Involvement of circadian clock in crowing of red jungle fowls (Gallus gallus)          下载免费PDF全文

Shuichi Ito  Makiko Hirose  Mari Iwahara  Azusa Yatsushiro  Atsushi Matsumoto  Masayuki Tanaka  Chinobu Okamoto  Ken‐ichi Yayou  Tsuyoshi Shimmura 《Animal Science Journal》2017,88(4):691-695

The rhythmic locomotor behavior of flies and mice provides a phenotype for the identification of clock genes, and the underlying molecular mechanism is well studied. However, interestingly, when examining locomotor rhythm in the wild, several key laboratory‐based assumptions on circadian behavior are not supported in natural conditions. The rooster crowing ‘cock‐a‐doodle‐doo’ is a symbol of the break of dawn in many countries. Previously, we used domestic inbred roosters and showed that the timing of roosters' crowing is regulated by the circadian clock under laboratory conditions. However, it is still unknown whether the regulation of crowing by circadian clock is observed under natural conditions. Therefore, here we used red jungle fowls and first confirmed that similar crowing rhythms with domesticated chickens are observed in red jungle fowls under the laboratory conditions. Red jungle fowls show predawn crowing before light onset under 12:12 light : dim light conditions and the free‐running rhythm of crowing under total dim light conditions. We next examined the crowing rhythms under semi‐wild conditions. Although the crowing of red jungle fowls changed seasonally under semi‐wild conditions, predawn crowing was observed before sunrise in all seasons. This evidence suggests that seasonally changed crowing of red jungle fowls is under the control of a circadian clock.  相似文献   

Genetic relationships among improved varieties of rice (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Oryza sativa</Emphasis> L.) in Indonesia over the last 60 years as revealed by morphological traits and DNA markers     

Kadapi Muhamad  Kaworu Ebana  Shuichi Fukuoka  Kazutoshi Okuno 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2017,64(4):701-715

Morphological traits and two kinds of molecular markers were employed to study the genetic relationships among improved rice (Oryza sativa ) varieties of Indonesia since 1943. Dendrograms based on morphological traits and both molecular markers (simple sequence repeats, SSR and single nucleotide polymorphism, SNP) agreed in separating the varieties into two primary groups. Based on the morphological traits, a larger group (>60 %) contains varieties with smaller sizes compared with those in the smaller group (<40 %). SSR and SNP markers revealed that most of the varieties belonged to indica (88; 89 %) and japonica (9; 8 %) subspecies, and 3 % of varieties were not involved in two subspecies. The molecular markers revealed that the genetic diversity (H) stagnated between stage II (1967–1985) and stage III (1986–2003). However, during stage I (1943–1966), H was higher than in the other stages as revealed by SNP markers, while H in stage I was lower than in the other stages as revealed by SSR markers. In this study, the two molecular data sets were positively correlated and positive correlations between the phenotypic and molecular data depended on the kind of molecular marker: SNP had higher Mantel r values than SSRs. Besides, SSR markers seem to be appropriate for pedigree studies, while SNP markers could be used to reveal genomic relationships. These findings were attributable to the different properties of these two different markers. These results suggested that the diversity and differentiation of both the phenotypic and molecular marker variations were probably resulted from the crossing and selection in rice breeding in Indonesia. We suggest that Indonesia needs another strategy to improve new varieties to avoid a reduction in genetic diversity and similarity.  相似文献   

Diversity and differentiation of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Oryza sativa</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">O. rufipogon</Emphasis> in Indonesia     

Kadapi Muhamad  Kaworu Ebana  Shuichi Fukuoka  Kazutoshi Okuno 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2017,64(1):41-54

