on an embryo or endosperm basis. The experiment was repeated. Mature grains were harvested and the starch particle size distribution was analysed in 3284 grains from 111 plants. Means and variances were partitioned into additive, dominance and interaction components. Grains from cross-pollinations had B-granule contents between parental values, rather than of the maternal parent, indicating an involvement of the grain genotype. Quantitative models based on endosperm genotype gave a better fit to the data than those based on embryo genotype. The difference in starch B-granule content between the parents was largely due to additive genes. Dominant genes were also indicated, with the first dose in the triploid endosperm having a large effect while the second dose had little or none. Non-allelic interactions were significant in the second experiment where the use of more types of backcross made them more detectable. There were also small and significant residual effects of the maternal plant in the first experiment, attributed to the vigour of the F1 mother plant and to the cytoplasm of Sunco. Narrow-sense heritability was low, between 0.05and 0.18 depending on the generation. Transgressive segregation was not found, suggesting that all alleles tending to increase the B-granule content were found in the Sunco parent and none in ME71. There was also no detectable heterosis in this character. The results show that breeding and selection for a low B-granule content should be possible but a further reduction will require new and complementary genes. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Blue stain fungi associated withTomicus piniperda (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) on Japanese red pine     

Hayato Masuya  Shigeru Kaneko  Yuichi Yamaoka 《Journal of Forest Research》1998,3(4):213-219

A number of various species of blue-stain fungi were isolated fromTomicus piniperda adults at various stages of development, as well as from the galleries, pupal chambers and sapwood underneath galleries on Japanese red pine. This study was an attempt to identify the species, composition of blue-stain fungi associated withT. piniperda, the frequency of occurrence of the fungi, and their role in the sapwood-staining of Japanese red pine in Tsukuba City, central Japan. Among the seven species of blue-stain fungi isolated, an undescribed species ofOphiostoma together withO. minus were the dominant species and closely associated withT. piniperda. These two species occurred on newly emerging adults more frequently than the overwintered adults.Hormonema dematioides was also associated with the beetle, however, its frequency of occurrence from the emerged new adults was very low. Although the two other species,O. ips andGraphium sp. were also isolated from emerged beetles, the frequency of these fungi from gallery systems suggested that they were accidentally carried byT. piniperda. Leptographium wingfieldii, known to be associated with the beetle in Europe, was also isolated at a very low frequency and the fungus seemed not to be closely associated with the beetle.Ophiostoma sp. andO. minus appear to be the most important causes of blue-stain of Japanese red pine sapwood after infestation byT. piniperda.  相似文献   

Effects of manufacturing factors on the viscosity of a polysaccharide solution extracted from Gagome Kjellmaniella crassifolia     

Shigeru Katayama  Toshihiro Nishio  Zensuke Iseya  Hideki Kishimura  Hiroki Saeki 《Fisheries Science》2009,75(2):491-497

A highly viscous polysaccharide solution was extracted from Gagome Kjellmaniella crassifolia in 20°C water. The eluted sugar concentration was 0.16%, and the extracted carbohydrates consisted of fucoidan, laminaran, and alginate at an approximately ratio of 8.2:0.8:1.0. An increase in the extraction temperature resulted in a less viscous solution, even though the amount of eluted sugar was higher than that obtained at a lower temperature. The most viscous extraction solution was obtained at a neutral pH, with a more acidic or alkaline extraction solution being a less viscous. When the highly viscous polysaccharide solution was heated, the viscosity decreased markedly with increasing temperature. The viscosity of the polysaccharide solution increased after dialysis against water and decreased with the addition of either KCl or NaCl. However, the viscosity was recovered to previous levels by following re-dialysis against water. The removal of divalent cations by EDTA and the re-addition using CaCl₂ or MgCl₂ also caused reversible changes to the viscosity. These characterizations will be useful for widespread applications of viscous K. crassifolia polysaccharides.  相似文献   

Effects of protamine hydrochloride from chum salmon milt on lipid metabolism in rats     

Yoshinori Takahashi  Tatsuya Konishi  Hiroyuki Enari  Heon-sik Lee  Won Kyung Lee  Young Sun Lee  Hyoung Kook Park  Shigeru Yamamoto 《Fisheries Science》2011,77(6):1045-1052

