Flooding stress causes a significant yield reduction in soybean. The early growth of soybean in Korea coincides with the rainy season, potentially exposing to flooding stress. Greenhouse experiments were conducted to map the quantitative trait loci (QTL) for flooding tolerance in soybean and to identify and investigate candidate genes near the QTL hot spots. Flood stress was imposed at V1–V2 stage on a recombinant inbred line population (‘Paldalkong’ × ‘NTS1116’), and leaf chlorophyll content (CC) and shoot dry weight (DW) were measured under control and flooded conditions. The genetic map was constructed using 180K Axiom® SoyaSNP markers. The QTL were analysed under control and flooded conditions as well as for index (ratio of CC or DW under flooded to control, CCI and DWI) and flooding tolerance index (FTI, mean of CCI and DWI). A total of 20 QTL with LOD scores 3.59–19.73 causing 5.8%–33.3% phenotypic variation were identified on nine chromosomes. Chromosomes 10, 12 and 13 harboured relatively more stable QTL. Results of this study could be useful to further understand the genetic basis of soybean's flooding tolerance and applied in breeding programmes. 相似文献
Two recombinant inbred line F10 rice populations (IAPAR-9/Akihikari and IAPAR-9/Liaoyan241) were used to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for ten drought tolerance traits at the budding and early seedling stage under polyethylene glycol-induced drought stress, and two traits of leaf rolling index (LRI) and leaf withering degree (LWD) under field drought stress. The results showed that the drought-tolerance capacity of IAPAR-9 was stronger than that of Akihikari and Liaoyan241. Thirty-four QTLs for 12 drought tolerance traits were detected, and among them, in the IAPAR-9/Akihikari population, qLRI9-1 and qLRI10-1 for LRI were repeatedly detected in RM3600-RM553 on chromosome 9 and in RM6100-RM3773 on chromosome 10, respectively, at two times points of July 31 and August 13 in 2014. The two QTLs are stable against the environmental impact, and qLRI9-1 and qLRI10-1 explained 6.77–13.66% and 5.01–8.32% of the phenotypic variance, respectively, at the two times points. qLWD9-2 for LWD in the IAPAR-9/Liaoyan241 population contributed 8.73% of variation was detected in the same marker interval with the qLRI9-1, and qLRI1-1 for LRI and qLWD1-1 for LWD were located in the same marker interval RM11054-RM5646 on chromosome 1, which contributed 18.82 and 5.78% of phenotype variation respectively. qGV3 for germination vigor and qRGV3 for relative germination vigor at the budding stage were detected in the same marker interval RM426-RM570 on chromosome 3, which explained 14.98 and 16.30% of the observed phenotypic variation respectively, representing major QTLs. The above-mentioned stable or major QTLs regions could be useful for molecular marker assisted selection breeding, fine mapping, and cloning. 相似文献
To assess the impact of aquaculture activities, we measured the primary production, total sediment oxygen consumption, and
benthic nutrient flux at two aquaculture farms (sea squirt and oyster) and one reference site. The estimated primary production
in the water column ranged from 19–169 mmol C m−2 d−1. Total sediment oxygen consumption rates ranged from 58 to 328 mmol m−2 d−1, 1.1 to 40 mmol m−2 d−1 for nitrogen, 0.17 to 3.0 mmol m−2 d−1 for phosphate, and 7.3 to 74 mmol m−2 d−1 for silicate. The average total sediment oxygen consumption at the longline farms was >2.5 times higher than the reference
site. Nitrate was significantly removed by denitrification at the longline farms in July and September and ranged from −5.4
to −0.09 mmol m−2 d−1, which is higher than for other coastal sediments. The benthic fluxes of nitrogen and phosphate at longline farms were up
to 16 and six times higher than at the reference site, respectively. The average nitrogen requirements of the primary producers
were 9.3 mmol m−2 d−1 at the sea squirt farm, 7.0 mmol m−2 d−1 at the oyster farm, and 13.5 mmol m−2 d−1 at the reference site, corresponding to 88, 316, and 27.2% of the nitrogen supplied by benthic fluxes, respectively. Our
results suggest that benthic nutrient fluxes at longline farms are a major nutrient source for primary production in coastal
waters. 相似文献
Fisheries have had major negative impacts on marine ecosystems, and effective fisheries management and governance are needed to achieve sustainable fisheries, biodiversity conservation goals and thus good ecosystem status. To date, the IndiSeas programme (Indicators for the Seas) has focussed on assessing the ecological impacts of fishing at the ecosystem scale using ecological indicators. Here, we explore fisheries ‘Management Effectiveness’ and ‘Governance Quality’ and relate this to ecosystem health and status. We developed a dedicated expert survey, focused at the ecosystem level, with a series of questions addressing aspects of management and governance, from an ecosystem‐based perspective, using objective and evidence‐based criteria. The survey was completed by ecosystem experts (managers and scientists) and results analysed using ranking and multivariate methods. Results were further examined for selected ecosystems, using expert knowledge, to explore the overall findings in greater depth. Higher scores for ‘Management Effectiveness’ and ‘Governance Quality’ were significantly and positively related to ecosystems with better ecological status. Key factors that point to success in delivering fisheries and conservation objectives were as follows: the use of reference points for management, frequent review of stock assessments, whether Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) catches were being accounted for and addressed, and the inclusion of stakeholders. Additionally, we found that the implementation of a long‐term management plan, including economic and social dimensions of fisheries in exploited ecosystems, was a key factor in successful, sustainable fisheries management. Our results support the thesis that good ecosystem‐based management and governance, sustainable fisheries and healthy ecosystems go together. 相似文献
