Transformation of trifoliate orange with rice chitinase gene and the use of the transformed plant as a rootstock     

Nobuhito Mitani  Shozo Kobayashi  Yoko Nishizawa  Takeshi Kuniga  Ryoji Matsumoto 《Scientia Horticulturae》2006

RCC2, cDNA clone encoding rice class-I chitinase, was introduced into trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata Raf.). Chitinase activity of the transformed plants was higher than that of the non-transformed plants. The introduced gene was not detected in the scions grafted onto the transformed plants. The effect of the introduction of foreign gene into rootstocks on the scions was discussed.  相似文献   

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of antibodies to exogenous avian leukosis virus     

K Tsukamoto  Y Kono  K Arai  H Kitahara  K Takahashi 《Avian diseases》1985,29(4):1118-1129

A microplate enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detecting antibodies to avian leukosis virus (ALV) of subgroups A and B in infected chickens was developed with the use of Rous-associated virus (RAV)-1 (subgroup A) and RAV-2 (subgroup B) antigens purified by sucrose-gradient centrifugation. The antigen was used for ELISA after treatment with Triton X-100. In the ELISA, the subgroup viral antigen reacted strongly with homologous antiserum but also reacted with heterologous antiserum. Tests with serum absorbed with purified homologous and heterologous virus and tests for antigen-blocking by group-specific antibodies to ALV revealed that the reaction was caused mainly by subgroup-specific antibodies. The ELISA was 8 to 32 times more sensitive than the virus-neutralization (VN) test and detected antibodies to ALV earlier than the VN test in chickens infected experimentally with RAV-1 and RAV-2. In field application of the ELISA, 44.2% of 484 chicken sera were positive for RAV-1 and/or RAV-2 antigen, and 80.4% of flocks were positive. These findings indicate that ELISA is superior to the VN test in sensitivity, simplicity, rapidity, and applicability for large-scale field surveys for ALV infection.  相似文献   

Medication control of flunixin in racing horses: Possible detection times using Monte Carlo simulations     

Taisuke Kuroda  Yohei Minamijima  Motoi Nomura  Shozo Yamashita  Masayuki Yamada  Shunichi Nagata  Hiroshi Mita  Norihisa Tamura  Kentaro Fukuda  Atsutoshi Kuwano  Kanichi Kusano  Pierre-Louis Toutain  Fumio Sato 《Equine veterinary journal》2022,54(5):979-988

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Quantification of horse plasma proteins altered by xylazine using the fluorogenic derivatization-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry     

Miwako MORI  Tomoko ICHIBANGASE  Shozo YAMASHITA  Isao KIJIMA-SUDA  Masahiro KAWAHARA  Kazuhiro IMAI 《Journal of Equine Science》2015,26(4):141-146

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Post-release movement and diel activity patterns of hatchery-reared and wild black-spot tuskfish <Emphasis Type="Italic">Choerodon schoenleinii</Emphasis> determined by ultrasonic telemetry     

Yuuki Kawabata  Junichi Okuyama  Hiromichi Mitamura  Kimio Asami  Kenzo Yoseda  Nobuaki Arai 《Fisheries Science》2007,73(5):1147-1154

ABSTRACT:   Post-release movement and diel activity patterns of hatchery-reared and wild black-spot tuskfish were examined using ultrasonic telemetry. Five hatchery-reared and four wild fish were released in the sandy bottom of Urasoko Bay, Ishigaki Island, Okinawa, Japan, and monitored using automated monitoring receivers from November 2005 to February 2006. Both hatchery-reared and wild fish tended to stay near the release site for over two weeks, before leaving the release site. Both hatchery-reared and wild tuskfish showed diurnal rhythm intermittently; signals were recorded more frequently in the daytime and less frequently in the nighttime, suggesting that the fish of both origins were active during the day and inactive during the night. These findings indicate that the one-year-old hatchery-reared tuskfish have some consistent behavioral characteristics with those of the wild.  相似文献   

Establishment of a Model of Spontaneously-Running-Tokushima-Shikoku Rats with Left Atrial Thrombosis     

Takamasa Ohnishi  Fumiko Hisaoka  Masaki Morishima  Akira Takahashi  Nagakatsu Harada  Kazuaki Mawatari  Hidekazu Arai  Emiko Yoshioka  Satomi Toda  Izumi Keisuke  Yutaka Nakaya 《Journal of toxicologic pathology》2014,27(1):51-56

Studies that investigate the underlying mechanisms of disease and treatment options typically require the use of a suitable animal model. Few suitable animal models exist for left atrial thrombosis. Here, we demonstrated that the Spontaneously-Running-Tokushima-Shikoku (SPORTS) rat — a Wistar strain known for its running ability—is predisposed to the development of thrombi in the left atrium. We investigated the incidence of left atrial thrombosis in male (n = 16) and female (n = 17) SPORTS rats and observed organized atrial thrombosis in 57% and 38% of males and female rats, respectively. In the male rats, systolic blood pressures and heart rates were significantly higher in SPORTS rats than in control Wistar rats. We could not find any evidence of arrhythmias, such as atrial fibrillation, during electrocardiographic examination of SPORTS rats. We believe that the SPORTS rat could serve as a new research model for left atrial thrombosis; further, it may be suitable for research investigating the development of new antithrombotic approaches for the control of atrial thrombosis or familial thrombophilia in humans.  相似文献   

Seed germination and seedling establishment of the monocarpic dwarf bamboo Sasa veitchii var. hirsuta     

