Experimental model for removal of snake venom via hemoperfusion in rats     

Maximilian Estevan Oliveira  Jssica Campanholi  Roberta Lima Cavalcante  Felipe Silveira Moreno  Edson Hideaki Yoshida  Murilo Melo Juste Dini  lvio Franco de Camargo Aranha  Jos Carlos Cogo  Lourdes Dias  Stephen Hyslop  Denise Grotto  Valquíria Miwa Hanai‐Yoshida  Yoko Oshima‐Franco 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2020,30(3):286-294

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Brain anatomy of two-toed sloth (Choloepus didactylus,Linnaeus, 1758): A comparative gross anatomical study of extant xenarthrans     

Letícia Menezes Freitas  Odeony Paulo dos Santos  André Luiz Quagliatto Santos  Fabiano Rodrigues de Melo  Leandro Silveira  Anah Tereza de Almeida Jácomo  Kleber Fernando Pereira  Fabiano Campos Lima 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2020,49(1):130-143

The neural system plays an important role in understanding some features of animals. Anatomical complexity correlates with the increase of functional capacity. Xenarthrans include anteaters (Vermilingua), armadillos (Cingulata) and sloths (Folivora). This group is the base of eutherian mammals, and understanding the anatomy of its neural system could provide data for functional and evolutionary interpretations. The gross anatomy of the xenarthran brain is recorded. Four extant families of Pilosa and two families of Cingulata were sampled. Usual dissection procedures were used, and the brains were analysed macroscopically. The brain of two-toed sloth, three-toed sloth, six-banded armadillo, giant anteater and collared anteater are gyrencephalic. Pygmy anteater, nine-banded armadillo, great long-nosed armadillo, southern naked-tailed armadillo and giant armadillo are lissencephalic. In most species, the rhinal fissure presents two segments, rostral and caudal (except in Vermilingua and three-toed sloth). The diencephalon and brainstem present similar anatomy. The cerebellum is wide and presents four lobes (rostral, central, caudal and floccular). Its average volume is 12.16% (Folivora), 14.26% (Vermilingua) and 18.61% (Cingulata). Among these groups, there is a statistical difference between Folivora/Cingulata concerning the cerebellum average. The general pattern of the brain of the xenarthrans is similar to that of other mammals.  相似文献   

Digit innervation of the thoracic limb of Criollo horses: Anatomical description and consequences to perineural blocks     

Bruno Belmonte Silveira  Erick Candiota Souza  Matheus Damasceno Nunes dos Santos  Marcelo Lameiro Porciuncula  Marcos da Silva Azevedo  Claudia Acosta Duarte  Amarílis Díaz de Carvalho  Paulo de Souza Junior 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2020,49(6):728-736

Criollo horse breeding is an important economic activity in South America. Because of their athletic performance, these animals tend to show great incidence of musculoskeletal disorders, many of them diagnosed by means of perineural blocks. However, incorrect interpretation of these blocks may be due to anatomical differences in nerve distribution. The objective of this study was to describe the innervation of the digit region of thoracic limbs in Criollo horses, in order to improve the interpretation of tests for claudication diagnosis based on nerve block. Thirty thoracic limbs from Criollo horses were dissected. It could be observed that in 90% of the limbs, dorsal branches of the palmar nerve originated proximally to the proximal sesamoid bone. In 93% of the cases, the palmar digital nerve and the dorsal branches communicated; in 87% of the cases, communication between branches of the dorsal branch was observed; and in 27% (8/30) of the limbs, the palmar metacarpal nerve and the dorsal branch presented communications. None of the specimens showed complete symmetry in the distribution of nerves in contralateral limbs. The high frequency of communication between the nerves may be a particularity of the Criollo breed that may interfere with the interpretation of perineural blocks. Based on the anatomical position, it may be inferred that divergent results in Criollo horses may occur when abaxial sesamoid nerve block is used. Palmar digital nerve block may be less influenced by these variations, provided it is performed as distal as possible from the ungular cartilage.  相似文献   

Composting Wastes Contaminated with Naphthalene     

Ana E. Silveira  Rui B. Ganho 《Compost science & utilization》2013,21(4):78-81

Recent data show composting as an alternative for treatment of PAHs contaminated wastes. Nevertheless, the presence of highly volatile compounds like naphthalene might compromise the interest of this treatment and thus its careful evaluation is justified. A bench scale composting system was built to evaluate the importance of volatilization in the transformation of naphthalene by composting. Naphthalene concentration was measured in solid, aqueous and gas phases by HPLC and GC. Preliminary results have shown that the presence of microorganisms able to degrade naphthalene reduces naphthalene loss by volatilization.  相似文献   