Protamine is a basic protein whose sulfate is used in medical applications as a carrier for injectable insulin and as a heparin antagonist, while its hydrochloride is used as an antibacterial ingredient for some food products. We previously showed that protamine hydrochloride derived from chum salmon milt inhibited pancreatic lipase and reduced plasma triacylglycerol levels in an oral fat tolerance test in humans. The present study evaluated the effect of chum protamine hydrochloride on lipid metabolism in rats. The single oral administration of protamine hydrochloride (500 mg/kg) reduced plasma triacylglycerol levels in a corn oil tolerance test, and repeated oral administration at a dose of 0, 150, 500, or 1,500 mg/kg with a high fat diet for 7 weeks significantly reduced body weight gain, liver weight, and epididymal adipose tissue, whereas total calorie intakes were not significantly different. These findings could be caused by the suppression of lipid digestibility leading to a significant increase in fecal lipid excretion due to the fact that protamine hydrochloride could bind with bile acids to make a complex that is difficult to digest. Protamine hydrochloride, with a considerable history as food, can be considered to be promising as an anti-obesity functional food material.  相似文献   

Establishment of shell growth analysis technique of juvenile Manila clam <Emphasis Type="Italic">Ruditapes philippinarum</Emphasis>: semidiurnal shell increment formation     

Taichi Masu  Satoshi Watanabe  Shigeru Aoki  Satoshi Katayama  Masaaki Fukuda  Akinori Hino 《Fisheries Science》2008,74(1):41-47

ABSTRACT:   The conventional acetate peel method was modified to analyze the shell growth pattern of juvenile Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum as small as 2 mm in shell length (SL). In the outer shell layer along the axis of maximum growth, two types of growth increments were observed: distinct increments and indistinct increments, which, respectively, do and do not continue to the middle shell layer. The distinct increments were found to be formed every two days in intertidal and shallow subtidal zones by field enclosure experiments of juveniles with datum points marked with alizarin complexone. Growth patterns of juveniles (12 mm SL) collected from the Seaside Park of Yokohama in Tokyo Bay were analyzed to confirm the modified method. Mean daily shell growth rate from April to July 2005 ranged 120–142 μm/day, which was reasonable as compared with previous studies. It was impossible to backcalculate the growth to the settlement size (i.e. 0.2 mm SL) because of erosion of the outer shell surface, and the smallest backcalculated minimum shell length was 0.8 mm. Fluctuations in daily growth rate were high, ranging 29–315 μm/day, and did not show a clear two-weekly rhythm.  相似文献   

Prey selectivity of naked-head large-eye bream (Gymnocranius griseus, Temminck & Schlegel 1844) larvae on natural plankton at first feeding     

Yoshizumi Nakagawa  & Shigeru Miyashita 《Aquaculture Research》2008,39(2):217-220

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Evaluation of Starch Properties of Wheats Used for Chinese Yellow-Alkaline Noodles in Japan     

Hajime Akashi  Miwa Takahashi  Shigeru Endo 《Cereal Chemistry》1999,76(1):50-55

The objective of the present research was to assess the functional properties of the starches isolated from Australian prime hard wheat (PH) and hard red winter wheat (HRW) in the United States. These wheats are favorably used in Japan for the production of Chinese yellow-alkaline noodles (YAN). Starches isolated from PH showed higher amylose content than those of noodle wheat but lower than bread wheat. Analysis of swelling power showed that PH starch had lower values than noodle wheat starches but higher values than bread wheat starches. By contrast, HRW starch showed relatively higher amylose content and lower swelling power. There were large differences in the starch pasting properties between PH and HRW. High-performance size-exclusion chromatography studies on the components leached from the starch (80°C, 20 min) showed that PH starch had a somewhat characteristic leaching profile. Its peak ratio of high molecular weight region to low molecular weight region was greater than that of HRW starch. PH starch also characterized by having lower endothermal enthalpy (ΔH) in amylose-lipid transition. The eating quality assessment for YAN revealed that PH had more elastic texture than HRW. Additional reconstitution studies showed that these quality differences could be attributable to its starch properties.  相似文献