Exposure to the Neurotoxic Dinoflagellate,Alexandrium catenella,Induces Apoptosis of the Hemocytes of the Oyster,Crassostrea gigas     

Walid Medhioub  Simon Ramondenc  Audrey Sophie Vanhove  Agnes Vergnes  Estelle Masseret  Veronique Savar  Zouher Amzil  Mohamed Laabir  Jean Luc Rolland 《Marine drugs》2013,11(12):4799-4814

This study assessed the apoptotic process occurring in the hemocytes of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, exposed to Alexandrium catenella, a paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) producer. Oysters were experimentally exposed during 48 h to the toxic algae. PSTs accumulation, the expression of 12 key apoptotic-related genes, as well as the variation of the number of hemocytes in apoptosis was measured at time intervals during the experiment. Results show a significant increase of the number of hemocytes in apoptosis after 29 h of exposure. Two pro-apoptotic genes (Bax and Bax-like) implicated in the mitochondrial pathway were significantly upregulated at 21 h followed by the overexpression of two caspase executor genes (caspase-3 and caspase-7) at 29 h, suggesting that the intrinsic pathway was activated. No modulation of the expression of genes implicated in the cell signaling Fas-Associated protein with Death Domain (FADD) and initiation-phase (caspase-2) was observed, suggesting that only the extrinsic pathway was not activated. Moreover, the clear time-dependent upregulation of five (Bcl2, BI-1, IAP1, IAP7B and Hsp70) inhibitors of apoptosis-related genes associated with the return to the initial number of hemocytes in apoptosis at 48 h of exposure suggests the involvement of strong regulatory mechanisms of apoptosis occurring in the hemocytes of the Pacific oyster.  相似文献   

Accidental Mycobacterium bovis infection in a veterinarian     

MM Cooke  AJ Gear  A Naidoo  DM Collins 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(1):36-38

CASE: A veterinarian developed tenosynovitis and secondary carpal tunnel syndrome following accidental inoculation of Mycobacterium bovis during the necropsy of a tuberculous possum from Westland, New Zealand.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: M. bovis infection is a zoonotic disease, and occupational exposure to tuberculous animals places people at risk of contracting the disease.

CONCLUSIONS: Adhering to safe work practices reviewed in this article is important to minimise the risk of infection to people handling tuberculous animals.  相似文献   

Gastrojejunostomy as a treatment for gastric outflow disorders in four adult horses     

A Brabon  R Labens  A Ramachandran  AJ Dart  BA Dowling 《Australian veterinary journal》2023,101(8):302-307

Four adult horses with histories of moderate abdominal pain and inappetence were diagnosed with delayed gastric emptying and gastric impaction attributed to pyloroduodenal obstruction (three cases) or duodenitis (one case). A stapled side-to-side gastrojejunostomy was performed on all horses. Two horses returned to work and survived ≥3 years. One horse was euthanased 6 months post-surgery due to recurrent abdominal pain, and one was found dead 5 months postsurgery after an unattended foaling.  相似文献   

Inheritance of beta-carotene-associated flesh color in cucumber (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Cucumis sativus</Emphasis> L.) fruit     