Toxicological and metabolic parameters of the teleost fish (Leporinus obtusidens) in response to commercial herbicides containing clomazone and propanil     

Bibiana Silveira Moraes  Alexandra Pretto  Charlene Menezes  Geovane Boschmann Reimche 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2009,95(2):57-62

Pesticides, such as herbicides can affect the metabolic and toxicological parameters on fish. For this reason, an experiment was carried out with the objective of to evaluate the effects of commercial formulations of clomazone and propanil herbicides on acetylcholinesterase (AChE), thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), catalase (CAT) and metabolic parameters in teleost fish (Leporinus obtusidens). Fish were exposed during 90 days to field measured concentration of the herbicides clomazone and propanil (376 and 1644 μg/L, respectively) on rice paddy water. Specific AChE activity in the brain and muscle decreased and TBARS levels decreased in brain, muscle and liver tissues. Liver catalase decreased after exposure to both herbicides. Metabolic parameters in the liver and white muscle showed different changes after exposure to both herbicides. In summary, the results showed that clomazone and propanil affects toxicological and metabolic parameters of piavas. These results suggest that environmentally relevant herbicides concentrations are toxic to Leporinus obtusidens.  相似文献   

A nontoxic derivative of Bothrops jararaca venom suitable to generate antibodies against the native venom.     

O A Rocha  A F Bicalho  J N Silveira  E S Lopes  I F Heneine 《DTW. Deutsche tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》1992,99(4):143-145

Bothrops jararaca venom was toxoided by stepwise iodination with cold iodine, and doses up to 30 LD50 were non-lethal by i.p. route (BICALHO et al., 1990). Groups of mice injected chronically with the native, or the iodinated venom, have been subjected to histological examination. In the native group, in the spleen, around the white pulp, an acellular, amorphous eosinophilic substance, metachromatic to Methyl Violet, PAS positive, and dichroic to Congo Red under polarized light, was present. Strong congestion in the liver, kidneys and lungs was found. The salivary glands were replenished with an amorphous substance in the serosal acini. The groups injected with the iodinated venom only show discrete alterations, more akin to the control group. The anavenin was immunogenic. Antibody generation in mice and rabbits was detected by ELISA. In mice, active protection against challenge with native venom was presented. The iodinated venom generated a rabbit antiserum with strong lines in gel immunoprecipitation against the lethal venom. A minimum neutralization titer of 2.3 mg ml-1 against the native venom was attained in the first cycle (28 days) of immunization. After 3 cycles (100 days), the protection rose to 5.1 mg ml-1.  相似文献   

The expression of plasmid mediated afimbrial adhesin genes in an avian septicemic Escherichia coli strain     

Eliana Guedes Stehling  Tatiana Amabile Campos  Marcelo Brocchi  Vasco Ariston de Carvalho Azevedo  Wanderley Dias da Silveira 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2008,9(1):75-83

An Escherichia coli strain (SEPT13) isolated from the liver of a hen presenting clinical signs of septicaemia had a LD₅₀ of 4.0 × 10⁵ CFU/ml in one-day-old chickens, expressed Ia, Ib, E1, E3, K and B colicins and aerobactin. The strain was ampicillin and streptomycin resistant, and found to have fimA, csgA and tsh DNA related sequences; it could adhere to and invade HEp-2 and tracheal epithelial cells, expressed fimbriae (observed by electron microscopy), and had five plasmids of 2.7, 4.7, 43, 56, and 88 MDa. Transposon mutagenesis of strain SEPT13, with transposon TnphoA, resulted in a mutant strain named ST16 that had a LD₅₀ of 1.2 × 10¹² CFU/ml. All other biological characteristics of strain ST16 were the same as those detected for strain SEPT13 except for the migration of an 88 MDa plasmid to the 93 MDa position indicating the insertion of the transposon into the 88 MDa plasmid. The 93 MDa plasmid of strain ST16 was transferred, by electroporation assay, to non-pathogenic receptor strains (E. coli strains K12 MS101 and HB101), resulting in transformant strains A and B, respectively. These strains exhibited adhesion properties to in vitro cultivated HEp-2 cells but did not have the capacity for invasion. The adherence occurred despite the absence of fimbriae; this finding suggests that the 88 MDa plasmid has afimbrial adhesin genes.  相似文献   

Causes of bruising in carcasses of beef cattle during farm,transport, and slaughterhouse handling in Brazil     

Fbio S. Mendona  Ricardo Z. Vaz  Fabiano N. Vaz  Willian S. Leal  Isabella D. B. Silveira  Joo Restle  Arione A. Boligon  Fernando F. Cardoso 《Animal Science Journal》2019,90(2):288-296

