Acute phase protein response during road transportation and lairage at a slaughterhouse in feedlot beef cattle   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Giannetto C  Fazio F  Casella S  Marafioti S  Giudice E  Piccione G 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2011,73(11):1531-1534

The effects of transport for 5 hr by road and lairage for 48 hr on acute phase protein in Limousine feedlot beef cattle (n = 10, 14-16 months old, body weight 620 ± 70 kg) were examined. Blood was collected at before loading, immediately after unloading and 12, 24 and 48 hr after the initiation of transportation. Serum was collected for assay of haptoglobin (Hp) and serum amyloid A (SAA), plasma was obtained for assay fibrinogen (Fb) and the white blood cell count (WBC) was determined in whole blood at each time point. A significant effect of experimental conditions on Hp, SAA and WBC was observed. In particular, this effect was found 24 hr after transport for Hp and SAA and after 48 hr for WBC. Application of a linear regression model showed a high correlation between WBC and Hp and SAA. Lairage in a slaughterhouse represents a stressful condition that can compromise animal welfare and meat quality. Monitoring of SAA with the highest sensitivity and specificity could be a useful marker of welfare condition in this period.  相似文献   

Sucrose synthase dominates carbohydrate metabolism and relative growth rate in growing kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa, cv Hayward)     

Stefano Moscatello  Franco Famiani  Simona Proietti  Daniela Farinelli  Alberto Battistelli 《Scientia Horticulturae》2011

Changes in fruit growth rate, carbohydrate content (glucose, fructose, sucrose and starch) and enzyme activity (sucrose synthase, UDPglucose pyrophosphorylase, fructokinase, glucokinase, sucrose phosphate synthase, ADPglucose pyrophosphorylase and invertases), in the external pericarp of kiwifruit, were measured throughout the growing season. Sucrose synthase showed the highest activity among the sucrose cleaving enzymes during large part of the growing season. The activity of invertases were much lower than that of sucrose synthase until ripening started. Sucrose synthase showed a tight although not linear relationship with the fruit RGR. Furthermore, sucrose synthase showed linear and significant correlations with the activities of both fructokinase and UDPglucose pyrophosphorylase indicating a strong co-regulation of the activities of these three enzymes involved in sucrose cleavage and sink strength, in kiwifruit. Sucrose synthase is suggested to be the dominating enzyme in the cleavage of imported carbon in kiwifruit, in tight coordination with fructokinase and UDPglucose pyrophosphorylase.  相似文献   

Effects of hydrocortisone and aminophylline on the aggregation of equine platelets in vitro     

Stefania Casella  Elisabetta Giudice  Claudia Giannetto  Simona Marafioti  Giuseppe Piccione 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2011,12(3):215-219

The purpose of this study was to evaluate in vitro the effects of hydrocortisone and aminophylline on adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-induced platelet aggregation in horses. Blood samples from 30 healthy Thoroughbred horses were collected by via jugular venipuncture to assess platelet aggregation. Platelet-rich and platelet-poor plasma were prepared from all samples by centrifugation and divided into three different aliquots. In the first aliquot, platelet aggregation was measured after platelet activation with 1 µM and 0.5 µM ADP (Group A). In the other two aliquots, the effect of a 10 min preincubation with hydrocortisone (Group B) or aminophylline (Group C) on ADP-induced aggregation at final ADP concentrations of 1 µM and 0.5 µM was observed. Platelet aggregation, recorded by an aggregometer, was evaluated by measuring the maximum degree of platelet aggregation and the initial velocities of platelet aggregation were obtained. Our results demonstrated the inhibitory effect of hydrocortisone and the induction effect of aminophylline on equine platelet responses in vitro.  相似文献   

Tuber transmission of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ and its association with zebra chip on potato in New Zealand     

Andrew R. Pitman  Gabby M. Drayton  Simona J. Kraberger  Russell A. Genet  Ian A. W. Scott 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2011,129(3):389-398

