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101.
The records of 33 dogs treated with radiation therapy for nontonsillar oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) were reviewed to determine which, if any, prognostic factors affected local tumor recurrence and survival. Information was collected on nine factors: age, sex, anatomic subsite, intraoral location, bone involvement, radiation dose, portal size, and tumor recurrence. Product limit survival estimates indicated than only anatomic subsite was significantly related to disease-free interval. Mean disease-free interval was 12.0, 3.4, and 1.8 months for maxilla, mandible, and soft tissue subsites, respectively. Four factors were significantly associated with survival. The intraoral location (listed in descending survival time: rostral > caudal > rostral and caudal), tumor recurrence (no > yes), relative portal size (less than 100 cm2 /m2 > greater than or equal to 100 cm2 /m2 ), and age at diagnosis (less than or equal to 6 years > greater than 6 years) were of prognostic importance. Based on these data, a prospective randomized clinical trial for the treatment of nontonsillar oral SCC would be appropriate. 相似文献
102.
Height measurements of the mandible and the mandibular first molar tooth were obtained from 234 dogs. Statistical analysis was performed to determine possible associations between these measurements and body weight, sex, age, and body condition. There was a statistically significant association between the mandible: mandibular first molar tooth height measurement ratio and body weight (p < 0.0001) in all body weight groups. Small dogs had proportionally larger mandibular first molar teeth relative to mandibular height compared with larger dogs. This relationship may contribute to an increased susceptibility in small dogs for periodontitis and subsequent tooth loss. There was no statistically significant association between the mandible: mandibular first molar tooth height measurement ratio and other parameters evaluated in this study. 相似文献
103.
Silverstein DC Wininger FA Shofer FS King LG 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2008,232(6):893-897
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between Doppler blood pressure (DBP) and survival or response to treatment in critically ill cats. DESIGN: Retrospective case series. ANIMALS: 83 cats. PROCEDURES: Medical records from cats admitted to the intensive care unit with at least 2 recorded DBP measurements were included in the study. Hypotension was defined as 1 or more DBP measurements d 90 mm Hg. Change in blood pressure, survival to hospital discharge, heart rate, rectal temperature, PCV, plasma pH, serum ionized calcium concentration, disease process, body weight, age, duration of hospitalization, and catecholamine treatment were also evaluated. RESULTS: 39 cats were included in the hypotensive group, and 44 were consistently normotensive. Overall survival rate was 53% (44/83), with a significantly higher mortality rate in the hypotensive group (64% vs 32%). Among other variables, only low rectal temperature and low PCV were significantly associated with hypotension. Hypotensive cats with an increase in blood pressure of >or=20 mm Hg during hospitalization were more likely to survive to discharge (mortality rate, 69% vs 17%). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Hypotensive cats had increased mortality rate with lower rectal temperatures and lower PCV, compared with normotensive critically ill cats. The implications of these findings with regard to treatment remain to be elucidated, but addressing these abnormalities may be appropriate. 相似文献
104.
OBJECTIVE: To compare the in vitro elution characteristics of amikacin and cefazolin from polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) alone and in combination. STUDY DESIGN: A prospective, controlled, experimental study. METHODS: Three aliquots of 6 g sterile PMMA were measured and to them added (1) 750 mg amikacin; (2) 1050 mg cefazolin; and (3) 750 mg amikacin and 1050 mg cefazolin. Ten beads of each antimicrobial/PMMA combination were placed in 5 mL phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) at pH 7.4 and room temperature with constant agitation. PBS was sampled at 15 time points between 1 hour and 30 days. Amikacin concentrations were determined by fluorescence polarization immunoassay and cefazolin concentrations by high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS: Amikacin and cefazolin eluted at concentrations greater than 8 and 4 times, respectively, above the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for susceptible bacteria over 30 days. Co-elution of the antibiotics resulted in a greater rate and proportion of antibiotic eluted. Concentrations of amikacin and cefazolin in the co-eluted fluid were not maintained sufficiently above the MIC for selected bacteria over 30 days. CONCLUSIONS: PMMA beads of only amikacin or cefazolin-eluted concentrations greater than the MIC for selected bacteria for 30 days. Co-elution of the antibiotics at the selected doses resulted in a significantly shorter duration of elution and may not be effective for treatment of wound infection. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Co-elution of amikacin and cefazolin from PMMA at the selected doses cannot be recommended for sustained treatment of infection. 相似文献
105.