This study aimed to assess preslaughter factors responsible for the occurrence of bruises to front, rib, loin, hip, and round sites of cattle carcasses. Data from the slaughter of 148 loads of cattle were assessed, totaling 4,611 carcasses. Evaluated bruising factor variables were animal gender, journey distance (km), vehicle type (m²), journey time (hours), load density (kg/m²), handling and facilities conditions (optimal, acceptable, and unacceptable), and unloading waiting time (min). Gender had the strongest influence on carcass bruising, being the first variable to enter in the majority of models related to the carcass sites. Female carcasses displayed higher bruising in all sites. Densities above 401 kg/m² caused more bruising. With the exception of the loin, unacceptable, and acceptable conditions assigned to farm facilities and handling resulted in higher average bruising. Articulated vehicles with a greater load capacity were more likely to cause bruising. The effects of variables causing bruises act differently in the various carcass sites. In this sense, the results of this study suggested possible management practices for specific problems during the preslaughter period to minimize losses by bruising to different carcass sites.  相似文献   

Effects of Growth Hormone on In Situ Culture of Bovine Preantral Follicles are Dose Dependent          下载免费PDF全文

CR Jimenez  JL de Azevedo  RG Silveira  J Penitente‐Filho  EL Carrascal‐Triana  AM Zolini  VR Araújo  CAA Torres 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2016,51(4):575-584

The objective of this study was to evaluate different concentrations of growth hormone (GH) on the development of bovine preantral follicles cultured included in the ovarian tissue (in situ) on the rates of morphologically normal, viable, primordial and developing follicles, as well as the oocyte and follicle diameter and ultrastructural analysis. Ovarian fragments collected from cows with no cross‐breeds defined were cultured in situ for 1 and 7 days in minimal essential medium (α‐MEM+) supplemented with different concentrations of recombinant human GH (0, 10, 25, 50 ng/ml). The ovarian fragments non‐cultured (control) and cultured were processed for classic histology, mechanical isolation and electron transmission microscopy (MET). The parameters underwent anova (Tukey′s and Dunnett′s tests) and chi‐square test (χ²). After 7 days of culture, the treatment with 50 ng/ml GH showed no differences with fresh control (p > 0.05) and had greater effectiveness than in the 0, 10 and 25 ng/ml GH concentrations of the morphologically normal follicles. Regarding the primordial follicles, a reduction was observed in the 50 ng/ml GH concentration concomitant with the significant increase in developing follicles, differing from both the fresh control and the other GH concentrations tested. In addition, 50 ng/ml GH showed a larger follicle and oocyte diameter when compared to the other treatments cultured. Similar structures were ultrastructurally observed in the control group, 50 ng/ml GH. Follicles cultured in 10 ng/ml GH showed nuclear invagination, vacuoles and lesioned basal membrane. Hence, it is concluded that 50 ng/ml GH is the most effective concentration for the development of preantral follicles cultured in situ.  相似文献   

Serum Levels of Cardiac Markers NT‐proANP and NT‐proBNP in Brachycephalic bitches at Different Gestational Stages          下载免费PDF全文

MAR Feliciano  RR Uscategui  GS Maciel  VT de Almeida  MF Silveira  GAC de Oliveira  WRR Vicente 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2016,51(3):346-350

The aim of this study was to determine serum levels of natriuretic peptide precursors (NT‐proANP and NT‐proBNP) during pregnancy in brachycephalic bitches. Fifteen healthy multiparous bitches were selected for this prospective study. Serum levels of NT‐proANP and NT‐proBNP were measured during anoestrous and at 14, 35, 42, 49 and 56 days (2nd, 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th weeks) of pregnancy. Fourteen animals had normal gestations, and one bitch developed single foetus syndrome. The natriuretic peptide levels of this animal were not included in this study; however, it is important to report that its NT‐proANP levels were four times greater than those of normal patients. There was no significant difference (p = 0.072) in NT‐proBNP levels between anoestrous (0.20 ± 0.10 ng/ml) and the different pregnancy weeks (0.27 ± 0.12 ng/ml). There was a positive correlation (p < 0.0001) between NT‐proANP and gestational age, and the levels of this marker increased significantly (p < 0.0001) during the 6th (0.26 ± 0.06 ng/ml), 7th (0.28 ± 0.04 ng/ml) and 8th weeks (0.29 ± 0.05 ng/ml) when compared to anoestrous (0.18 ± 0.02 ng/ml). NT‐proANP serum levels are correlated with gestational development and may be indicative of cardiovascular adaptation in canine brachycephalic pregnancy.  相似文献