Effects of chromium nicotinate on performance, carcase characteristics and blood chemistry of growing turkeys     

Chen KL  Lu JJ  Lien TF  Chiou PW 《British poultry science》2001,42(3):399-404

1. The objective of this trial was to study the effects of chromium nicotinate (Cr) supplementation on the performance, carcase characteristics and blood constituents of 9 to 22 week-old male turkeys. 2. Fifty-four 8-week-old male turkeys weighing 2.9 +/- 0.28 kg were allocated at random into 9 groups with 3 dietary treatments and 3 replicates. The dietary treatment was different dietary concentrations of chromium in the basal diet, to provide 0 (control), 1 or 3 mg/kg. The feeding trial lasted for 14 weeks. 3. Results showed that 1 mg/kg chromium supplementation significantly improved weight gain and food intake at 9 to 18 weeks of age but did not significantly influence performance at 19 to 22 week of age. The breast and thigh muscle were significantly increased in birds receiving 1 mg/kg chromium supplementation but were decreased by 3 mg/kg of supplementation. 4. Dietary chromium supplementation did not significantly influence other serum constituents, including insulin, HDL, VLDL+LDL, HDL-C, VLDL-C+LDL-C, total protein, albumin, and gamma-globulin at 18 and 22 weeks of age. 5. The serum triacylglycerol (TG) and uric acid contents were significantly increased, while glycerol and alpha-globulin were significantly reduced by 3 mg/kg chromium supplementation. However, 1 mg/kg chromium supplementation significantly reduced serum cholesterol and glycerol at 18-weeks old. At 22 weeks of age, 1 mg/kg chromium supplementation significantly increased serum glucose and decreased the uric acid concentration whereas 3 mg/kg chromium supplementation significantly increased the creatinine concentration and decreased beta-globulin concentration.  相似文献   

Calculation of urinary enzyme excretion, with renal structure and function in dogs with pyometra     

Heiene R  Moe L  Mølmen G 《Research in veterinary science》2001,70(2):129-137

The urinary enzyme markers of renal damage, alkaline phosphatase (AP), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (NAG), glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal biopsies were studied to evaluate renal status in dogs with pyometra. After ovariohysterectomy, urinary enzymes were measured daily for 12 days in 55 dogs, and again at a later follow-up visit. Thirteen dogs had high levels of at least one enzyme at initial presentation. Seventeen dogs had a transient increase in urinary enzyme values between one and five days after surgery. Enzyme values usually declined to low activities within 12 post-operative days. Renal biopsies demonstrated tubular abnormalities in many dogs. Mean GFR was 2.4 and 2.0 ml min(-1) kg(-1), respectively on day 1 post-operatively and at the follow-up visit 1-4 months later. High urinary enzyme values often reflected extensive lesions in renal proximal tubular cells and sometimes reduced GFR.  相似文献   

Relative risks of the uncontrollable (airborne) spread of FMD by different species     

Donaldson AI  Alexandersen S  Sørensen JH  Mikkelsen T 《The Veterinary record》2001,148(19):602-604

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Disseminated Mycobacterium celatum (type 3) infection in a domestic ferret (Mustela putorius furo)     

Valheim M  Djønne B  Heiene R  Caugant DA 《Veterinary pathology》2001,38(4):460-463

A 4-year-old male ferret (Mustela putoriusfuro) had a 6-month history of weight loss and gradual development of depression and coughing. Necropsy findings included pale gray tissue around the distal trachea, multiple nodules in the lungs, a single nodule in the stomach wall, gray foci in the liver, and enlarged lymph nodes. Histologic examination revealed multifocal to coalescing granulomatous inflammation in the trachea, lungs, stomach, liver, and lymph nodes, with acid-fast bacteria in epithelioid cells and macrophages. The acid-fast bacteria were identified as Mycobacterium celatum (type 3) using DNA sequence analysis of the 16S ribosomal DNA gene. M. celatum is a recently described mycobacterium isolated mainly from immunocompromised humans. This is the first report of M. celatum infection in an animal.  相似文献   

