Change of fatty acid composition of the lumbar longissimus during the final stage of fattening in the Japanese Black cattle          下载免费PDF全文

Takeshi Honda  Takafumi Ishida  Ikuo Kobayashi  Yusuke Oguri  Yuto Mizuno  Hideyuki Mannen  Hiroaki Iwaisaki  Shiro Kuge  Kunihiko Saito  Kenji Oyama 《Animal Science Journal》2016,87(4):578-583

Consideration of the shortened fattening period seems to be worthwhile for the realization of profitable beef production. In this study, change of fatty acid composition of the lumbar longissimus during the final stage of fattening was investigated in Japanese Black cattle. Each of 110 fattening animals was sampled three times: the initial two samples were taken by biopsy (25.7 months and 27.5 months on average) and the final one was from carcasses (29.9 months on average). Preliminary analysis indicated that removing muscle tissues from the constant body position of the living animals should be essential for sampling. Average monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) at three sampling points were 58.1%, 58.5% and 60.5%, and the differences of the third sampling with the first and second samplings were significant. Both in steers and heifers, MUFA also increased as the fattening stage proceeded, and MUFA of the heifers at all the sampling points were significantly higher than those of the steers. The increasing rate of MUFA rose from 0.21 percentage points (pp)/month at period 1 (from the first sampling to the second sampling) to 0.84 pp/month at period 2 (from the second sampling to the slaughter).  相似文献   

Effects of supplementation with cellooligosaccharides on growth performance of weaned calves on pasture          下载免费PDF全文

Kyoko Kido  Shigeki Tejima  Haruka Nagayama  Yutaka Uyeno  Yasuyuki Ide  Shiro Kushibiki 《Animal Science Journal》2016,87(5):661-665

We conducted two feeding experiments to evaluate the effects of cellooligosaccharide (CE) supplementation on growth performance in grazing beef calves. Calf sex and age and duration of the experimental period differed between the experiments. Experiment 1 (10 weeks) used 5.6‐month‐old castrated males; Experiment 2 (13 weeks) used 3.9‐month‐old females. Eight Japanese Black calves were assigned to either a control group (CON) or an experimental group (CE) fed CE at a rate of 10 g/day mixed with concentrate. Calves were stocked in fields in which Kentucky bluegrass was dominant. In both experiments, average daily gain tended to be greater in CE than in CON, especially in late stages of experiments, but no significant differences in body weight changes were observed. In Experiment 2, final heart girth was larger in CE than in CON calves. We monitored rumen microbial community composition in Experiment 2 and found increases in fibrolytic bacteria and methanogenic archaea in CE calves, but the overall microbial composition did not differ between the groups. Our results suggest that supplementation with CE may positively affect growth performance in weaned calves on pasture, but longer‐term CE supplementation may be required to exhibit the effect.  相似文献   

A method for extracting carboxy‐myoglobin from beef          下载免费PDF全文

Masahiro Waga  Shiro Takeda  Ryoichi Sakata 《Animal Science Journal》2018,89(2):467-473

The present study was conducted to devise a method for the effective extraction of carboxy‐myoglobin (COMb) from beef without carbon monoxide dissociation. The ratio of COMb to myoglobin was computed at absorptions of wavelengths 541 and 551 nm, which characterize COMb and the isosbestic point between COMb and deoxy‐myoglobin, respectively. The COMb extraction rate was found to vary with temperature, pH and oxygen conditions. The decrease observed in this rate was inversely proportional to the rise in extraction temperature. The COMb extraction rate was also affected by pH, and the stability of COMb in the extract solution was the highest at pH 8.0–9.0. Moreover, the presence of oxygen was found to disturb COMb extraction. According to these results, nearly all COMb could be extracted from carbon‐monoxide‐treated beef under stirring conditions in pH 8.5 deoxidized buffer, at 1°C, and under N₂ flow with the improved extraction method in this study (98.1 ± 2.7%). The decrement of COMb in the extract was accelerated by light, and the COMb was stable for 20 min in the dark, at 1°C. The extraction conditions for COMb described above should allow the accurate evaluation of COMb in meat tissue.  相似文献   

Hydrothermal decomposition of various crystalline celluloses as treated by semi-flow hot-compressed water     

Rosnah Abdullah  Kazuyoshi Ueda  Shiro Saka 《Journal of Wood Science》2014,60(4):278-286

Various types of crystalline celluloses I, II, III_I, III_II, IV_I and IV_II that have been adjusted for their degree of polymerization were treated by semi-flow hot-compressed water (HCW) at 230–270 °C/10 MPa/15 min to study their hydrothermal decomposition. The treatments resulted in either partial or complete decomposition of the celluloses and the decomposed products were primarily recovered as hydrolyzed, dehydrated and fragmented ones as well as organic acids in the water-soluble (WS) portions. Their results of hydrothermal decomposition and its kinetics revealed that the celluloses decomposition is dependent on the types of crystalline celluloses as well as temperature of the HCW treatment. The outcome from the WS portions at 270 °C/10 MPa/15 min showed that the degree of difficulty for decomposition is lower in group II (cell II, cell III_II, cell IV_II) than group I (cell I, cell III_I, cell IV_I), indicating that group II is less resistant to decomposition by HCW treatment. Therefore, the decomposition behaviors of the cellulose are due to the inherent differences in the crystalline structures.  相似文献   