Yuhei Abe  Shozo Shibata 《Journal of Forest Research》2014,19(1):166-173

In order to determine the influences of environmental factors on seed germination and to identify the effects of germination characteristics on seedling establishment for Sasa veitchii var. hirsuta, germination experiments and a survey on current seedling dynamics were conducted in a natural habitat after mass flowering. The results of the germination experiments revealed that the seeds require a low-temperature environment for germination; those exposed to low-temperature conditions for a time similar to the length of winter (4 months of low-temperature conditions) germinated gradually, while those exposed for longer (>4 months of low-temperature conditions) germinated rapidly. These results were compatible with field observations indicating that seedlings emerged from June to October in the year after mass flowering, and they suggested this germination characteristic (i.e., variation of germination timing due to seed dormancy) may play an ecological function in spreading risk (although it may also increase the potential for seed predation). The results also revealed that stronger light and alternating temperature conditions had no effect on germination, whereas high temperatures and drying had negative effects. The outcomes of the survey on current seedling dynamics revealed that the seedling establishment ratio was high in a forest understory compared to that seen at a site where solar radiation was strong and soil water content was low. This implies that germination characteristics may promote seedling establishment in forest understory.  相似文献   

Parentage assignment of stocked black sea bream <Emphasis Type="Italic">Acanthopagrus schlegelii</Emphasis> in Hiroshima Bay using microsatellite DNA markers   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Dal-Sang Jeong  Enrique Blanco Gonzalez  Kagayaki Morishima  Katsutoshi Arai  Tetsuya Umino 《Fisheries Science》2007,73(4):823-830

The genetic contribution of 51 broodstock, comprising 29 females and 22 males, reared at Hiroshima City Marine Products Promotion Center for the production of stocked black sea bream was monitored during two consecutive years using seven microsatellite DNA loci. The high discrimination ability of these markers was reflected in the polymorphic identification content (PIC=0.831), the exclusion probability (Q≈1), and the low probability of identity index (I=3.635⁻¹⁰). The total number of breeders contributing to the mating process was estimated at 32 (62.7%) in 2000 and 30 (58.8%) in 2001. On pedigree reconstruction, 69.3% of the offspring were successfully assigned to a single broodstock pair. Loss of alleles accounted for 16.9% during seed production; nevertheless, 90.9% of males and 69.0% of females participated in the mating process. Based on microsatellite genetic tagging, 58.9% of the fish sampled during the two months after release were identified as hatchery stock, presenting no significant differences from wild conspecifics in either fork length or body weight.  相似文献   

Mottled coloration of haploid-diploid and diploid-triploid mosaic amago salmon Oncorhynchus masou ishikawae     

Masaru Yamaki  Satoshi Yamaguchi  Katsutoshi Arai 《Fisheries Science》2006,72(1):157-165

ABSTRACT:   Mottled amago salmon Oncorhynchus masou ishikawe with both yellow- and dark-pigmented skin occurred together with typical albino individuals in a commercial farm. Out of 12 mottled fish examined by DNA content flow-cytometry and erythrocytic nucleus size, three were diploid, eight were haploid-diploid mosaic and one was diploid-triploid mosaic. This fact indicates that the mottled coloration might link to polyploid mosaicism. Genotype of diploid and non-diploid cells at the albino locus was estimated in nine mature mottled fish by observing the frequency of wild-type and albino progeny when mating to homozygous albino ( aa ). One diploid and three haploid-diploid mosaic mottled fish were presumed to have mosaic genotype with both hemizygous ' a ' and heterozygous ' Aa ' cells ( a/Aa ), because the segregation ratio between two phenotypes was 1 : 1. Three other haploid-diploid mosaic fish were presumed to have mosaic genotype with both hemizygous ' a ' and homozygous ' AA ' cells ( a/AA ), because of exclusive occurrence of wild-type phenotype in the progeny. The diploid-triploid mosaic mottled fish was presumed to have mosaic genotypes ' aa / AAA ', ' aa/AAa ' or ' aa / Aaa ', because this fish yielded only albino progeny. One diploid mottled fish produced both two phenotypes but albino embryos appeared with much more frequency than the expectation, when assuming the genotype ' Aa '. Thus, this fish was considered to have mosaic genotype ' Aa/aa '.  相似文献   

Coexistence of anadromous and lacustrine life histories of the shirauo, Salangichthys microdon   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

T. Arai  H. Hayano  H. Asami  N. Miyazaki 《Fisheries Oceanography》2003,12(2):134-139

The environmental history of the shirauo, Salangichthys microdon, was examined in terms of strontium (Sr) and calcium (Ca) uptake in the otolith, by means of wavelength dispersive X‐ray spectrometry on an electron microprobe. Anadromous and lacustrine type of the shirauo were found to occur sympatric. Otolith Sr concentration or Sr : Ca ratios of anadromous shirauo fluctuated strongly along the life‐history transect in accordance with the migration (habitat) pattern from sea to freshwater. In contrast, the Sr concentration or the Sr : Ca ratios of lacustrine shirauo remained at consistently low levels throughout the otolith. The higher ratios in anadromous shirauo, in the otolith region from the core to 90–230 μm, corresponded to the initial sea‐going period, probably reflecting the ambient salinity or the seawater–freshwater gradient in Sr concentration. The findings clearly indicated that otolith Sr : Ca ratios reflected individual life histories, enabling these anadromous shirauo to be distinguished from lacustrine shirauo.  相似文献