Zebra chip, an emerging disease of potatoes, has recently been associated with ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ in New Zealand. The phloem-limited bacterium is known to be vectored by the tomato potato psyllid (Bactericera cockerelli). In this study, the role of tuber transmission in the spread of Ca. L. solanacearum was investigated by re-planting potato tubers infected with Ca. L. solanacearum in the absence of the psyllid. Nested PCR demonstrated that Ca. L. solanacearum could be transmitted from the mother tubers both to the foliage of growing plants and to progeny tubers, resulting in symptomatic and asymptomatic plants. Of 62 Ca. L. solanacearum-infected tubers four did not sprout symptomatic of zebra chip. A further two plants developed foliar symptoms associated with zebra chip during the growing season and died prematurely. Fifty-six of the infected tubers produced asymptomatic plants, although Ca. L. solanacearum was detected in the foliage of 39 of them indicative of transmission into asymptomatic progeny plants. At harvest, Ca. L. solanacearum was found in the daughter tubers of only five of the 39 asymptomatic plants, and only one of these plants was found to have zebra chip symptoms in the daughter tubers. Our results show that tuber transmission of Ca. L. solanacearum could play a role in the life cycle of this pathogen, providing a source for acquisition by Bactericera cockerelli and for movement of the pathogen to other regions of New Zealand via transport of seed tubers.  相似文献   

Metabolic profiling of strawberry grape ( Vitis × labruscana cv. 'Isabella') components by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and evaluation of their antioxidant and antiproliferative properties     

Pacifico S  D'Abrosca B  Scognamiglio M  Gallicchio M  Potenza N  Piccolella S  Russo A  Monaco P  Fiorentino A 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(14):7679-7687

In the assessment of the antioxidant properties of edible plants, the widely consumed Vitis × labruscana cv. 'Isabella', known in Italy as "fragola" (strawberry) grape, was of interest. Phenol and flavonoid contents of the methanolic extracts of peel, pulp, seed, leaf, and stalk components of the plant were determined. The metabolic profile of the extracts was performed by 1D and 2D NMR. Quantitative analysis, obtained in the presence of 0.01% of internal standard trimethylsilyl propionate, evidenced the presence of catechins in both stalk and seed extracts, whereas caffeic acid and quercetin were the main metabolites of the leaf extract. Furthermore, the extracts were tested for their radical scavenging and reducing capacities by measuring their capacity to scavenge DPPH(?) and ABTS(?+) and to reduce Fe(III) and Mo(VI) salts. The antioxidant efficacy of the extracts in cell-free systems and their antiproliferative activity toward HepG2 and A549 cells were also evaluated. Seed and stalk components are able to reduce by 39.6 and 40.6%, respectively, the amount of the metabolically active HepG2 cells after only 24 h of exposure.  相似文献   

Forest humus forms as potential indicators of soil carbon storage in Mediterranean environments   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Anna Andreetta  Rossano Ciampalini  Pierpaolo Moretti  Simona Vingiani  Giorgio Poggio  Giorgio Matteucci  Francesca Tescari  Stefano Carnicelli 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2011,47(1):31-40

The aim of this work was to investigate the potential of forest humus forms as indicators of soil C storage. To this purpose, Mediterranean forest soils in Southern and Central Italy were examined. Sites differed for elevation, climate, parent material and vegetation conditions, while summer drought was the common ecological factor. A morpho-functional criterion, based on holorganic layers thickness and A horizon properties, was used to classify humus forms, which ranged from Dysmoder to Eumull. Such variability allowed understanding of factors influencing organic matter storage. The relations between carbon stock and humus form were investigated for the topsoil layer (0–20 cm), which was supposed to contain the soil C pools most sensitive to climate change. We found that humus forms can be grouped in statistically different populations, with respect to topsoil C stocks. The use of A horizon structure was the main diagnostic criterion and represented the most effective approach to humus classification in Mediterranean conditions. It appears that humus forms have a clear potential as indicators of organic carbon status in Mediterranean forest soils.  相似文献   

The draft genome of Ciona intestinalis: insights into chordate and vertebrate origins     

Dehal P  Satou Y  Campbell RK  Chapman J  Degnan B  De Tomaso A  Davidson B  Di Gregorio A  Gelpke M  Goodstein DM  Harafuji N  Hastings KE  Ho I  Hotta K  Huang W  Kawashima T  Lemaire P  Martinez D  Meinertzhagen IA  Necula S  Nonaka M  Putnam N  Rash S  Saiga H  Satake M  Terry A  Yamada L  Wang HG  Awazu S  Azumi K  Boore J  Branno M  Chin-Bow S  DeSantis R  Doyle S  Francino P  Keys DN  Haga S  Hayashi H  Hino K  Imai KS  Inaba K  Kano S  Kobayashi K  Kobayashi M  Lee BI  Makabe KW  Manohar C  Matassi G  Medina M  Mochizuki Y  Mount S 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,298(5601):2157-2167