H. E. Cuevas  H. Song  J. E. Staub  P. W. Simon 《Euphytica》2010,171(3):301-311

The nutritional value of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) can be improved by the introgression of β-carotene (i.e., provitamin A and/or orange flesh) genes from “Xishuangbanna gourd” (XIS; Cucumis sativus var. xishuangbannanesis Qi et Yuan) into US pickling cucumber. However, the genetics of β-carotene content has not been clearly defined in this US market type. Thus, three previous populations derived from a US pickling cucumber (‘Addis’) × XIS mating were evaluated for β-carotene content, from which the high β-carotene inbred line (S₄), ‘EOM 402-10’, was developed. A cross was then made between the US pickling cucumber inbred line ‘Gy7’ [gynoecious, no β-carotene, white flesh; P₁] and ‘EOM 402-10’ [monoecious, possessing β-carotene, orange flesh; P₂] to determine the inheritance of β-carotene in fruit mesocarp and endocarp tissue. Parents and derived cross-progenies (F₁, F₂, BC₁P₁, and BC₁P₂) were evaluated for β-carotene content in a greenhouse in Madison, Wisconsin. While F₁ and BC₁P₁ progeny produced mature fruits possessing white, light-green, and green (0.01–0.02 μg g⁻¹ β-carotene) mesocarp, the F₂ and BC₁P₂ progeny mesocarp segregated in various hues of white, green, yellow (0.01–0.34 μg g⁻¹ β-carotene), and orange (1.90–2.72 μg g⁻¹ β-carotene). Mesocarp and endocarp F₂ segregation adequately fit a 15:1 [low-β-carotene (0.01–0.34 μg g⁻¹): high-β-carotene (1.90–2.72 μg g⁻¹)] and 3:1 (low-β-carotene: high-β-carotene) ratio, respectively. Likewise, segregation of carotene concentration in mesocarp and endocarp tissues in BC₁P₂ progeny adequately fit a 3:1 (low-β-carotene: high-β-carotene) and 1:1 (low-β-carotene: high-β-carotene) ratio, respectively. Progeny segregations indicate that two recessive genes control the β-carotene content in the mesocarp, while one recessive gene controls β-carotene content in the endocarp. Single marker analysis of F₂ progeny using the carotenoid biosynthesis gene Phytoene synthase determined that there was no association between this gene and the observed β-carotene variation in either fruit mesocarp or endocarp.  相似文献   

Phytoplasmas: Genomes,Plant Hosts and Vectors     

Simon Eden‐Green 《Plant pathology》2010,59(6):1177-1178

  相似文献   

Evaluation of pathogenicity and aggressiveness of <Emphasis Type="Italic">F. langsethiae</Emphasis> on oat and wheat seedlings relative to known seedling blight pathogens     

Samuel M. Imathiu  Martin C. Hare  Rumiana V. Ray  Matthew Back  Simon G. Edwards 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2010,126(2):203-216

Fusarium and Microdochium species are causal agents of seedling blight of small-grain cereal crops where they may contribute to a significant reduction in crop establishment and final yield. Two experiments were carried out to investigate the potential pathogenicity and aggressiveness of F. langsethiae, a recently identified fungus linked with the contamination of cereals with high levels of the trichothecene mycotoxins, HT-2 and T-2. An artificial seed inoculation method involving conidial suspensions was used and the experiments conducted in a growth cabinet set at either 5 or 15°C with a 12 h photoperiod. Known seedling blight pathogens of the genus Fusarium and Microdochium were used for comparison. At 15oC, F. culmorum, M. nivale and M. majus caused seedling blight of oats and wheat with F. culmorum, on average being the most aggressive than the latter two. At 5oC, only F. culmorum and M. nivale caused seedling blight of oats and wheat. Under the experimental conditions employed, F. langsethiae and F. poae failed to produce seedling blight disease indicating that these two species are not pathogenic to oat and wheat cultivars, Gerald and Claire respectively, at the seedling stage of development. They are therefore unlikely to affect crop establishment and other yield components such as tiller number, grain yield per head as well as grain weight if there is no subsequent foot-rot and/or head blight where infected seeds are sown.  相似文献   

The complex role of veterinary clinical teachers: how is their role perceived and what is expected of them?     

Bolt DM  Witte TH  Lygo-Baker S 《Journal of veterinary medical education》2010,37(4):388-394

The purpose of this study was to identify personal attributes in veterinary clinical teachers that are valued most by members of their work environment (fellow faculty, clinical training scholars [CTS; residents], undergraduate students, and referring veterinary surgeons) and to determine whether the opinions of these subgroups differed. Faculty (n=50), CTS (n=35), students (n=200), and referring veterinary surgeons (n=25) were presented with a list of 15 potentially desirable attributes. Respondents were asked to rank the three most important and the three least important attributes of effective clinical teachers. Respondents were also asked to select in which of the three main activities (clinical service, teaching, or research) in which clinical teachers currently invest the most and the least effort and in which they should invest the most and the least effort. All respondent groups agreed that "competence-knowledge" was among the most desirable attributes. Faculty, undergraduate students, and referring veterinary surgeons additionally included "enthusiasm" in the top three, whereas CTS regarded "respects independence" as more important. All respondent groups consistently chose "scholarly activity" as one of the three least important characteristics. A similar number of faculty members (38%) expressed that the greatest effort should be invested in clinical service or teaching, and the greatest proportions of CTS (44%) and students (56%) felt that most emphasis should be put on teaching alone. The differences in opinion between respondent groups regarding importance of attributes and emphasis of activity indicate that what is perceived as effective performance of clinical teachers differs depending on the role of those who engage with them.  相似文献   

