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81.
82.
Lauren E. DowlerPaul D. Siciliano PhD Shannon E. Pratt-PhillipsMatthew Poore PhD 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2012
Eight mature horses weighing 576 ± 32 kg (mean ± SD) were used to compare differences in pasture dry matter (DM) intake rate in October (period 1), February (period 2), and May (period 3). Horses were randomly assigned to a pair of adjacent 5 m × 5 m grazing cells containing nontoxic, endophyte-infected tall fescue. Horses had access to each cell for 4 hours. Pasture DM intake rate was estimated over the entire 8-hour period by measuring the pre- and postgrazing herbage mass within each cell and was expressed as kg DM/100 kg body weight (BW)/hr. Mean 8-hour DM intake rate in period 1 (0.17 ± 0.01 kg DM/100 kg BW/hr) was greater (P < .001) than for period 2 (0.09 ± 0.01 kg DM/100 kg BW/hr) and period 3 (0.11 ± 0.01 kg DM/100 kg BW/hr), but it was not different (P = .274) between periods 2 and 3. A second experiment using the same eight horses was conducted immediately after the first experiment, within each season, to determine whether the DM intake rates derived from the first experiment could be used along with estimates of maintenance digestible energy (DE) requirements and pasture DE concentrations to predict the amount of grazing time required for a horse to consume only its maintenance DE requirement and maintain zero BW change over a 6-week period. Grazing time necessary to maintain zero BW change was accurately predicted for period 1 only. 相似文献
83.
KA Rose PD Kirkland RJ Davis D Blumstein LI Pritchard KM Newberry RA Lunt 《Australian veterinary journal》2012,90(12)
Epizootics of sudden death in tammar wallabies (Macropus eugenii) occurred at six research facilities and zoological gardens in New South Wales, Australia, in late 1998 and at one Queensland research facility in March 1999. There were 120 confirmed tammar wallaby deaths during this period; however, population censuses indicated that up to 230 tammar wallabies may have died. The majority of animals died without premonitory signs. A small proportion of wallabies exhibited increased respiratory rate, sat with a lowered head shortly before death or were discovered in lateral recumbency, moribund and with muscle fasciculations. Gross postmortem findings consistently included massive pulmonary congestion, mottled hepatic parenchyma and subcutaneous oedema throughout the hindlimbs and inguinal region. Approximately 30% of the animals examined also had extensive haemorrhage within the fascial planes and skeletal muscle of the hindlimb adductors, inguinal region, ventral thorax, dorsal cervical region and perirenal retroperitoneal area. The tissues of affected animals became autolytic within a short period after death. Bacteriological examination of tissues from 14 animals did not provide any significant findings. Toxicological examination of the gastric and colonic contents of four animals did not reveal evidence of brodifacoume or other rodenticides. Viruses from the Eubenangee serogroup of the Orbivirus genus were isolated from the cerebral cortex of nine, and the myocardium of two, tammar wallabies and the liver and intestine of another tammar wallaby. A similar orbivirus was also isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid of another tammar wallaby that died suddenly. The disease agent appears to be a previously unrecognised orbivirus in the Eubenangee serogroup. This is the first report of epizootics of sudden deaths in tammar wallabies apparently associated with an orbivirus infection. 相似文献
84.
In vitro production of porcine zygotes using intracytoplasmic injection of vitrified sperm
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CC Arraztoa C Baca Castex GM Alvarez PD Cetica DM Neild 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2017,52(5):775-780
The objectives of this study were to evaluate if vitrified porcine spermatozoa are able to maintain their capacity to produce zygotes in vitro using intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and to evaluate the zygote development in two in vitro atmospheric conditions: 5% CO2 and tri‐gas. A group of porcine oocytes maturated in vitro were injected with vitrified‐warmed sperm (treatment group) and another group, with sperm diluted and conserved at 17°C (control group). To evidence parthenogenetic activation, some oocytes were submitted to a Sham test. The injected oocytes were cultured in G1 medium at 38°C, 100% humidity and 5% CO2 or tri‐gas. No significant differences (p > .05) were observed in embryo development between the oocytes injected with vitrified‐warmed sperm (31.8%; 36/113), and those injected with semen diluted and conserved at 17°C (35.5%; 32/90), when cultured in 5% CO2 or under tri‐gas atmosphere (42.9%; 39/91 vs. 34.2%; 26/76, respectively). No significant differences (p > .05) were observed in the percentage of pronuclei (PN) obtained between 5% CO2 and tri‐gas, within each treatment either. Of the 52 oocytes submitted to the Sham test, only two presented a female PN (activation) indicating that the PN observed in the treatment group were a product of fertilization and not parthenogenetic activation. To conclude, porcine sperm vitrified using spheres, at a concentration of 5 × 106 spermatozoa/ml in TALP medium with 1% bovine serum albumin (BSA), conserve condensed and intact chromatin capable of producing early embryo development up to the pronuclear stage. 相似文献
85.