Analysis of the genetic structure of Indonesian Oryza sativa and O. rufipogon using neighbour-joining trees based on single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers revealed that O. sativa in Indonesia is separated from O. rufipogon. Accessions of O. sativa in this study were differentiated into two major groups, indica and tropical japonica, excluding some varieties. SSR and SNP markers revealed the high value of differentiation (F _ST) and genetic distance (D) between indica and tropical japonica and we discovered four loci by SNP markers and one locus by SSR markers that play a role in differentiation between indica and tropical japonica. Interestingly, genetic diversity (H) in O. rufipogon was lower than that in O. sativa, however H in O. rufipogon was the highest and H in tropical japonica was the lowest when O. sativa was divided into two groups. Inbreeding coefficient (Fst) showed evidences that gene flow (Nm) between species and within species might be one of the mechanisms related to the diversification and differentiation of Indonesian rice germplasm by asymmetric pattern between species and within O. sativa as revealed by SSR and SNP markers. In addition, we found evidences on stabilizing selection in Indonesian rice germplasm and they might be the reasons why Indonesian rice germplasm did not differentiate due to source location of landrace. However, we found a weak relation between SSR and SNP markers probably due to highly polymorphic in SSR and the different properties of both markers.  相似文献   

Construction of a system for exploring mitotic homologous recombination in the genome of Pyricularia oryzae     

Takayuki Arazoe  Shuichi Ohsato  Tsutomu Arie  Katsuyoshi Yoneyama  Shigeru Kuwata 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2013,79(6):422-430

To investigate mitotic homologous recombination (HR) in Pyricularia oryzae, we created an HR detection system. The system consists of two non-functional enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) and blasticidin S deaminase (BSD) fusion genes (YFP::BSD). If mitotic HR occurs between the two non-functional genes in the genome, restoration of the functional YFP::BSD gene can be expected. The expression of the functional YFP::BSD gene can be detected by both YFP fluorescence and resistance against BS. When the P. oryzae genome was transformed simultaneously with two non-functional genes, all six lines of transformants with both genes had some portion of their hyphae exhibiting YFP fluorescence and BS resistance during growth. Up to ca. 10 % of conidia harvested from the mycelium of each of the six lines had YFP fluorescence, suggesting that HR consistently occurs during mycelium growth. To determine whether and how the HR-mediated phenotypic changes occurred at the DNA level, we analyzed the genomic DNA of BS-resistant mycelia by PCR-RFLP and sequencing and were able to confirm the existence of a restored functional YFP::BSD gene and a non-functional recombinant gene. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that we established a successful HR detection system for P. oryzae, which can be used for other plant pathogens, and that mitotic HR actually occurs in P. oryzae and constitute the first experimental evidence for mitotic HR in a fungus.  相似文献   

Simulated performance of a greenhouse cooling control strategy with natural ventilation and fog cooling     

Federico Villarreal-Guerrero  Murat Kacira  Efren Fitz-Rodríguez  Raphael Linker  Chieri Kubota  Gene A. Giacomelli  Avraham Arbel 《Biosystems Engineering》2012,111(2):217-228

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Expression of two novel cytochrome P450 3A131 and 3A132 in liver and small intestine of domestic cats     

Honda K  Komatsu T  Koyama F  Kubota A  Kawakami K  Asakura H  Uno Y  Kitazawa T  Hiraga T  Teraoka H 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2011,73(11):1489-1492

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Nutrient and bulk density characteristics of soil profiles in six land use systems along topo-sequences in inland valley watersheds of Ashanti region,Ghana     

Ebenezer Annan-Afful  Noriko Iwashima  Ernest Otoo  Kwame Osafredu Asubonteng  Daisuke Kubota  Akira Kamidohzono 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(5):649-664