The life cycle of Dichelyne (Cucullanellus) minutus (Nematoda: Cucullanidae)     

Køie M 《Folia parasitologica》2001,48(4):304-310

Mature specimens of the nematode Dichelyne (Cucullanellus) minutus (Rudolphi, 1819) (Ascaridida, Cucullanidae, Seuratoidea) were obtained from the intestine of flounder Platichthys flesus (L.) caught in the Oresund, Denmark. Plaice Pleuronectes platessa L. and common goby Pomatoschistus microps (Kr?yer) also harbour this species. The eggs embryonate on the seabottom. Larvae about 440 microm long, and believed to be in their third stage, hatch from the eggs. These larvae are not directly infective to flounders or gobies. The polychaete Nereis diversicolor O.F. Muller acts as obligatory intermediate host. Experimental infections showed that larvae >600 microm long and provided with achitinous tooth survived in flounder and common goby. The third-stage larvae moult to fourth-stage larvae in the fish gut wall. Mature worms occur in the lumen of the anterior part of the intestine. All developmental stages may be transferred from one flounder to another; thus the flounder may acquire the parasite also by devouring infected gobies.  相似文献   

The Use of a GUS Transformant of Trichoderma Harzianum, Strain T3a, to Study Metabolic Activity in the Spermosphere and Rhizosphere Related to Biocontrol of Pythium Damping-off And Root Rot     

Helge Green  Nina Heiberg  Kirsten Lejbølle  Dan Funck Jensen 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2001,107(3):349-359

The activity of Trichoderma harzianum in the spermosphere and rhizosphere of different plant species was studied by use of a beta-glucuronidase (GUS) transformant (strain T3a). Hereby, direct observation of micro-habitats supporting metabolic activity of T. harzianum is reported. Germination of conidia and mycelial growth were not supported by exudates from healthy roots of various ages. Instead, growth and activity of T. harzianum depended on access to dead organic substrates such as seed coats, decaying roots, and wounds, including those caused by infecting pathogens. A correlation between the GUS activity of T. harzianum and the biomass of Pythium ultimum in infected roots was established. On the basis of our observations, we suggest that the biocontrol ability of T. harzianum involves competition with the pathogen for substrates including the seed coat, and wounded or infected root tissue.  相似文献   

A new isolate of the nematophagous fungus Duddingtonia flagrans a biological control agent against free-living larvae of horse strongyles     

Silvina Fernández A  Henningsen E  Larsen M  Nansen P  Grønvold J  Søndergaard J 《Equine veterinary journal》1999,31(6):488-491

An experiment was carried out in 1997 to test the efficacy of an isolate of the microfungus Duddingtonia flagrans against free-living stages of horse strongyles under conditions in the field and to assess the eventual effect of the fungus on the normal degradation of faeces. Faecal pats were made from faeces of a naturally strongyle infected horse, which had been fed fungal material at a dose level of 106 fungal unit/kg bwt. Control pats without fungi were made from faeces collected from the same animal just before being fed fungi. Faecal cultures set up for both groups of faeces to monitor the activity of the fungus under laboratory conditions showed that the fungus significantly reduced the number of infective third-stage larvae (L3) by an average of 98.4%. Five faecal pats from each batch of faeces were deposited on pasture plots at 3 times during spring-summer. The herbage around each pat was sampled fortnightly to recover L3 transmitted from faeces. The results showed that the herbage infectivity around fungus-treated pats was reduced by 85.8-99.4%. The remaining faecal material at the end of each sampling period was collected, and the surviving L3 were extracted. Significantly fewer larvae were recovered from the fungus-treated pats. Analysis of wet and dry weight of the collected pats, as well as their organic matter content, were performed to compare the degradation of faeces of both groups. The results indicated that the presence of the fungus did not alter the degradation of the faeces.  相似文献   