Cystic Rete Testis with Testicular Dysplasia in a Rabbit     

James K. CHAMBERS  Kazuyuki UCHIDA  Yousuke MURATA  Ken-ichi WATANABE  Kenichiro ISE  Yasutsugu MIWA  Hiroyuki NAKAYAMA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2014,76(5):751-755

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Ganglion Cysts Arising from a Canine Stifle Joint     

Daiki MURATA  Takeshi SOGAWA  Satoshi TOKUNAGA  Tomoko IWANAGA  Hiroaki KAWAGUCHI  Noriaki MIYOSHI  Yasuyuki MOMOI  Makoto FUJIKI  Naoki MIURA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2014,76(3):457-459

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Microbial biomass and nitrogen transformations in surface soils strongly acidified by volcanic hydrogen sulfide deposition in Osorezan, Japan     

Mirai WATANABE  Shigeki YAMAMURA  Takejiro TAKAMATSU  Masami K. KOSHIKAWA  Seiji HAYASHI  Tomoyoshi MURATA  Shoko S. SAITO  Kazuyuki INUBUSHI  Kazunori SAKAMOTO 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2010,56(1):123-132

Volcanic acidification has created unique ecosystems that have had to adapt to the acidic environments in volcanic regions. To characterize the primary microbial properties of strongly acidified soils in such environments, we investigated microbial biomass, nitrogen transformations and other relevant chemical properties in the surface soils of solfatara and forests from Osorezan, a typical volcanic region in Japan, and compared the results to common Japanese forest soils. Soil microbial biomass C (MBC) and N (MBN) were determined using the chloroform fumigation–extraction method. Potential net N mineralization and net nitrification were measured in aerobic laboratory incubations. Long-term acidification in the Osorezan soils by volcanic hydrogen sulfide deposition caused low soil pH (3.0–3.8), base cation deficiency and increased concentrations of toxic ions such as Al³⁺. The proportions of MBC to total carbon (MBC/TC ratio) and MBN to total nitrogen (MBN/TN ratio) were lower than those in common Japanese forest soils. The extreme acidic conditions may have inhibited microbial survival in the Osorezan acid soils. Net N mineralization occurred at rates comparable to those in common Cryptomeria japonica forest soils, probably because of the presence of acid-tolerant soil microorganisms. Net nitrification was completely inhibited and autotrophic ammonia oxidizers were not detected by the MPN method. The inhibition of nitrification prevents nitrogen leaching from the soils, thus maintaining a nitrogen cycle in the volcanic acid region in which     (and NH₃) is recycled among microorganisms and plants.  相似文献   

Influence of orally administered bovine lactoferrin on lipid metabolism in lipopolysaccharide-injected preruminant calves     

Shiro KUSHIBIKI  Hiroyuki SHINGU  Tokushi KOMATSU  Fumiaki ITOH  Naoko MORIYA  Eiko TOUNO  Akinori OSHIBE  Koichi HODATE 《Animal Science Journal》2009,80(3):258-264

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of oral lactoferrin (LF) administration on lipid metabolism changes in calves given lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Twenty-one 4-day-old Holstein calves were divided into three groups, with each group receiving one of three oral doses of LF (0, 1, 3 g/day) for 10 consecutive days (day −10 to day −1). All calves were intravenously injected with LPS (50 ng/kg BW) on day 0, the day after LF treatment ended. Plasma triglyceride concentrations were lower ( P  < 0.05) in the LF-treated calves than in the control calves given 0 g/day of LF at 12 and 24 h after LPS injection. Plasma NEFA concentrations were elevated between 6 and 24 h after LPS treatment. At 12 h, the concentration of plasma NEFA was lower ( P  < 0.05) in the calves given LF 3 g/day than in the control calves. On day 0, plasma total cholesterol and phospholipid concentrations tended to be lower in the LF groups administered 1 and 3 g of LF/day than in the control group, but did not differ significantly among the groups. The plasma very-low-density and low-density lipoprotein concentrations were lower ( P  < 0.05) at 12, 24, and 72 h in the LF groups than in the control calves. The concentrations of plasma high-density lipoprotein tended to be lower in the LF groups than in the control group between day 0 and 96 h, though there were no significant group differences. The concentration of plasma interleukin-1β was lower ( P  < 0.05) in the calves fed LF 3 g/day than in the control calves at 2 and 12–48 h after LPS injection. These data suggest that LF inhibits LPS-induced alterations in lipid metabolism in preruminant calves.  相似文献   

Genetic variations of isozymes in cultivated sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Isshiki  Shiro  Umezaki  Teruhisa 《Euphytica》1997,93(3):375-377

Patterns of variation for seven enzyme systems were studied in 68 accessions of cultivated sesame (Sesamum indicum L.), 12 from Japan, 15 from Korea and 41 from Thailand. Only one enzyme system, isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), of these exhibited variation. The IDH isozymes were shown to be controlled by a single locus (Idh) with two alleles. The two alleles were widely distributed in the accessions from the three countries. As few gene markers which have simple genetic control are available in sesame, these IDH isozymes could contribute to a range of studies in the breeding and genetics of sesame. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Developing an effective glyphosate application technique to control Bischofia javanica Blume,an invasive alien tree species in the Ogasawara Islands     

Takeharu Itou  Kayo Hayama  Atsushi Sakai  Hiroyuki Tanouchi  Shiro Okuda  Hiromichi Kushima  Takuya Kajimoto 《Journal of Forest Research》2015,20(1):248-253

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