Interest in biodegradable materials for packaging and agricultural uses has grown in recent years. Plant proteins have been proposed as inexpensive, renewable, and abundant feedstock. Corn zein was investigated based on value-added considerations and on the unique thermoplastic and hydrophobic properties of zein. Films prepared from zein are known to be tough and resistant, but also hard and brittle, thus requiring the addition of plasticizers to improve flexibility. The objectives of this research were to study the tensile properties, water absorption, and microstructure of zein sheets plasticized with palmitic and stearic acids. Both palmitic and stearic acids showed similar effects as plasticizers of zein. Tensile strength of zein sheets increased with the addition of low levels of plasticizers. However, beyond a critical point, tensile strength decreased with further addition of fatty acids. Water absorption decreased continuously with increasing fatty acid content. Kinetic parameters indicated fatty acids decreased water absorption by decreasing the saturation level of zein sheets. Coating zein with flax oil decreased the rate of water absorption by sealing off surface pores. Scanning electron micrographs of zein sheets showed the development of layered structures as fatty acid content increased. Zein-fatty acid layers were believed to be responsible for the increased tensile strength of plasticized zein sheets and to have contributed to increased resistance to water absorption. 相似文献
This study was conducted to understand the effect of N supply in autumn on its uptake and distribution in tree parts and the utilization of reserve N the following year in persimmon trees (Diospyros kaki cv. Fuyu). The treated trees received 22.5-g N each for two successive years as a 3.5% urea solution from September 18 at 5-day intervals. Trees absorbed about 30% on average of the N applied in autumn. Sixty four to 83% of the N absorbed in autumn was in perennial parts, and 65–72% of that was in roots. Total N in perennial parts of the tree fertilized with N increased by over 4.28 g while leaf N changed little during senescence, indicating that the reserve N was constituted mostly by the N absorbed in autumn. Total N in the new growth was about the same as the amount of N declined in spring from perennial parts, indicating that there was little contribution by soil N to sustain new growth. Total dry weights of new growth the following year in a with-N tree were greater by over 34 g than those in a without-N tree. 相似文献
Platycodon grandiflorum (PG), a species of herbaceous flowering perennial plant of the family Campanulaceae, has been used as a traditional oriental medicine for bronchitis, asthma, pulmonary tuberculosis, diabetes, hepatic fibrosis, bone disorders and many others similar diseases and as a food supplement. For the primary profiling of PG gas chromatography coupled with high resolution – time of flight mass spectrometry (GC/HR-TOF MS) was used as an analytical tool. A comparison of optimal extraction of metabolites was carried out with a number of solvents [hexane, methylene chloride, methanol, ethanol, methanol: ethanol (70:30, v:v)]. In extracts with methanol: ethanol (70:30 v:v) were detected higher amounts of metabolites than with other solvents. Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) plots showed significant differences between the diploid and tetraploid metabolite profiles. Extracts of tetraploid showed higher amounts of amino acids, while extracts of diploid contained more organic acids and sugars.
Seed starch content (SSC) greatly affects the taste, flavour and processing properties of soy foods. The objective in this study was to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for SSC in soybean. A total in 169 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross in ‘Williams 82’ and ‘PI 366121’ were grown for three consecutive years. The SSC of the RILs displayed continuous variation with transgressive segregation and hence amenable for QTL mapping. Nine significant QTL exhibiting 5.6–11.3% of the total phenotypic variation (PVE) were identified. The QTL qSTR06_2 showed highest PVE (9.1–11.3%) at LOD values of 4.25–5.39. No stable QTL over 3 years were identified, indicating strong environmental influence on SSC. The QTL qSTR11_1 and qSTR20_1 were found to colocalize with some of the previously reported QTL for sucrose content in soybean, implying the interrelationship between starch and sucrose biosynthesis. As the carbohydrate components may affect key constituents such as oil and protein in soybean seed, findings of the study may be useful in breeding soybeans with improved seed composition. 相似文献
ABSTRACT: From 2002 to 2006, the fish fauna associated with sea weeds drifting in the Chikuzen Sea, northern Kyushu, Japan, was examined. The total numbers of species and individuals collected were 51 and 5475, respectively. The five dominant species, accounting for approximately 80% of the total individuals, were Rudarius ercodes , Stephanolepis cirrhifer , Petroscirtes breviceps , Sebastes thompsoni and Paramonacanthus japonicus . The number of species and individuals increased significantly with the increase in water temperature, reaching maxima during early summer and autumn, respectively. Combining the present and previous data (∼50 years ago), the appearance patterns of the fishes associated with drifting sea weed were classified into the following four types: (i) long periods (continuously for 3 months or more) and autumn (LA); (ii) spring (SP); (iii) summer (SU); and (iv) rare (R). In more than half of the species, there were no changes in the appearance patterns between the present and previous studies. However, in the present study, the appearance patterns of several species changed from LA to R ( Oplegnathus punctatus and Kyphosus cinerascens ) and from R to LA and SU ( Abudefduf vaigiensis and Hyperoglyphe japonica , respectively). 相似文献
下载免费PDF全文