N-linked glycosylation of folded proteins by the bacterial oligosaccharyltransferase     

Kowarik M  Numao S  Feldman MF  Schulz BL  Callewaert N  Kiermaier E  Catrein I  Aebi M 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,314(5802):1148-1150

N-linked protein glycosylation is found in all domains of life. In eukaryotes, it is the most abundant protein modification of secretory and membrane proteins, and the process is coupled to protein translocation and folding. We found that in bacteria, N-glycosylation can occur independently of the protein translocation machinery. In an in vitro assay, bacterial oligosaccharyltransferase glycosylated a folded endogenous substrate protein with high efficiency and folded bovine ribonuclease A with low efficiency. Unfolding the eukaryotic substrate greatly increased glycosylation. We propose that in the bacterial system, glycosylation sites are located in flexible parts of folded proteins, whereas the eukaryotic cotranslational glycosylation evolved to a mechanism presenting the substrate in a flexible form before folding.  相似文献   

Non‐invasive estimation of the depth profile of soil strength with acoustic‐to‐seismic coupling measurement in the presence of crops          下载免费PDF全文

H.‐C. Shin  C. W. Watts  W. R. Whalley  K. Attenborough  S. Taherzadeh 《European Journal of Soil Science》2017,68(5):758-768

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The effect of pelleting on in situ rumen degradability of compound feed containing brown rice for dairy cows          下载免费PDF全文

Shin‐ichi Tagawa  Norio Yoshida  Yukihiro Iino  Ken‐ichi Horiguchi  Toshiyoshi Takahashi  Maria Watanabe  Kei Takemura  Syuhei Ito  Toyoji Mikami 《Animal Science Journal》2017,88(1):185-189

This study was conducted to determine the effect of pelleting on in situ dry matter degradability of pelleted compound feed containing brown rice for dairy cows. Mash feed of the same composition was used as a control and the in situ study was conducted using three non‐lactating Holstein steers fitted with a rumen cannula. The feeds contained 32.3% brown rice, 19.4% rapeseed meal, 11.4% wheat bran and 10.6% soybean meal (fresh weight basis). Except for moisture content, the chemical composition of the feed was not affected by pelleting. In situ dry matter disappearance of the feed increased from 0 to 2 h and after 72 h of incubation with pellet processing. Integration of the dry matter disappearance values over time revealed that degradability parameter a (soluble fraction) increased with pellet processing, whereas parameter b (potentially degradable fraction) decreased. Parameter c (fractional rate of degradation) and effective degradability (5% passage rate) were not affected by pellet processing. We concluded that pellet processing promotes rumen degradability at early incubation hours when the pelleted feed contains brown rice.  相似文献   

Actions of cathepsins on troponin T during postmortem aging of porcine muscle     

Shin‐ichi KITAMURA  Kazuyuki KUDO  Koichi CHIKUNI  Itaru WATANABE  Toshihide NISHIMURA 《Animal Science Journal》2010,81(4):501-505

In this study, we examined the contribution of the cathepsins (cathepsin D and crude cathepsins containing cathepsins B and L) to troponin T degradation during postmortem aging. The action of cathepsin D on troponin T was examined at various pHs (pH 4.0–6.5). The degradation of intact troponin T was observed at pH 4.0, but not observed at pH 5.5 and 6.5. As a result of the degradation of troponin T, the 30 kDa fragment was not generated in any pH condition. The action of the crude cathepsins on troponin T was also examined at various pHs (pH 4.0–6.5). The intact troponin T was degraded at pH 4.0 and the 30 kDa fragments were observed. These 30 kDa fragments disappeared during further incubation. On the other hand, at pH 5.5 and 6.5, the intact troponin T was degraded and the 30 kDa fragment was accumulated. These results suggested that the cathepsin D scarcely contributed to the degradation of troponin T during postmortem aging, but crude cathepsins containing cathepsins B and L were partially involved in the degradation of troponin T and the generation of 30 kDa fragments.  相似文献   

Taeanamides A and B,Nonribosomal Lipo-Decapeptides Isolated from an Intertidal-Mudflat-Derived Streptomyces sp.     

Jinsheng Cui  Eunji Kim  Dong Hyun Moon  Tae Ho Kim  Ilnam Kang  Yeonjung Lim  Daniel Shin  Sunghoon Hwang  Young Eun Du  Myoung Chong Song  Munhyung Bae  Jang-Cheon Cho  Jichan Jang  Sang Kook Lee  Yeo Joon Yoon  Dong-Chan Oh 《Marine drugs》2022,20(6)

Two new lipo-decapeptides, namely taeanamides A and B (1 and 2), were discovered from the Gram-positive bacterium Streptomyces sp. AMD43, which was isolated from a mudflat sample from Anmyeondo, Korea. The exact molecular masses of 1 and 2 were revealed by high-resolution mass spectrometry, and the planar structures of 1 and 2 were elucidated using NMR spectroscopy. The absolute configurations of 1 and 2 were determined using a combined analysis of ¹H-¹H coupling constants and ROESY correlations, the advanced Marfey’s method, and bioinformatics. The putative nonribosomal peptide synthetase pathway for the taeanamides was identified by analyzing the full genome sequence data of Streptomyces sp. AMD43. We also found that taeanamide A exhibited mild anti-tuberculosis bioactivity, whereas taeanamide B showed significant bioactivity against several cancer cell lines.  相似文献   

Behaviour of nutrients released from crystalline minerals of artificial potassium silicate fertilizer and their supply to the Japanese mustard spinach (Brassica rapa var. perviridis)     

Shin Hirata  Masahiko Katoh 《Soil Use and Management》2022,38(3):1403-1415

Artificial potassium silicate fertilizer (PSF) is a typical slow-release potassium fertilizer. However, the exact minerals that are released by PSF and the nutrients that are made available to plants remain unclear. This study quantitatively investigated the behaviour of nutrients released from PSF by the batch-release test and their supply to plants by the plant growth tests, respectively, to determine the quantitative relationship between nutrients released from PSF and taken up by the plant. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that kalsilite, åkermanite, and potassium–magnesium silicate were the most abundant crystalline minerals in PSF. The XRD peaks of åkermanite and potassium–magnesium silicate were absent after citric acid extraction at a liquid/solid ratio of 20 to 100 (CA20 and CA100). Magnesium-use efficiencies in PSF (11%) and residue treatments after ammonium acetate extraction (AC, 10%) were higher than those in residue treatments after CA20 (1.8%) and CA100 (6.0%). Potassium (%) released by AC in the batch-release test (4.5%) was compatible with the difference of potassium-use efficiencies between the treatments of PSF (21%) and the AC-residue (16%). Likewise, potassium (%) released by CA20 (8.8%) was lower than the difference of potassium-use efficiencies between the treatments of PSF (21%) and CA20-residue (7.9%). This study suggests that potassium is rapidly released from potassium–magnesium silicate in PSF and is readily available to plants.  相似文献