The Lamellar Wedge     

Simon N. Collins  Andrew W. van Eps  Christopher C. Pollitt  Atsutoshi Kuwano 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice》2010

  相似文献   

Biometrics,Testosterone, Cortisol and Antler Growth Cycle in Iberian Red Deer Stags (Cervus elaphus hispanicus)     

E Gaspar‐López  T Landete‐Castillejos  JA Estevez  F Ceacero  L Gallego  AJ García 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2010,45(2):243-249

In this article, we aimed to describe the changes related to mating season in red deer, especially those related to antler growth, body condition score, testosterone and cortisol. Antler growth was studied in 17 Iberian red deer males, including body weight, antler length, biometric measures and testosterone and cortisol determination during 15 months. Body weight, body condition score, thoracic perimeter (TP), neck perimeter (NL) and testicular diameter (TD) showed the highest values immediately before mating season (autumn), decreased during it and remained constant at winter. Antler growth lasted 158 days and produced antlers with a final length of 80.8 ± 2.0 cm. Testosterone and cortisol showed seasonal changes with maximum values at September and May, respectively. Final antler size was related positively to cranial longitude, TP, NL, TD and body weight at casting time. No relationship between weight loss during precedent mating season and current antler size was found, but spring recovery weight was positively related to final antler size. Final length was related to the descent in testosterone values during previous mating season and to body weight before it. Spring recovery weight was related to relative weight loss during previous mating season. These results suggest that there is no relationship between the reproductive effort performed during one season and the next year size of the antler. In contrast, antler size was positively related to spring recovery weight, in the sense that those deer that recover a higher percentage of body weight at the early stages of antler growth develop higher antlers.  相似文献   

Oestrous Synchronization,Ovarian Superovulation and Intraspecific Transfers From a Closed Breeding Colony of Inbred SLA Miniature Pigs     

JJ Arlaud  L Baker  RL Williams  AJ French 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2010,45(6):951-958

The inbred SLA miniature pig is a unique animal model developed for organ transplantation studies and pre‐clinical experimental purposes. Reported oestrous synchronization and superovulation treatments were examined in two SLA haplotypes (AA and DD) to allow collection of embryos for both practical embryo transfer and experimental technologies from a closed breeding colony. Pre‐puberal miniature pigs were poor responders to oestrous synchronization treatments, while post‐puberal sows were equivalent to commercial sows. Following superovulation, the ovulation number (corpora .hemorrhagica) was higher (p < 0.05) in the cycling sows when compared with non‐cycling sows. Ovulations were equivalent to commercial pre‐puberal gilts and non‐cycling sows (p > 0.05). No difference in ovulation number between haplotypes was observed, which differs from the previous report (DD>AA). Collection of zygotes for pronuclear injection was the highest in the non‐cycling post‐puberal miniature pig group (p < 0.05), although significantly lower when compared with the commercial pig treatment groups (p < 0.05). The incidence of cystic endometrial hyperplasia in our colony was equivalent to rates observed in commercial pigs. Pronuclear visualization following centrifugation was the highest in the non‐cycling miniature sow group and approximates to about 25% of ovulations and about half the rate observed in the commercial pigs (50%). Miniature pig embryos transferred between SLA haplotypes and transfer of DD embryos to commercial pigs resulted in live births at a higher efficiency than previously reported. This study demonstrates the feasibility of undertaking assisted reproductive technologies in a closed breeding colony of inbred SLA miniature pigs without compromise to the breeding programmes.  相似文献