The aims of this study were to test (i) the effect of time of tissue and RNA extracts storage on ice and (ii) the effect of repeated freeze–thaw cycles on RNA integrity and gene expression of bovine reproductive tissues. Fragments of endometrium (ENDO), corpus luteum (CL) and ampulla (AMP) were subdivided and incubated for 0, 1, 3, 6, 12 or 24 h on ice. RNA extracts were incubated on ice for 0, 3, 12 or 24 h, or exposed to 1, 2, 4 or 6 freeze–thaw cycles. RNA integrity number (RIN) was estimated. Expression of progesterone receptor (PGR) and cyclophilin genes from RNA extracts stored on ice for 0 or 24 h, and 1 or 6 freeze–thaw cycles was measured by qPCR. Tissue and RNA extract incubation on ice, and repeated freeze–thaw cycles did not affect RIN values of RNA from ENDO, CL or AMP. Storage on ice or exposure to freeze–thaw cycles did not affect Cq values for PGR or cyclophilin genes . In conclusion, neither generalized RNA degradation nor specific RNA degradation was affected by storage of tissue or RNA extracts on ice for up to 24 h, or by up to 6 freeze–thaw cycles of RNA extracts obtained from bovine ENDO, CL and AMP. 相似文献
106.
A Seiff DB Kirk TCD Knight LA Young FS Milos E Venkatapathy JD Mihalov RC Blanchard RE Young G Schubert 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1997,276(5309):102-104
Temperatures in Jupiter's atmosphere derived from Galileo Probe deceleration data increase from 109 kelvin at the 175-millibar level to 900 ± 40 kelvin at 1 nanobar, consistent with Voyager remote sensing data. Wavelike oscillations are present at all levels. Vertical wavelengths are 10 to 25 kilometers in the deep isothermal layer, which extends from 12 to 0.003 millibars. Above the 0.003-millibar level, only 90- to 270- kilometer vertical wavelengths survive, suggesting dissipation of wave energy as the probable source of upper atmosphere heating. 相似文献
107.
Wakefield LA Shofer FS Michel KE 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2006,229(1):70-73
OBJECTIVE: To determine motivation and feeding practices of people who feed their cats vegetarian diets as well as taurine and cobalamin status of cats consuming vegetarian diets. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. ANIMALS: 34 cats that had been exclusively fed a commercial or homemade vegetarian diet and 52 cats that had been fed a conventional diet for > or = 1 year. PROCEDURES: Participants were recruited through a Web site and from attendees of a national animal welfare conference. Caregivers of cats in both groups answered a telephone questionnaire regarding feeding practices for their cats. Blood was obtained from a subset of cats that had been fed vegetarian diets. Blood and plasma taurine and serum cobalamin concentrations were measured. RESULTS: People who fed vegetarian diets to their cats did so largely for ethical considerations and were more likely than people who fed conventional diets to believe that there are health benefits associated with a vegetarian diet and that conventional commercial cat foods are unwholesome. Both groups were aware of the potential health problems that could arise from improperly formulated vegetarian diets. All cats evaluated had serum cobalamin concentrations within reference range, and 14 of 17 had blood taurine concentrations within reference range. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Vegetarian diets are fed to cats primarily for ethical considerations. Results of this study should aid practitioners in communicating with and providing advice to such clients. 相似文献
108.
OBJECTIVE: To develop a standard method for measuring tear production in large Psittaciformes using the phenol red thread (PRT) tear test. To establish mean PRT tear test values in clinically normal pet birds and to assess the reproducibility of the test. ANIMALS: Two geographically distinct populations of healthy, large Psittaciformes (pilot study and study population). Species groups include: cockatoo (17), macaw (22), Amazon (10), African gray (1), eclectus (1) and pionus (1). PROCEDURE: The PRT was placed under the upper eyelid and both eyelids were held closed throughout the test. The PRT tear test was repeated after 2 months in the pilot study and after approximately 5 min in the study population. RESULTS: The mean PRT tear test values for the pilot study were OD=28.2 mm/15 s (+/- 6.3 mm), OS=24.1 mm/15 s (+/- 6.6 mm) and OD=25.4 mm/15 s (+/- 3.3 mm), OS=25.5 mm/15 s (+/- 5.2 mm), for the first and second visits respectively. The mean PRT tear test value for the study population was: OD=19.8 mm/15 s (+/- 4.3 mm), OS=20.1 (+/- 3.9 mm) and OD=20.0 mm/15 s (+/- 4.5 mm), OS=19.1 mm/15 s (+/- 3.3 mm), for the first and second tests respectively. There was poor repeatability between tests. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that the PRT tear test is a practical method for measuring tear production in large Psittaciformes, although adaptations to the established diagnostic method are necessary to overcome some anatomical differences present in birds. Good reproducibility of the PRT tear test could not be demonstrated in a clinically normal population of birds but geographic location appears to significantly influence results. 相似文献