The bulk density and nutrient distribution in soil profiles as affected by various land use systems were studied. Mean bulk densities of the various soil profiles, 0-20, 20-40, and 4060 cm in the selected five land use systems along the upland / lowland topo-sequences were, 1.26, 1.73, and 1.44 Mg m^-3 for the primary forest (PF) plot in the upland area, 1.13, 1.51, and 1.50 Mg m^-3 for the cacao farm (CP) plot, 1.16, 1.63, and 1.26 Mg m^-3 for the mixed cropping (MC) plot, 1.39, 1.61, and 1.50 Mg m-a for the fallow (Fallow) plot, all three land use systems being in the upland / fringe areas, and 1.46, 1.72, and 1.60 Mg m^-3 for the lowland traditional rice farming (TR) plot, respectively. The very high bulk density of the second layer, especially in the PF plot, may be related to the hardening of the iron / quartz stone layer due to prolonged dry conditions, which may affect plant growth and hydrological cycles in the benchmark inland valley watersheds. The TC contents of the topsoil samples were 43, 32, 24, 26, 18, and 15 g kgm^-1 for the PF, CP, Fallow, MC, TR, and sawah (Sawah) plots, respectively. The C / N ratios of the topsoil samples were 10, 10, 9.8, 9.1, 8.8, and 8.8 for the CP, Fallow, MC, Sawah, TR, and PF plots, respectively, displaying a higher natural fertility, especially for the N supply in the PF plot in the upland area. The available phosphorus levels were low even for the topsoil samples, 1.8 to 3.4 mg kg^-1 for the upland soils while the lowland TR and Sawah plots recorded values of 4.4 and 4.9 mg kg^-1, respectively. The contents of exchangeable K, 0.1-0.4 cmole kg^-1, of the topsoil samples were in the range of those of normal inland valley soils in West Africa. In contrast to the content of available P, although the MC plot showed a depletion, the PF, Fallow, and CP plots showed a replenishment of available K through biological nutrient cycling. The levels of exchangeable Ca and Mg as well as eCEC, were also relatively high compared to those of mean inland valley soils in West Africa. The major component of eCEC was Ex. Ca. The levels of Ex. Ca in the topsoil samples were 11.1, 9.1, 7.8, 4.7, 5.1, and 3.9 cmol_c kg^-1 for the PF, CP, Fallow, MC, TR, and Sawah plots, respectively. The distinctive feature of Ex. Mg was its large distribution in the upper soil profiles in the CP plot, indicating that in the cacao farms, Ex. Mg was enriched, probably due to the high level of Mg in the leaf litter. The lowland soils, normally, should have been enriched in exchangeable bases such as Ca, K, and Mg, leading to a higher eCEC value and higher general fertility through the process of geological fertilization, Le., nutrient flows from upland to lowland areas, as in the case of lowland sawah in monsoon Asia. At the benchmark sites, however, the effects of the geological fertilization process were not evident. This is one of the most important characteristics of West African inland valley watersheds.  相似文献   

Identification of several rice genes regulated by Si nutrition     

Shuichi Watanabe  Emi Shimoi  Naoko Ohkama  Hiroaki Hayashi  Tadakatsu Yoneyama  Junshi Yazaki 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(8):1273-1276

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Studies on the nitrification in soil,with special reference to the population of nitrifier     

Shuichi Ishizawa  Tatsuhiko Matsuguchi 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(6):30-34

A number of papers have been published on nitrification in soil. The problem of the nitrification has become increasingly important because of the appearance of new forms of nitrogenous fertilizers such as ammonium chloride or urea, etc.  相似文献   

The Use of Bacillus Licheniformis HA1 To Accelerate Composting of Organic Wastes     

Kiyohiko Nakasaki  Nobuyuki Uehara  Minoru Kataoka  Hiroshi Kubota 《Compost science & utilization》2013,21(4):47-51

The effect of Bacillus licheniformis HA1 cell density on the acceleration of organic waste composting was tested in a bench-scale composting system utilizing a process limit temperature of 60°C. Variables measured during composting were CO₂ evolution rate, conversion of substrate carbon and pH. When an initial cell density of 2.0×10⁴ cfu/g-dry solid was used, the strain HA1 increased in number and prevented the decrease in pH during the early stage of composting. This resulted in enhanced populations of other thermophiles and increased the rate of organic matter decomposition. By contrast, no effect was observed at a lower cell density of HA1. It was found that the minimum cell density of HA1 to accelerate organic decomposition was around 10⁴-10⁵ cfu/g dry solid of raw material.  相似文献