D. Seghers R. Bulcke D. Reheul S. D. Siciliano E. M. Top † & W. Verstraete ‡ 《European Journal of Soil Science》2003,54(4):679-684
There is an increasing interest in agricultural systems in which the use of herbicides is forbidden. Therefore, soils treated with herbicides atrazine and metolachlor for the last 20 years were compared with soil samples from the same field that had never been treated (control soil). We determined the pollution induced community tolerance (PICT) by evaluating the methane oxidation capacity of soil samples after adding increasing amounts of a methane oxidation inhibitor, 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4‐D). Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of 16S rRNA genes assessed whether the soil methanotrophic community differed between the two treatments. Addition of 60 µg 2,4‐D per g soil clearly inhibited methane oxidation in both soils but increased the time needed to oxidize 5% methane in the headspace by 250% for the control soil compared with 175% for the herbicide‐treated soil. This indicates that the soil with a long‐term herbicide history had a greater tolerance to the methane oxidation inhibitor than did the control soil. The DGGE of 16S rRNA genes amplified directly from soil community DNA could also distinguish the two treatments. The banding patterns of the Type I methanotrophs contained fewer bands in the herbicide‐treated soil. It seems that both the PICT approach and DGGE analysis are effective assays to distinguish a long‐term herbicide‐treated soil from an untreated soil. 相似文献
86.
Paul D. Siciliano 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2011,31(5-6):203-204
87.
E Erregger MA Stevenson DS Beggs S Oswin SP Jagoe PD Mansell MF Pyman 《Australian veterinary journal》2020,98(9):417-423
Leptospirosis is a zoonosis, found worldwide, affecting many species of animals. We conducted a cross-sectional study to estimate the prevalence of Leptospira borgpetersenii sv Hardjo and Leptospira interrogans sv Pomona in cattle in dairy herds in South-Western Victoria, Australia. Fifty-three herds were enrolled in the study. Urine samples were collected from 15 late-lactation cows in each herd. A questionnaire was provided to herd managers at the time of each herd visit, asking them to describe the methods they used for controlling leptospirosis, including vaccination. Urine samples were pooled at the herd level and tested for leptospira spp. using real time PCR. Urine samples from individual cows within the positive pooled samples were then tested for Leptospira Hardjo and Leptospira Pomona using qPCR. Four of the 53 herds showed positive leptospirosis results giving an apparent prevalence of 8 (95% CI 2–18) leptospira-positive herds per 100 herds at risk. Based on the 53 completed questionnaires, leptospirosis vaccination programs were not compliant with label directions in 36 of the 52 vaccinated herds: 69 (95% CI 55–81) of 100 herd managers that routinely vaccinated for leptospirosis did not comply with label directions. One herd was completely unvaccinated. Based on our findings, we estimate that approximately 10% of dairy farms in South-Western Victoria are likely to be infected with leptospirosis. While most herds are vaccinating for leptospirosis, most are not doing so according to label directions. We conclude that herd managers need to be better educated regarding leptospirosis vaccination programs. 相似文献
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VL Grillo KE Arzey PM Hansbro AC Hurt S Warner J Bergfeld GW Burgess B Cookson CJ Dickason M Ferenczi T Hollingsworth MDA Hoque RB Jackson M Klaassen PD Kirkland NY Kung S Lisovski MA O'Dea K O'Riley D Roshier LF Skerratt JP Tracey X Wang R Woods L Post 《Australian veterinary journal》2015,93(11):387-393