The first chordates appear in the fossil record at the time of the Cambrian explosion, nearly 550 million years ago. The modern ascidian tadpole represents a plausible approximation to these ancestral chordates. To illuminate the origins of chordate and vertebrates, we generated a draft of the protein-coding portion of the genome of the most studied ascidian, Ciona intestinalis. The Ciona genome contains approximately 16,000 protein-coding genes, similar to the number in other invertebrates, but only half that found in vertebrates. Vertebrate gene families are typically found in simplified form in Ciona, suggesting that ascidians contain the basic ancestral complement of genes involved in cell signaling and development. The ascidian genome has also acquired a number of lineage-specific innovations, including a group of genes engaged in cellulose metabolism that are related to those in bacteria and fungi.  相似文献   

Multi-scale processes influencing global carbon storage and land-carbon-climate nexus: A critical review     

Owais Ali WANI  Shamal Shasang KUMAR  Nazir HUSSAIN  Anas Ibni Ali WANI  Subhash BABU  Parvej ALAM  Megna RASHID  Simona Mariana POPESCU  Sheikh MANSOOR 《土壤圈》2023,33(2):250-267

Carbon(C) is a key constitutive element in living organisms(plants, microbes, animals, and humans). Carbon is also a basic component of agriculture because it plays a dynamic role in crop growth, development, nutrient cycling, soil fertility, and other agricultural features. The presence of C enhances soil physical, chemical, and biological properties. The C cycle supports all life on the Earth by transferring C between living organisms and the environment. The global climate is changing, and th...  相似文献   

Farmed Gilthead Sea Bream (Sparus aurata) by-Products Valorization: Viscera Oil ω-3 Enrichment by Short-Path Distillation and In Vitro Bioactivity Evaluation     

Concetta Maria Messina  Rosaria Arena  Simona Manuguerra  Giuseppe Renda  Vincenzo Alessandro Laudicella  Giovanna Ficano  Gioacchino Fazio  Laura La Barbera  Andrea Santulli 《Marine drugs》2021,19(3)

This study shows a pilot scale protocol aimed to obtain an omega 3-enriched oil after the processing of farmed gilthead sea bream viscera (SBV); this was oil was tested in vitro for bioactivity, attesting to the possibility to turn waste into profit The quality of the oil, in terms of requirements for animal and human consumption, was assessed by determining some chemical parameters, such as peroxide value (PV), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), ρ-anisidine (ρ-AV) content, total oxidation value (TOTOX), and phospholipids and free fatty acid (%), both in crude viscera oil (CVO) and refined viscera oil (RVO). Among the extraction conditions, the higher CVO yields were obtained at 60 °C for 10 min (57.89%) and at 80 °C for 10 min (67.5%), and the resulting oxidation levels were low when utilizing both extraction conditions. RVO, obtained from CVO extracted at 60 °C, showed the highest quality on the basis of the assessed parameters. The ethyl esters of the total fatty acid (TFA) contents extracted from RVO were enriched in the ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid fraction (PUFAE) up to almost 56% via short path distillation (SPD). Antioxidant activities and adipogenic properties were tested in vitro. PUFAE protected 3T3 L1 cells from oxidative stress and exerted an anti-adipogenic effect in Dicentrarchus labrax pre-adipocytes, attesting to the beneficial properties for both farmed fish and human health. These results could stimulate the adoption of solutions aimed to recover and utilize aquaculture by-products at a higher scale, turning “waste into profit” and indicating a strategy to reach more sustainable business models in aquaculture resource utilization according to the principles of the circular economy.  相似文献   

EFFECT OF PEAT-REDUCED AND PEAT-FREE SUBSTRATES ON ROSEMARY GROWTH     

Barbara De Lucia  Lorenzo Vecchietti  Simona Rinaldi  Carlos Mario Rivera  Alessandra Trinchera  Elvira Rea 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(6):863-876

The objective of this work was to study the use of four composts, obtained by agro-industrial, urban and green wastes, as growing media components on Rosmarinus officinalis L. Substrates were obtained by mixing each compost with peat in different proportions. Main physical and chemical characteristics of prepared substrates have been compared and, at the end of growing cycle, the biometric survey on main growing parameters and plant nutritional status was performed. The obtained results showed that substrates with 30% compost have main physical and chemical parameters comparable with those of the control. Best quality plants have been obtained substituting peat with 30% of compost, except with the olive mill compost. At the end, the green pruning compost can be recommended as growing media component (up to 50%) for the growth of Rosmarinus officinalis L., being able to determine high quality plants, together with an implemented plant nutrient efficiency.  相似文献