Spontaneous vaginal rupture in pregnant ewes     

Mosdøl G 《The Veterinary record》1999,144(2):38-41

Seventeen cases of spontaneous, partial or total vaginal rupture, in pregnant ewes, involving the dislocation and herniation of the intestines and uterus, were studied. Four of them also had a uterine torsion, and three of these recovered after treatment. In the remaining 13 cases the condition of the uterus was unknown. The lesion always consisted of a dorsolateral tear in the vagina with a partial or total perforation of the wall close to the uterine cervix. The affected animals were all in normal body condition. Their average age was just under five years, and most were carrying twins. Most cases occurred approximately one week before expected lambing. None of the cases was observed to have a vaginal prolapse before the vaginal rupture. Histological examination of one case revealed scar formation in the vaginal wall close to the rupture, which appeared to be due to an earlier inflammatory process or injury. The circulatory disturbance in the reproductive organs caused by the uterine torsion potentially weakens the vaginal wall. This weakness, in combination with excessive tenesmus resulting from increased tension in the uterine ligaments, and in some cases possibly with a lower vaginal resistance due to previous scarring, may be of aetiological significance in spontaneous vaginal rupture.  相似文献   

A pharmacokinetic study including some relevant clinical effect of medetomidine and atipamezole in lactating dairy cows     

Ranheim B  Arnemo JM  Ryeng KA  Søli NE  Horsberg TE 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》1999,22(6):368-373

Medetomidine is the most potent and selective alpha2-agonist used in veterinary medicine and its effects can be antagonized by the alpha2-antagonist atipamezole. The pharmacokinetics of medetomidine and atipamezole were studied in a cross-over trial in eight lactating dairy cows. The animals were injected intravenously (i.v.) with medetomidine (40 microg/kg) followed by atipamezole i.v. (200 microg/kg) or saline i.v. after 60 min. Drug concentrations in plasma were measured by HPLC. After the injection of atipamezole, the concentration of medetomidine in plasma increased slightly, the mean increment being 2.7 ng/mL and the mean duration 12.1 min. However, atipamezole did not alter the pharmacokinetics of medetomidine. It is likely that the increase in medetomidine concentration is caused by displacement of medetomidine by atipamezole in highly perfused tissues. The volume of distribution at steady state (Vss) for medetomidine followed by saline and medetomidine followed by atipamezole was 1.21 and 1.32 L/kg, respectively, whereas the total clearance (Cl) values were 24.2 and 25.8 mL/min x kg. Vss and Cl values for atipamezole were 1.77 mL/kg and 48.1 mL/min x kg, respectively. Clinically, medetomidine significantly reduced heart rate and increased rectal temperature for 45 min. Atipamezole reversed the sedative effects of medetomidine. However, all the animals, except one, relapsed into sedation at an average of 80 min after injection of the antagonist.  相似文献   

A retrospective evaluation of a Bovine Herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) antibody ELISA on bulk-tank milk samples for classification of the BHV-1 status of Danish dairy herds     

Nylin B  Strøger U  Rønsholt L 《Preventive veterinary medicine》1999,47(1-2):91-105

Bulk-tank milk samples analysed in a Bovine Herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) blocking ELISA are still in use in the Danish BHV-1 programme as a tool to classify dairy herds as BHV-1 infected or BHV-1 free herds. In this retrospective study, we used data from the Danish BHV-1 eradication campaign to evaluate performance characteristics of the BHV-1 blocking ELISA in 1039 BHV-1-seropositive and 502 repeatedly BHV-1-negative dairy herds using the results of blood testing of the individual animals as the true infection status. At a cut-off value of 30% blocking reaction, the herd-level relative sensitivity and relative specificity were 82 and 100%, respectively. The herd-level relative sensitivity depended on the within-herd prevalence of seropositive cows and the cut-off value in the assay, but not on the time interval (up to 90 days) between the collection of the bulk-tank milk sample and the individual serum samples. The BHV-1 blocking ELISA on bulk-tank milk could detect seropositive herds (few), with prevalence proportions as low as one seropositive cow out of 70 cows.  相似文献